The structure and function of serpins

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From Deontology to Discipli, ! German medical ethics, 1800-19 I I ' " __ Debotes about medicd ethics open hmk bock to ihc oncirni prcreplr orthe Hippirmtic oath, such 01 nonmoiefiirenre. confi. dcniidiry and prcrervoiian ofhumin bfe. Fmm this pcrtpmire, the dcreiopmenr almid!al ethics may oppeor 0 scrm ofdcvio. tien$ from a iimeierr idrrri. In meni yecm howewr, hirtorionr hove begun to erpiore the toiid proferrionof ond intcileauoi conditions that *hoped medimi cihirr in defined periods. AL the Univerriry ofourham Dr AndreorHoiger Modile il mmpormg Germon and Bnti$h medid ethics in Ihe IBOOi and miy 1900s. and hem he prcrenir some inilid infighli. firuring an Gcrmon drvriopmenir. In the early nineieemh centuq German docton expetienced profound pmrernonai change. a relull of mduittializa1,on. uri>aazation and paupenzation. Al warken migrated to indurinal regionr. hospmi medme expanded 10 cope and towns created publicly funded pmi for phyrcianr 10 treat the poor. Cornpired 10 their predecerran in the eighteenth mtuq, dmon were ranfmnted with patients from a broad 10m1 spectrum. indudinglhe lower clai~e~. Cholera epldemiir in the Memnhcna, v , ~ / ~ thrTr, ~ ~ ~ dareare. Sooally-minded phywani. such as Rudoif Vmhaw. admanirhed thetc colleaguer 10 act as 'advocate$ of the pooi At the same lime. demands on practical competence in rugeq and ObnetncI increased. culminating sn the so.cnlied uniGed rncdiial pmferrion (onIlicher Einheitrriand). Fint iamduced in P ~ w 8n a 1852. it abolished the dichotomy of lppreni#Celh!P trained iuqeonr and academ8cnlly educated physician$. Moreover. dmon had new publx health duties to periom. II 54 were expressed. foi innançe. in theloumrl der pmnisdw Heilhnde. edited by the Mnyential hnian COU~ physician and Min pmielror Chnnoph Wilhelm Hufeland. Even the old s p lem of remunerating donon with an amual lump rum began 10 fail. In 1823 the Bonn dinidan oitinim Friednch Narre rug gened that medical iocietier should be founded to collect and redinnkne fees. Dlhen favoured the example re1 by the Kingdom of Hanover, which paired I law in 18 18 to limit licenser for practice in re*m that already had noqh donon Againnthir bacligmund. doct~nincre8sing~wmteabouttheir pmrerrional obügatimr. ertablirhing a ïnemv genre that became known as 'medical deontology' (i&nnic ofthe doaofr duties). This lnerature fomr I major area of DI Msehle'r research. The pmtotype was Hufeland's elhical essay 'Die Verhdirnirre der Amer', which detailed the physician's obliga tiom to patienü. deaguer and roiiay. and CM be seen 8s the bke Pm'val'r Eth:~, Hufelanüs deonlolqy &ad a ~onxwative effort Io uphold &id Mddom in the face of pmlarimd conflid and %cial change Forthe PwYan dortor anNim was the fovndation of the di pmfprbh and atit it ion of human life iü MY a~me Acmidmgly. he rejected abonion and my life-horlmhg memm in dying patiemr. Though refang m the Hipppo~tic oah in this mn- 55 tuL he chiefly wed vrhat pment4ay efhiN rail a 'dippy slope' argumm ifa doMImade iudgemü ab- the nh andrrcerrityofhuman1ife.hcw8s bwndtobecomeWe dangernus Inthe -'. The bmdw r-1 rpccuvm of patients was &ed in Hufcland's mng plea for equal mmmt hdcpndm of we& and rtatm Echoing Kantisn nhx* he fustheradnuin- iBed doam nwerto rrgard a patim 8s a 'means' or'merr objeect of a naluml up&mem'. but ahnp asharm's highnt
end'. Smce mlprartice was unlikely to be punished thmvgh the legal ryrtem. docton vere exhoned 10 linen 10 the mice of their 'inner inbunaS. fmally, mniemporaiy mmpetn,~ wnhm tne pmfewon and tanrem foi ils public image was expreried 10 lhe warning newerr0 dtrparage a cdieague. In essence. Hdeland tned 10 maintain the ideal ofthe 'gentleman dartaf. .
Page 2 and 3: The Case of the MolectlEar Mowetnap
Page 4 and 5: discovered this daes appearto happe
Page 6 and 7: O X I G E N Ifso, what orygen.renri
Page 8 and 9: D A D S O P H l L R Iikeagmwth fmor
Page 10 and 11: E P I T H E L I A L C R O I I I A L
Page 12 and 13: EZ nv
Page 14: PROPERTIES OF THE ANTIBODIES h theo
Page 17 and 18: area ofthe brain that was lell actw
Page 19 and 20: There finding fvggened that interme
Page 21 and 22: L@, Death and Happiness: A new role
Page 23 and 24: Philanthropy in Action: The Hodgkin
Page 25 and 26: From Hippocrates to Harugr and Beyo
Page 30 and 31: at xhaal: today's young people we n
Page 32 and 33: R E P E * R C " Nevenheleu. the way

The structure and function of serpins

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