Technology Status of Hydrogen Road Vehicles

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Europe--Fuel Cells Table 2. Hydrogen Vehicles for Demonstration (late 1990s) (continued) 8. Unspecified Mercedes Benz buses with FC, adopted following cancellation of item 2 in Table 1. 9. One Renault Laguna passenger car, 8 kg LH 2, 30-kW PEM FC, 500-km range. 10. Air Liquide, Ansaldo, DeNora, Renault will test this vehicle in 1997 5 . Wurster et al. (1996) give further data on the bus: 100 passengers, low floor, 150-300 km/d, 2.2 m 3 GH 2 at 25 MPa in 12 composite rooftop vessels, 60-90 PEM FC in hybrid combination with magneto-dynamic flywheel, two wheel-mounted drive motors. Demonstration in Erlangen (see also Item 3 Table 1) from early 1999 with 50% co-financing requested from federal and state governments. (See Appendix 4 for more details.) 11. One MAN city bus, 12 m, 100 passengers, low floor, 150-300 km/d, 2.2 m 3 GH 2 at 25 MPa in 12 composite rooftop vessels, 120-180 kW PEM FC, single central drive motor. Demonstration as for Item 10 above. (See Wurster et al. [1996] and Appendix 4 for more details.) 12. One Peugeot minivan, 30-kW PEM FC, 500-km range. Ansaldo, CEA, DeNora, Peugeot will test this vehicle by 1998. Europe--Internal Combustion Engines 13. One low-floor Van Hool midibus, original gasoline engine modified by VCST-Hydrogen Systems to 108 kW with supercharger, 350 liter LH 2 tank on roof, 70-passenger, 200 km range. De Lijn will operate this bus in Ghent, Belgium in 1996; refueling from a 6000 liter LH 2 tank in bus depot. 6 Japan--Fuel Cells/Internal Combustion Engines None announced. 5 Testing was completed as scheduled. 6 Testing was completed as scheduled. 18
5.0 References Akunets, A. et al., “Superhigh strength micro-balloons for hydrogen storage,” Hydrogen Energy Progress IX, 149-158, 1992. Amann, C.A., “The passenger car and the greenhouse effect,” Int. J. of Vehicle Design, 13:305-334, 1992. Anand, N.K. et al., “Recent progress in PEM FCs at Texas A&M University,” Hydrogen Energy Progress X, 1669-1679, 1994. Appleby, A.J., “Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Fuel,” Hydrogen Energy Progress IX, 1375-1383, 1992. Barbir, F., “Control Strategy for a Vehicular Fuel Cell Power System,” Hydrogen Energy Progress XI, 1695- 1705, 1996. Beck, N.R.; M. Hammerli, “The Canadian National Hydrogen R&D Program,” Hydrogen Energy Progress X, 101-113, 1994. Berta G.L. et al., “Hybrid bus in urban traffic,” ISATA 1991. Bevers, D. et al., “Innovative Production Procedure for Low Cost PEFC electrodes and membrane structures,” Hydrogen Energy Progress XI, 1767-1776, 1996. Braess, H. et al., “Drive systems to protect the environment,” Automotive Technology International, 249-255, 1990. Brown, R.K.; R.K. Green, “An Investigation of a Hydrogen Fuelled Wankel Engine,” Hydrogen Energy Progress XI, 1601-1610, 1996. Chamberlin, C.E. et al., “Preliminary results of the Schatz fuel cell research project,” Hydrogen Energy Progress X, 1659-1668, 1994. Ciancia, A. et al., “A compressed hydrogen fueled vehicle at ENEA: Status and Development,” Hydrogen Energy Progress X, 1415-1424, 1994. Cleghorn, S. et al., “PEM Fuel Cells for Transportation and Stationary Power Generation Applications,” Hydrogen Energy Progress XI, 1637-1646, 1996. De Geeter, E. et al., “Eureka fuel cell bus demonstration project,” Hydrogen Energy Progress X, 1457-1460, 1994. DeLuchi, M.A., “Hydrogen vehicles: an evaluation of fuel storage, performance, safety, environmental impacts, and cost, “Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 14:81-130, 1989. Digeser, S. et al., “The Intercooled Hydrogen Truck Engine with Early Internal Fuel Injection...,” Hydrogen Energy Progress XI, 1537-1546, 1996. Dönitz, W., “Fuel Cell for Mobile Applications, status, requirements, and future application potential,” Hydrogen Energy Progress XI, 1623-1636, 1996. Dowgiallo, E.J.; A.F. Burke, “Ultracapacitors for electric and hybrid vehicles,” Electric Vehicle Symposium- 19
Page 1 and 2: IEA Agreement on the Production and
Page 3 and 4: 1.0 Introduction This report was co
Page 5 and 6: Memories of the Hindenburg disaster
Page 7 and 8: During the past 5 years, a carbon s
Page 9 and 10: Wetzel (1996) gives a comprehensive
Page 11 and 12: The 11th WHEC shows increasing inte
Page 13 and 14: ! There is higher efficiency at low
Page 15: Some overall observations may be ap
Page 22 and 23: 11, Florence, 1992. Dufour, A.; B.G
Page 24 and 25: Lamy, C; J.-M. Leger, “Les piles
Page 26 and 27: Hydrogen Energy Progress XI, 1569-1
Page 28 and 29: Fischer and Eichert (1995) provide
Page 30 and 31: ! Take cryogenic precautions. ! Det
Page 32 and 33: A1.4 The Challenger Accident Certai
Page 34 and 35: The air on the inlet stroke is ofte
Page 36 and 37: of approach: ! A mechanical/hydraul
Page 38 and 39: y Furahama et al. (1991) for high-p
Page 40 and 41: difficulties must be overcome: ! Hi
Page 42 and 43: Turning finally to the electrical t
Page 44 and 45: The most abundant and accessible hy
Page 46 and 47: more air in the combustion chamber
Page 48 and 49: noticed.... 7. Environmental Impact
Page 50 and 51: 8. Liquid Hydrogen and Hydride Vehi
Page 52 and 53: 8.4 The cost of liquefying hydrogen
Page 54 and 55: tensions and conflict related to im
Page 56 and 57: Proceedings of the 11th World Hydro
Page 58 and 59: Moore, R.B.; V. Raman, “Hydrogen
Page 60 and 61: ! Cryogenic GH 2 is still in the R&
Page 62 and 63: Pizak, V. et al., “Investigations
Page 64 and 65: Initial tests on a representative e
Page 66 and 67: Cleghorn, S., et al., “PEM Fuel C
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