Buck Island Reef National Monument Geologic Resources Inventory

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Buck Island Reef National Monument U.S. Virgin Islands National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Overview of Digital Benthic Habitat Data for Buck Island Reef NM CARIBBEAN SEA BUCK ISLAND REEF NM BOUNDARY SALT RIVER BAY NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK AND ECOLOGICAL PRESERVE CHRISTIANSTED NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE BUCK ISLAND ST. CROIX This figure is an overview of compiled digital geologic data. It is not a substitute for site-specific investigations. Minor inaccuracies may exist regarding the location of geologic features relative to other geologic or geographic features on the figure. Based on the source map scale (1:6,000) and U.S. National Map Accuracy Standards, geologic features represented here are within 3 meters /10 feet (horizontally) of their true location. This figure was prepared as part of the NPS Geologic Resources Division’s Geologic Resources Inventory. The source map used in creation of the digital geologic data product was: Kendall, M.S., M.E. Monaco, K.R. Buja, J.D. Christensen, C.R. Kruer, and M, Finkbeiner, R.A. Warner. 1999. Benthic Habitat Map of the U.S. Virgin Islands-St. Croix; Prepared by Visual Interpretation from Remote Sensing Imagery Collect by NOAA in 1999 (scale 1:6,000). Digital geologic data and cross sections for Buck Island Reef National Monument, and all other digital geologic data prepared as part of the Geologic Resources Inventory, are available online at the NPS Integrated Resource Management Applications Portal (IRMA): https://irma.nps.gov/ App/Reference/Search. (Enter “GRI” as the search text and select Buck Island Reef National Monument from the unit list.) NPS Boundary Coral Reef and Colonized Hardbottom, Reef/Scattered Coral-Rock, rscr Submerged Vegetation, Seagrass/Patchy/10-30%, sgp1 0 1 2 3 Kilometers Miles 0 1 2 3 North CARIBBEAN SEA St. Croix Benthic Habitats Coral Reef and Colonized Hardbottom, Reef/Colonized Bedrock, rcb Coral Reef and Colonized Hardbottom, Reef/Colonized Pavement with Channels, rcpc Coral Reef and Colonized Hardbottom, Reef/Colonized Pavement, rcp Coral Reef and Colonized Hardbottom, Reef/Linear Reef, rlr Coral Reef and Colonized Hardbottom, Reef/Patch Reef (Aggregated), rpra Coral Reef and Colonized Hardbottom, Reef/Patch Reef (Individual), rpri Coral Reef and Colonized Hardbottom, Reef/Spur and Groove Reef, rsgr Other Delineations, Artificial, a Other Delineations, Mangrove, m Other Delineations, Land, l Other Delineations, Unknown, u Submerged Vegetation, Macroalgae/Patchy/10-50%, map1 Submerged Vegetation, Macroalgae/Patchy/50-90%, map2 Submerged Vegetation, Seagrass/Continuous, sgc Submerged Vegetation, Seagrass/Patchy/30-50%, sgp2 Submerged Vegetation, Seagrass/Patchy/50-70%, sgp3 Submerged Vegetation, Seagrass/Patchy/70-90%, sgp4 Uncolonized Hardbottom, Hardbottom/Reef Rubble, hbrr Uncolonized Hardbottom, Hardbottom/Uncolonized Bedrock, hbub Uncolonized Hardbottom, Hardbottom/Uncolonized Pavement, hbup Unconsolidated Sediments, Mud, mu Unconsolidated Sediments, Sand, s Produced by the Geologic Resources Inventory September 2011
Map Unit Properties Table: Buck Island Reef National Monument Gray-shaded rows indicate units not mapped within Buck Island Reef National Monument. *MMU = minimum mapping unit, which is 0.4 ha (1 ac) at a scale of 1:6,000 (Kendall et al. 1999). Geologic units mapped as “land (l)” on benthic habitat layer. Age Map Unit (Symbol) Submerged Vegetation Continuous Seagrass, ≥90% (sgc) Submerged Vegetation Patchy Seagrass, 10%–30% (sgp1) Geologic Description Geologic Issues Geologic Features and Processes Submerged Vegetation: Greater than 10% cover of submerged vegetation in unspecified substrate type (usually sand, mud, or hardbottom). Continuous Seagrass: Seagrass covering 90% or more of the substrate. May include blowouts of less than 10% of the total area that are too small to be mapped independently, less than the minimum mapping unit (MMU*). This includes continuous beds of any shoot density (may be a continuous sparse or dense bed). Submerged Vegetation: See description above. Patchy Seagrass: Discontinuous seagrass with breaks in coverage that are too diffuse or irregular, or result in isolated patches of seagrass that are too small (smaller than the MMU*) to be mapped as continuous seagrass (sgc). Damage by boat anchorage and vessel groundings. Physical baffling of sediment. Damage by boat anchorage and vessel groundings. Physical baffling of sediment. Habitat with 10% or more cover of Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule wrightii, Halophila baillonis, or some combination thereof. Habitat for juvenile queen conch (Strombus gigas) and Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). Habitat with 10% or more cover of Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule wrightii, Halophila baillonis, or some combination thereof. Habitat for juvenile queen conch (Strombus gigas) and Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). Geologic History and Park Connections Part of the Holocene reef system. Part of the Holocene reef system. Submerged Vegetation Patchy Seagrass, 30%–50% (sgp2) Submerged Vegetation: See description above. Patchy Seagrass: See description above. Damage by boat anchorage and vessel groundings. Physical baffling of sediment. Habitat with 10% or more cover of Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule wrightii, Halophila baillonis, or some combination thereof. Habitat for juvenile queen conch (Strombus gigas) and Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). Part of the Holocene reef system. QUATERNARY (Holocene) Benthic Habitats Submerged Vegetation Patchy Seagrass, 50%–70% (sgp3) Submerged Vegetation Patchy Seagrass, 70%–90% (sgp4) Submerged Vegetation Patchy Macroalgae, 10%–50% (map1) Submerged Vegetation Patchy Macroalgae, 50%–90% (map2) Mangrove (m) Submerged Vegetation: See description above. Patchy Seagrass: See description above. Submerged Vegetation: See description above. Patchy Seagrass: See description above. Submerged Vegetation: See description above. Patchy Macroalgae: Discontinuous macroalgae with breaks in coverage that are too diffuse or irregular, or result in isolated patches of macroalgae that are too small (smaller than MMU*) to be mapped as continuous algae. Submerged Vegetation: See description above. Patchy Macroalgae: See description above. Emergent habitat composed of red, black, or white mangroves, or some combination thereof. Mangroves must be part of an open tidal system to be mapped. This habitat type is found only in the shoreline/intertidal, back reef, or barrier reef crest zone. Damage by boat anchorage and vessel groundings. Physical baffling of sediment. Damage by boat anchorage and vessel groundings. Physical baffling of sediment. Stabilizes sediment but can be disrupted during storm events. Stabilizes sediment but can be disrupted during storm events. Generally found in areas sheltered from high-energy waves, but hurricane winds can damage. Habitat with 10% or more cover of Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule wrightii, Halophila baillonis, or some combination thereof. Habitat for juvenile queen conch (Strombus gigas) and Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). Habitat with 10% or more cover of Thalassia testudinum, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule wrightii, Halophila baillonis, or some combination thereof. Habitat for juvenile queen conch (Strombus gigas) and Caribbean spiny lobster (Panulirus argus). An area with 10% or greater coverage of any combination of numerous species of red, green, or brown macroalgae. Usually occurs in deeper waters on the bank/shelf zone. Representative Species: Caulerpa spp., Dictyota spp., Halimeda spp., Lobophora variegata, Laurencia spp. An area with 10% or greater coverage of any combination of numerous species of red, green, or brown macroalgae. Usually occurs in deeper waters on the bank/shelf zone. Representative Species: Caulerpa spp., Dictyota spp., Halimeda spp., Lobophora variegata, Laurencia spp. Representative Species: Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germinans, Laguncularia racemose Part of the Holocene reef system. Part of the Holocene reef system. Part of the Holocene reef system. Part of the Holocene reef system. None within the national monument. BUIS Geologic Resources Inventory Report 37
Page 1 and 2: National Park Service U.S. Departme
Page 3 and 4: Buck Island Reef National Monument
Page 5 and 6: Contents List of Figures ..........
Page 7 and 8: Executive Summary This report accom
Page 9 and 10: Introduction The following section
Page 11 and 12: Figure 2. Location map for Buck Isl
Page 13: Figure 5. Haystacks. Patch reefs co
Page 16 and 17: generation of tropical storms and h
Page 18 and 19: Island lagoon, which grow there, wo
Page 20 and 21: The hurricane season runs from late
Page 22 and 23: Figure 6. Major oceanographic curre
Page 24 and 25: Figure 10. Beach sand at Turtle Bay
Page 26 and 27: Table 1. Storm history at Buck Isla
Page 28 and 29: limestone, record the existence of
Page 30 and 31: communications, September 20, 2011)
Page 32 and 33: Figure 15. Uncolonized and colonize
Page 34 and 35: Figure 20. Scattered coral or rock
Page 36 and 37: (Pliocene) years ago (Gill et al. 1
Page 38 and 39: Figure 23. Reef development around
Page 41 and 42: Geologic Map Data This section summ
Page 43: Buck Island Reef National Monument
Page 47 and 48: Gray-shaded rows indicate units not
Page 49: Gray-shaded rows indicate units not
Page 52 and 53: epidote. A yellow-green, pistachio-
Page 54 and 55: tuff. Generally fine-grained, igneo
Page 56 and 57: Gill, I. P., D. K. Hubbard, P. P. M
Page 58 and 59: National Park Service. 1984. Buck I
Page 61 and 62: Additional References This section
Page 63 and 64: The Department of the Interior prot

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