Groundwater HIA post edit - FreshwaterLife

Appendix 2: Test pumping 61
Introduction 61
Types of pumping test 61
Designing a pumping test 62
Interpreting the pumping test 64
References 65
Appendix 3: Karst 66
Introduction 66
What is karst? 66
Karst groundwater systems 67
Hydrogeological impacts in karst groundwater systems 68
Types of carbonate aquifers 69
Prediction of hydrogeological impacts in karst 71
Management of potential hydrogeological impacts in karst ('monitor & mitigate') 72
References 79
Appendix 4: Crystalline rock 81
Introduction 81
Characteristics of crystalline rock aquifers 81
Estimating hydraulic conductivity of crystalline rocks 82
Specific transmissive features 83
Wetlands in crystalline rock terrain 83
HIA in fractured crystalline rocks 84
References 85
Table 4.1 HIA in relation to CAMS and WFD 23
Table 4.2 Default search areas for water features surveys 26
Figure 2.1 The development process for a conceptual model 7
Figure 2.2 Tiered approach to conceptual modelling 9
Figure 2.3 Impact of groundwater abstraction on aquifer discharges 10
Figure 2.4 Catchment zones and zones of influence 12
Figure 3.1 Main locations of karst-prone rocks in England and Wales 20
Figure 4.1 Sketch map of water features 26
Figure 4.2 Sketch map showing potential drawdown impacts 31
Figure 4.3 Parameters for the Thiem-Dupuit equation 32
Figure 4.4 Example of water table threshold requirements for particular plant community 37
Figure 4.5 Peat shrinkage causing ground surface to lower, exposing tree roots 39
vi Science Report – Hydrogeological impact appraisal for groundwater abstractions