AGRICULTURAL VALUe ChAIn FInAnCInG In KenYA

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26 • AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAIN FINANCING IN KENYA: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH DOCUMENTS REVIEWED Autrup, J.L., Schmidt, J., Autrup, H., “Exposure to Aflatoxin B1 in Animal-Feed Production Plant Workers”, (1993), Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 99. Gitau, T., “An Integrated Assessment of Health and Sustainability of a Tropical Highland Agroecosystem”, University of Nairobi, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Ngari, .G. N., “The Role of AKEFEMA in the Growth of the Feeds Industry in Kenya”, Kenya Association of Feed Manufacturers, (2009), AKEFEMA Homepage. Fekagi Investment Consultants, “A Diagnostic Study on the Animal Based Food Industry”, (1998), Ministry of Industrial Development in Collaboration with the Ministry of Planning and National Development. Owen, E., Massawe, N.F., Mtenga, L.A., Ashley, S.D., Holden, S.J., Romney, D.L., “Box-Baling Forage Improves Profitability of Smallholder Milk Producers”, (1999), Project R6619, The Livestock Production Programme, DFID-UK. Karuri, E.E., Mbugua, S.K., Karugia, J., Wanda, K., Jagwe, J., “Marketing Opportunities for Cassava Based Products: An Assessment of the Industrial Potential in Kenya”, (2001), University of Nairobi, Department of Food Science Technology and Nutrition/Foodnet/International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Karanja, A.M., “The Dairy Industry Kenya: The Post Liberalization Agenda” (2003), Working Paper No. 1, Tegemeo Institute, Egerton University. “Introduction and Terms of Reference-Project KEN/86/027” (1991), FAO Corporate Document Repository. “Kenya Food Safety Situation”, (2005), FAO/WHO Regional Conference on Food Safety, Harare Zimbabwe. IGAD Livestock Policy Initiative, “Status and Visibility of Livestock in the National Planning Process”. www.kari.org/Legume_Project/Legume2conf_2000/52.pdf. Broere, W., “Lending a Hand to African Businesses”, (2007), Shell World Magazine. “Livestock Feeds Policy – Draft”, (2008), Ministry of Livestock Development pp. 10. Kiruiro, E.M., Kihanda, F., Okuro, J.O., “Maize Leaves as Fodder: The Potentials for Enhancing Feed Availability on Smallholder Farmers in Kenya”, (2001), Seventh Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Maize Conference, KARI/Embu Regional Research Centre. Odido, M., “Marine Science Country Profiles – Kenya”, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission and Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association. Omaria, R.E., Grimaud, P., Bonnal, L., Bastianelli, D., “Potential of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for Quality Control of Animal Feeds” (2009) AISC Annual International Standards Conference, MAAIF, NARO, CIRAD. Sallam, S.M.A., “Nutritive Value Assessment of the Alternative Feed Resources by Gas Production and Rumen Fermentation In vitro”, (2005), Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 1(2) 200 – 209. “Animal Feeds Sub-Sector: Sector Profile and Opportunities for Private Investment”, (2001), Ministry of Trade and Industry. “Maruca-Resistant Cowpea – Frequently Asked Questions”, www.aatf-africa. org/usersfiles/file/cowpeaFAQ.pdf. “Sweet Potato Production in Kenya”, KARI Githinji, V. Olala, M., Maritim, W., “Feed Milling Industry Survey” (2009), pp. 17, 22, 24, Ministry of Livestock Development and Association of Kenya Feed Manufacturers. Nation Newspaper, January 9, 2009 “Government appeals to feed manufacturers”.
Chapter 7 FISH VALUE CHAIN 7.1 BaCKGROUND AGRICULTURAL VALUE CHAIN FINANCING IN KENYA: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH • 27 Live catch, aquaculture production and processing of fish are important and growing economic activities for Kenya. It is estimated that approximately 900,000 Kenyans are engaged in the various activities characterizing the industry and this number is growing. The most significant single product for the fish industry is Nile Perch (comprising 84% of Kenya’s fish exports in 2002) and that is sourced principally from Lake Victoria. Production from live catch sources is also significant from Lake Turkana, Lake Naivasha and Kenya’s Indian ocean coast. Aquaculture using cold water, warm water and sea based cultivation is growing in importance. 80,000 Kenyans are directly employed in aquaculture and this number is increasing. 800,000 Kenyans are directly employed in live catch fisheries, principally from Lake Victoria, and this figure is also increasing by approximately one percent annually. When considering all Kenyans engaged in handling fish, the total is estimated at 2.1M. I Functioning supply and demand relationships The fish value chain is significant primarily to Lake Victoria, followed by the coast, followed by Lake Turkana and Lake Naivasha. Aquaculture is growing in all areas including existing bodies of water and the sea. Fish contributes about 0.5% to Kenya’s annual GDP or a value of approximately USD 157M. The total market value divided by the number of producers is approximately USD 9,000 annually though much of the value added is captured at higher level segments of the value chain. Recently, both price and volume of Nile perch has been falling and this is attributed to both over fishing and European importers’ preferences shifting to substitutes. Positive governmental attitude toward fishing and fish exports has been a mainstay for many years. The Government continues to promote the sector but tends not to interfere with prices and markets. Local consumption is growing and the fish value chain, particularly aquaculture, is a key component of Governmental food security strategies. Table 6: Key areas of interest and respective weighting - fish value chain Weight Explanation Score 34% a Inputs 2% b Commercialised production 10% c Marketing competition 10% d Number of wholesalers 2% e Diversification of value addition 10% II Economic relevance 10% a Producers versus population 1% 1. Evidence that input supply is competitive = 2% 2. No evidence than input supply is constrained = 1% 3. Evidence that input supply is constrained = 0% 1. Evidence of high-input commercial yields and contract farming = 10% 2. Evidence of high-input commercial yields only = 5% 3. Evidence of contract farming only = 5% 4. Evidence of neither = 0% For each value chain divide the farm-gate price over prevailing terminal market price or export price. Allocate percent scores from 10% to 0% on the basis of this ratio with 10 % going to the highest value and 0% going to the lowest value with results in between rounded to the nearest whole number (1%, 2%, 3%…). 1. Evidence that wholesale marketing is competitive = 2% 2. No evidence that wholesale marketing is competitive = 1% 3. Evidence that wholesale marketing is not competitive = 0% 1. Evidence of many and diverse value adding processes = 10% 2. No evidence of many and diverse value adding processes = 5% 3. Evidence of no meaningful value addition = 0% For each value chain, divide the number of producers over Kenya’s population (39,000,000). Allocate percent scores from 1% to 0% on the basis of this ratio with 1% going to the highest value and 0% going to the lowest value. Round to 1% or 0% to produce score. 0% 10% 6% 2% 10% 0%
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