R, ruis, the dwarf elder in Ogham. The rochat, or ... - Rodney Mackay

Celtic theology is embedded in the sixteenth century Cymric
work known as the Barddas. While it is “contaminated” by
Christian beliefs, Rollestan says that it does “speak of an
independent philosophic system.”
Not surprisingly this “druidic” system supposes
antagonistic forces, that of Hu, or God, which is
constructive in intent and result, and that of Cythrawl
(corresponding with Cromm) the principle of destruction
and chaos. Organized life was thought to have arise at the
will of the creator-god, who created the primal substance
of the universe as minute indivisible particles each a
microcosm of the primal god-force. The innermost circle
from which all else sprang was called Annwn in the Welsh
language, and this confers linguistically with An Domhain,
“The Deep.” It was thought that this innermost place was
one of primal life forms all struggling to evolve out of
chaos. Those entities that succeeded were considered to
move to an outer ring of being where life was more
“purified” having attained triumph over darkness and evil.
The third ring of being is termed Infinity, a place inhabited
by god alone. It is predicted that “all shall attain to the
circle of Gwnfyd (White light) at the last.” In Celtic
societies, the mortal god-king, and his queen, were seen as
the “fountain” and the “well” of regenerative spirit, thus
their place at the centre of the community, within a holy
circle which conferred with “The Cauldron of the Deep.”
Stone fortifications were largely “ring-forts,” the
largest representing the belly of Danu or Domnu, smaller
ones being microcosms of the larger, all relating back to
the one source of life within the deep-ocean. There are
currently ruins of ring-forts numbering “from thirty to
thousand individual structures,” in Ireland alone.
The expressions "lios" and "ràth" are usually applied to
earthen forts as opposed to "cathair" and "caiseal", which
are of stone. O’Riordain notes that the simplest ring-fort
consists of a circular space surrounded by a bank and a
fosse, the former built by piling up the debris obtained from