REED COLLEGE SCIENCE OUTREACH PROPERTIES OF MATTER

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10 Lesson Two- What is Matter? Objectives o Students will learn that matter is made up of atoms & molecules. o Students will learn that there are many kinds of atoms that give matter its unique properties. o Students will learn that atoms can form bonds with other atoms to form molecules with new properties. Lesson Background— Atoms and Molecules So far students have learned that the world is made up of matter and that different types of matter that have different properties. Today students will learn that matter is made up of atoms and molecules. Matter is made up of tiny atoms that are too small for us to see even with an optical microscope (although there are electron microscopes that allow us to see them). Atoms are measured in Angstroms, which are 1/10,000,000,000 of a meter (very, very small). There are many types of atoms, each with their own properties, which is why there are so many types of matter. Each different type of atom is called an element. Right now scientists have discovered 118 different types of elements (and they continue to discover new ones). Scientists have made a chart of the elements called the periodic table of elements. This table contains important information about the atoms. Even though atoms are very small, they are made up of even smaller parts. Atoms consist of a nucleus, which is made up of tiny little particles called protons and neutrons. Protons are very important. Some atoms have many protons and others only have a few. Each element has a specific number of protons and they help to determine the element’s unique
11 properties. The periodic table tells you how many protons each element has. Around the nucleus are other particles called electrons. Atoms usually (but not always) have the same number of neutrons and electrons as protons. Electrons are also very important particles. Most atoms don’t like to be alone. They like to interact with other atoms. When atoms interact, the atoms’ electrons form a bond that holds the atoms together. These bonded atoms form a bigger piece of matter called a molecule. Molecules can be made up of all one kind of atom (like oxygen gas—02) or more than one kind of atom (like water—H20). Often molecules form new types of matter that have completely new properties (i.e. water vs. very flammable H2 or O2). Because atoms and molecules are so small, many people, including scientists, build models to better understand something that can be difficult to picture. Chemistry students often use molecular models when they’re learning about how molecules behave and computer-generated models are used in research as well. Today we will learn about some common molecules using models. Activity overview Today, students will use models to build molecules. The exercise will help emphasize how different types of molecules form bonds to create molecules. Be sure to emphasize the changes in properties that molecules undergo when they form new molecules.
Page 1 and 2: REED COLLEGE SCIENCE OUTREACH SPRIN
Page 3 and 4: 3 Table of Contents Table of Conten
Page 5 and 6: 5 April 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 Week 7 7 Wee
Page 7 and 8: 7 Week Three Activity Overview Toda
Page 9: 9 8. Pass a small sample of fruit j
Page 13 and 14: 13 like to form a certain number of
Page 15 and 16: 15 Lesson Plan Review & Introductio
Page 17 and 18: 17 sample fruit that you prepared.
Page 19 and 20: 19 Lesson Four- Exploring Magnetism
Page 21 and 22: 21 8. Finally, have students remove
Page 23 and 24: 23 pH Scale & Cabbage Color Changes
Page 25 and 26: 25 11. Have students test the first
Page 27 and 28: 27 Materials o Goggles and Gloves o
Page 29 and 30: 29 Lesson Seven- What is a Chemical
Page 31 and 32: 31 Chemical Reaction Experiment (30
Page 33 and 34: 33 Materials o Goggles and gloves o

REED COLLEGE SCIENCE OUTREACH PROPERTIES OF MATTER

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