A bubble curtain model applied in chlorate electrolysis

Table of contents
Chapter 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1
Chapter 2. Chlorate cell ..................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Wanted reactions ........................................................................................................................... 2
2.2 Parasitic reactions .......................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter 3. Goal ................................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 4. Two-phase flow in an electrode gap .................................................................................. 4
4.1 Chlorate electrolyte ........................................................................................................................ 4
4.2 Hydrogen formation and superficial gas velocity ............................................................................. 6
4.3 Bubble formation ............................................................................................................................ 8
4.4 Concentration boundary layer and minimum bubble ..................................................................... 11
4.5 Bubble growth and coalescence ................................................................................................... 14
4.6 Terminal velocity and bubble shape.............................................................................................. 16
4.7 Gas voidage ................................................................................................................................. 19
4.8 Conductivity and mass transfer .................................................................................................... 21
4.9 Electrode kinetics ......................................................................................................................... 22
4.9.1 Nernst and Tafel equation ...................................................................................................... 22
4.9.2 Equations governing cell potential .......................................................................................... 23
4.10 Dissolving time of a small bubble................................................................................................ 27
4.11 Hydrogen Transport ................................................................................................................... 31
Chapter 5. Experimental .................................................................................................................. 33
5.1 Equipment.................................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Procedure .................................................................................................................................... 35
5.3 Results and discussion ................................................................................................................. 37
Chapter 6. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 40
Chapter 7. Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 41
Chapter 8. Addendum ...................................................................................................................... 42
Risk analysis ...................................................................................................................................... 42
Chapter 9. References ..................................................................................................................... 45
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