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Tchan: Forensic examination of laser printers and photocopiers using digital image analysis… Figure 12. A comparison of the relative average intensity across the W test pages, left, for 3 adjacent pages; right, their average. analysis of the area variation of the text characters down the page and the average intensity, peak size and area variations of the text characters across the page, Figs. 10–13. Finally, the masking technique was employed, Fig. 7, with the printed page of normal text shown in Figs. 6 and 8 to find differences from the different printing examples, in this case from the HP 4250 printer when the toner cartridge was changed. Figure 14 shows a shallow well or an inverted sharp spike at position 15 for toner cartridge 1 and an inverted sharp spike for toner cartridge 2 at position 14. This result was obtained from a print run of 201. The graphs, Fig. 14, show the results from sheets 1 of 101 and 201. The 306 J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 514/Jul.-Aug. 2007
Tchan: Forensic examination of laser printers and photocopiers using digital image analysis… Figure 13. A comparison of the text character peak intensities across the W test pages. Left, for 3 adjacent pages; right, their average. measurements were also sampled for other sheets in the print run at 20 sheet intervals (numbers 1, 21, 41, 61, 81, 101, 121, 141, 161, 181, and 201 in total) and were 100% consistent in the fact that the inverted sharp spike at position 14 only appears for all print samples from toner cartridge 2 and not at all for toner cartridge 1. CONCLUSIONS The results of the investigation thus far demonstrate the potential of the method for the forensic analysis of print, both in linking a machine to a particular document and to show whether a document has been tampered with. J. Imaging Sci. Technol. 514/Jul.-Aug. 2007 307
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