DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ADOLESCENT AND ADULT MOTHERS ...

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Summary In conclusion, the present study explored parenting in adolescents and adults from 4 to 18 months of age as well as the influence of early parenting on children’s language development at 24 months. Two latent growth curve models displayed good fit: warmth and lack of hostility. Adults displayed higher initial levels of warmth and lower initial levels of hostility in comparison with adolescents. Adults also had slower rates of change in hostility from 4 to 18 months than teens, with teens becoming hostile more quickly than adults. For both teens and adults, prenatal cognitive readiness was related to higher levels of warmth at 4 months, which in turn predicted children’s expressive language at 24 months. Maternal expectations of support from the children’s fathers were associated with lower levels of hostility at 4 months. High expectations were also associated with slower increases in hostility over time. Associations between paternal support and lack of hostility were the same for adolescents and adults. 55
DISCUSSION The present study utilized LGC modeling to explore changes in parenting behavior from 4 to 18 months in a diverse sample of first-time adolescent and adult mothers. Multiple data points and LGC modeling allowed for thorough explorations of the antecedents and consequences of changes in parenting over time, improving upon previous work that has neglected to investigate parenting as a dynamic process. Instead, the majority of past research studies during the 0-3 period have used cross-sectional data or assumed change with only two time points (i.e., Whiteside-Mansell et al., 1996). The present study also employed multi-group comparisons to explore differences between teens and adults. In addition to comparing group means, the method of analysis allowed for an assessment of the strength of relationships among constructs. In sum, the inclusion of sophisticated analytic techniques permitted the investigation of complex questions regarding how parenting processes, such as warmth and hostility, influence children’s language development. Stability and Change in Parenting over Time In the present study adolescents exhibited fewer warmth behaviors than adult mothers when children were 4 months of age, replicating previous findings of decreased levels of warmth and responsiveness from teenaged mothers (Keown et al., 2001; Luster & Vandenbelt, 1999). Although adolescents differed from adults in terms of their initial levels of warmth, both groups were similar in terms of their patterns of warmth behaviors 56
Page 1 and 2:
EARLY PARENTING TRAJECTORIES AND CH
Page 3 and 4:
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION …………
Page 5 and 6:
evaluated between adolescent and ad
Page 7 and 8: for at-risk children may be effecti
Page 9 and 10: Adolescent Parenting and Language D
Page 11 and 12: actively supporting their children
Page 13 and 14: utterances with information or ques
Page 15 and 16: model is not entirely appropriate,
Page 17 and 18: Social support. Another important h
Page 19 and 20: also adult mothers. Consistent with
Page 21 and 22: parenting and child development (Ca
Page 23 and 24: parenting behaviors than teens and
Page 25 and 26: changes over time, the current proj
Page 27 and 28: Design and Procedure The present st
Page 29 and 30: Prenatal Measures Cognitive readine
Page 31 and 32: Parental Warmth. The Parental Warmt
Page 33 and 34: RESULTS The present study utilized
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 3 INTERCORRELATIONS AMONG VAR
Page 37 and 38: teens and 87% of adults indicated t
Page 39 and 40: where all means, variances, and err
Page 41 and 42: the appropriateness of the model wi
Page 43 and 44: Invariance over time with covariate
Page 45 and 46: additional modification was suggest
Page 47 and 48: to vary across groups. Error varian
Page 49 and 50: TABLE 4 MODEL FIT INDICES AND NESTE
Page 51 and 52: for teens and adults, although in c
Page 53 and 54: variance for the intercept factor w
Page 55 and 56: education to the intercept to be eq
Page 57: 4 Month Lack of Hostility 1 1 1 Int
Page 61 and 62: Predictors of Parenting Because pat
Page 63 and 64: children of teens in a delayed rang
Page 65 and 66: in both adolescents and adults, and
Page 67 and 68: Bradley, R. H., Corwyn, R. F., Burc
Page 69 and 70: Fagan, J., & Iglesias, A. (2000). T
Page 71 and 72: Lacroix, V., Pomerleau, A., & Malcu
Page 73 and 74: Pascoe, J. M., & French, J. (1990).
Page 75 and 76: Zimmerman, I. L., Steiner, V. G., &
Page 77: Parent talks to child while doing h
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ADOLESCENT AND ADULT MOTHERS ...

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