Rethinking Decentralization in the Unitary States

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JAPAN ◦ Japan has adopted a two-tiered local administration system consisting of Prefectures and Municipalities. ◦ Consist of 47 Prefectures. But the number of municipality is decreasing: • Great Meiji Consolidation: Village & Town decreased from 71,314 to 15,820; 39 new Cities created. • Great Showa: Village & Town decreased from 9,582 to 2,916; Cities increased from 286 to 556. • Great Heisei: Village & Town decreased from 2,558 to 1,044; Cities increased from 671 to 777. ◦ Japan has changed from a rural to an industrial urbanized society. 40
JAPAN ◦ Degree of decentralization will be given based on 2 indicators: population size AND economic base (employment center). ◦ 3 category of Cities: • Designated Cities (17 till 2007): Cities having populations of 500,000 or more. • Core Cities or Chukaku-shi (37 till 2006): Cities having populations of at least 300,000 but less than 500,000 and land areas of over 100 sq km. • Special Case Cities or Tokurei-shi (39 till 2006): Cities having populations over 200,000. ◦ Asymmetric Decentralization: the bigger the size of population and the economic base of a city, the bigger authority will be transferred by central govt. ◦ Eg: Designated cities are authorized to administer the same level of governmental jurisdiction as prefectures in 19 policy areas. 41
Page 1 and 2: Tri Widodo W. UTOMO Rethinking Dece
Page 3 and 4: Part 1 Understanding Decentralizati
Page 5 and 6: Decentralization & deconcentration
Page 7 and 8: Administrative Decentralization (UN
Page 9 and 10: 5 Typology of Decentralization (Smi
Page 11 and 12: 3 Typology of Decentralization (Bri
Page 13 and 14: Decentralization is a “two-edged
Page 15 and 16: Paradigm of Decentralization (Smith
Page 17 and 18: Centralization - Decentralization
Page 19 and 20: Centralization - Decentralization (
Page 21 and 22: Deconcentration - Decentralization
Page 23 and 24: Continuum of Decon - Decent Fritzen
Page 25 and 26: Centralization / Decon - Decent Int
Page 27 and 28: Country Trends ◦ Myanmar is one
Page 29 and 30: Unitary & Federal States in the Wor
Page 31 and 32: Unitary States vs. Federal States S
Page 33 and 34: Unitary States vs. Federal States A
Page 35 and 36: Unitary States vs. Federal States D
Page 37 and 38: Asymmetrical Decentralization ◦ A
Page 39: JAPAN 39
Page 43 and 44: CHINA 43
Page 45 and 46: CHINA ◦ Asymmetrical decentraliza
Page 47 and 48: FRANCE 47
Page 49 and 50: FRANCE ◦ In 2003-2004, 20 years a
Page 51 and 52: INDONESIA 51
Page 53 and 54: Degree of centralization - decentra
Page 55: INDONESIA ◦ Governor is the Head
Page 58: CONCLUSION ◦ Decentralization has
Page 61 and 62: Cheema, G. Shabbir and Dennis A. Ro
Page 63: Rondinelli, Dennis, 1999, “What i

Rethinking Decentralization in the Unitary States

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