The Question of Enlightenment - Theory and Practice in Eighteenth ...

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The Question of Enlightenment 46 57 John Lough, “Reflections on Enlightenment and Lumières,” British Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies 8:1 (1985) 1-15, 1. 58 Edward Caird, The Critical Philosophy of Immanuel Kant (Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons, 1889) 69; see also 46-53. For an earlier usage of the term see Caird, Hegel (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1883), which observes that Hegel’s thought evolved from a study of Greek literature “and the so-called Enlightenment of the eighteenth century.” (15). 59 James Hutchison Stirling, The Secret of Hegel, Being the Hegelian System in Origin, Principle, Form, and Matter “New Edition, Carefully Revised” (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1898) xxxii. 60 61 62 Stirling xxvi-xxvii. Stirling xxvii. See, for example, the two uses of "enlightenment" in the continuation of Stirling's attack on Buckle. Stirling discounts Buckle’s praise of German philosophers and suggests that “Mr Buckle’s sanguine expectations, indeed, to find there but mirrors of the same small Enlightenment and Illumination which he himself worshipped, are to be applied, not in determination of Kant and Hegel, but of Mr Buckle himself” (xxxiv). On the next page Stirling, in a jibe aimed at English followers of Darwin, writes “Sink you pedigree as man, and adopt for family-tree a procession of the skeletons of monkeys — then superior enlightenment radiates from your very person …” (xxxv) 63 One of the remaining two uses of "enlightenment" in the Preface employs the term as a synonym for "Illumination" understood as an activity, not a period: “Aufklärung, Illumination, Enlightenment, destroyed Greece; it lowered man from Spirit to Animal …” (lvii). The remaining use of "enlightenment" likewise employs the term to as a name for a process: “When Enlightenment admits at all the necessity of control, the what and how far of this control can be argued out from this necessity — and self-will is abandoned” (liii). In both cases it may be significant that Stirling capitalizes the noun; in the critique of Buckle it is not capitalized. 64 65 Stirling, Secret of Hegel, xvii. For Zollikofer see The German Museum, I (May 1800): 396-403. For the reference to the Berlin Journal see the supplement to Volume I: 590. For other translations of Aufklärung as mental illumination, see I:77, 211,
The Question of Enlightenment 47 304, 392, 435. For a brief discussion of the journal and its editor, J(ames?) Beresford, see Bayard Quincy Morgan and A. R. Hohlfeld, editors, German Literature in British Magazines 1750-1860 (Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 1949) 47-49. 66 67 Moses Mendelssohn, "On Enlightening the Mind," The German Museum II (July 1800): 39-42. For a discussion of Richardson's translations, which — at one time or another — had been wrongly credited to the book’s publisher, William Richardson, to A. F. M. Willich, and to J. S. Beck, see Giuseppe Micheli's introduction to the Thoemmes reprint, xiii-liii. 68 Immanuel Kant, Essays and Treatises on Moral, Political, and Various Philosophical Subjects (London: William Richardson, 1798) [Reprint: Bristol: Thoemmes, 1993] 3. Four decades later Sarah Austin – the wife, and editor, of the English jurist John Austin and member of a circle that included Jeremy Bentham and James Mill – would employ “Enlightenment” in her translation of the essay, but then immediately apologized to the reader for “the use of this very awkward word, which is the exact translation of Aufklärung.” Fragments from German Prose Writers, trans. Sarah Austin (New York: Appleton, 1841) 228. She suggested that a more appropriate title for the article would be “A plea for liberty of philosophizing.” 69 Stats- u. Gelehrte Zeitung Des Hamburgischen unpartheyischen Correspondenten Nr. 71, LXXXI. Stück (May 5, 1741), 4a, cited by Putz, 14. 70 71 72 AA 383 Kant, [62]. Reinhart Koselleck, Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time, translated by Keith Tribe (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1985) 236. 73 Hegel, Werke in zwanzig Bänden, ed. Moldenhauer and Michel (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1970) VII:28 [Philosophy of Right, trans. T.M. Knox (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952) p. 13]. 74 Koselleck, “Begriffsgeschichte and Social History,” in Futures Past 85-6. See the discussions in Richter, The History of Political and Social Concepts 47-8 and Hans Erich Bödeker, “Concept-Meaning-Discourse: Begriffsgeschichte Reconsidered,” in Hampher-Monk, et al., History of Concpets 53-57.
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