REED COLLEGE SCIENCE OUTREACH PROPERTIES OF MATTER

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6 Lesson One- Exploring States of Matter Objectives o Students will begin to learn about matter and some of matter’s properties. o Students will learn about the three most common states of matter and observe changes between the three states of matter. Lesson Background- The Three States of Matter For the next eight weeks we will be studying a few of the basic chemical and physical properties of matter. Each lesson will focus on a different property of matter. o What is matter? Matter is everything in the world that takes up space and has mass. Matter makes up everything in the world and there are many different kinds of matter. These different types of matter have different properties. Today students will begin to explore one of the fundamental physical properties of matter. Students will learn that matter on Earth exists in one of three states: solid, liquid, or gas (matter also can take the form of plasma, but temperatures are usually too cool on Earth for plasma to form). Each state has specific physical characteristics. • Solids hold a particular shape. • Liquids have no particular shape of their own. They take the shape of the container they are poured into. • Gasses expand or contract to fill the space of whatever container holds them, whether it is a balloon or a room. When a substance changes from one phase to another, heat energy is either emitted or absorbed. The processes of changing phases are: • Melting-going from a solid to a liquid (heat energy in) • Freezing-going from a liquid to a solid (heat energy out) • Evaporation- going from a liquid to a gas (heat energy in), • Condensation-going from a gas to a liquid (heat energy out) • Sublimation-going from a solid to a gas (heat energy in) • Deposition- going from a gas to a solid (heat energy out)
7 Week Three Activity Overview Today’s activity will begin with a demonstration to introduce students to some of the properties of matter that they will learn about this spring. In front of the class you will drop a piece of dry ice into a graduated cylinder full of cabbage juice. The juice will begin to bubble violently as the dry ice sublimates producing a carbon dioxide gas (here you can review states of matter). The CO2 will slowly react with the water to form a weak carbonic acid, which will cause the cabbage juice to change colors (signs of a chemical reaction as the pH changes). Students will learn more about the changes that they observe in this demonstration later in the semester. For the rest of the lesson, the students will explore freezing points and changes in the states of matter by making homemade sorbet (sorbet will be made rather than ice-cream because of allergy concerns). Demo Materials o Graduated cylinder o Tray Activity Materials o Gloves o Ziplock bags, fruit juice, rock salt, & ice cubes (for freezing experiment) o Cabbage juice o Dry ice pieces o Cups, spoons, napkins for serving sorbet Lesson Plan Introduction to Matter (5-10 Minutes): Note: Remember to leave some time to remind students of your names (or to introduce yourself if you are new) and to point out the question box. 1. On the overhead, point out the first word on the students’ “Science Toolbox”: matter. Tell students that matter is the scientific word for all the stuff that makes the universe. Tell the students that there are many different types of matter and that these different types of matter have different types of properties. Ask students if they can think of different properties in the matter they see around them (i.e. my pencil lead is grey, my desk is smooth, my book is heavy, etc.). 2. Tell students that today we are going to learn about another very important property: the states of matter. Ask students if they can remember the three states. List the states on the overhead, and then ask the students to describe the characteristics of the three states.
Page 1 and 2: REED COLLEGE SCIENCE OUTREACH SPRIN
Page 3 and 4: 3 Table of Contents Table of Conten
Page 5: 5 April 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 Week 7 7 Wee
Page 9 and 10: 9 8. Pass a small sample of fruit j
Page 11 and 12: 11 properties. The periodic table t
Page 13 and 14: 13 like to form a certain number of
Page 15 and 16: 15 Lesson Plan Review & Introductio
Page 17 and 18: 17 sample fruit that you prepared.
Page 19 and 20: 19 Lesson Four- Exploring Magnetism
Page 21 and 22: 21 8. Finally, have students remove
Page 23 and 24: 23 pH Scale & Cabbage Color Changes
Page 25 and 26: 25 11. Have students test the first
Page 27 and 28: 27 Materials o Goggles and Gloves o
Page 29 and 30: 29 Lesson Seven- What is a Chemical
Page 31 and 32: 31 Chemical Reaction Experiment (30
Page 33 and 34: 33 Materials o Goggles and gloves o

REED COLLEGE SCIENCE OUTREACH PROPERTIES OF MATTER

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