Air Commando!: 1950-1975 - Twenty-five years at the Tip ... - AFSOC

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ENDNOTES "Rabbits" and Napalm: Agent Insertions and the C-47 "Bomber" 1. USAF Oral History Interview (#K239.0512-1716), Brig. Gen. Harry C. Aderholt, 12-15 Aug., 1986, p. 53, classified SECRET. Published passages declassified at request of author by SEA War Records Review Declassification Team, USAF Historical Research Center, Maxwell AFB, Ala., on 6 Jan. 1994. Hereafter cited as "Aderholt." 2. Author's telephone interviews with and notes written by Mr. Bob Brewer, assigned to FECOM-LD during the period described. 3. Aderholt, p. 32. 4. Loudspeakers in Korea," in Arc Lieht. Vol X, No. 2, p. 2, April 1994. Arc Lieht is published by the Air Resupply & Communications Association, a Korean War Veterans group. The Pentagon's "Aerial Resupply & Communications Wings" 5. Maj. James Marchio, USAF, "Casualties of the Cold War: 'Operation Think' and the Air Resupply Communications Service, in Arc Lieht, (ARCS Newsletter) July 1993, p. 2. Also see Arc Lieht, January 1989, p.5. 6. Ibid. 7. The authors are indebted to Mr. Carl H. Bernhardt, and Colonel Robert W. Fish (USAF, ret) for lengthy conversations and mail correspondence pertaining to AR&CS and the Carpetbaggers. Colonel Bernhardt is editor of Arc Lieht, and historian for the Resupply and Communications Association. Colonel Fish commanded the 492nd Bomb Group in World War II and the 582nd ARCW at Mountain Home AFB, Idaho, and Great Falls AFB, Montana. 8. Ibid. 9. Ibid. 10. Ibid. 11. Arc Lieht, October, 1992, p. 7. 12. Ibid. 13. Stephen E. Pease, Psywar: Psychological Warfare in Korea, 1950- 1953, (Harrisburg, PA: STACKPOLE BOOKS, 1992), pp. 31-32. Hereafter cited as "Pease". 14. "A Report from Our Detachment at K-16," Arc Lieht, July, 1993, p. 6. 15. Ibid. 16. Wallace L. Brown, The Endless Hours: My Two And A Half Years As A Prisoner Of The Chinese Communists, (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1961), p. 9. Hereafter cited as "Brown". Wallace Brown, then a young lieutenant on his first combat mission, was copilot aboard Stardust Four Zero. 17. Ibid., pp. 10-11. 18. Ibid., pp. 227-236. See also Pease, p. 84. 19. Brown, pp. 252-254. 20. "The Story Continues," Arc Lieht, July, 1991, pp. 2-3. 21. 1993 Interview (Robinson) with Mr. Carlos Branch, former USAF flight engineer with both the 58 1st and its successor, the 322nd TCS. The Night Shift: These Helicopters had a Different Mission 22. Author's telephone interviews (April, May, 1994) and memoirs provided by then Lieutenant Robert Sullivan. Corroboration provided by then Lieutenant Frank Fabijan and Captain Joseph Barrett, assigned with Lt Sullivan during this period. 23. One USAF file photo of the "McConnell rescue" can be found in Larry Davis' MIG ALLEY, Air to Air Combat Over Korea, (Squadron/ Signal Publications, 1978), p. 57. 24. Memoirs of Lt Sullivan, p. 82. On the Roof of the World: With the "Bandits" in Tibet 25 Clay Blair, The FORGOTTEN WAR, America in Korea, 1950- 1953, (New York: Times Books, 1987), p. 975. 26. Michel Peissel, The Secret War in Tibet, (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1973), p. 105. 27. Aderholt, pp. 65, 66. Also: December 1993 personal interview (Haas) with Gen. Aderholt (ret), Fort Walton Beach, Fl. 28. Author's 20 January 1994 interview with Det 2 mission planner (Planner's name withheld at individual's request). 29. Christopher Robbins, Air America, The Story of the CIA's Secret Airlines, (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1979), p. 84. 30. Author's 20 Jan 94 interview with Det 2 mission planner. 31. John Prados, President's SECRET WARS, (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1986), p. 158. 32. Colonel L. Fletcher Prouty, (USAF, ret), JFK. The CIA, Vietnam, and The Plot to Assassinate John F. Kennedy (New York: Carol Publishing Group, 1992), pp. 95-96. (See also: Prados, pp. 148, 158 for description of OSO). 33. Prados, p. 158. 34. Author's 20 Jan 94 interview with Det 2 mission planner. See also: Keven M Generous, VIETNAM, The Secret War (New York: Gallery Books, 1985), p. I 08. 35. Ibid. 36. Ibid. See also: Prados, p. 158. 37. Author's 20 Jan 94 interview with Det 2 mission planner. 38. Prados, p. 158. 39. Author's 20 Jan 94 interview with Det 2 mission planner. 40. Prados, p. 163. 41. Ibid., p. 162. 42. Ibid., p. 166. Bahia de Cochinos: With the Alabama Air National Guard over Cuba 43. "Taylor Committee Report" published in Operation ZAPATA, The "Ultrasensitive" Report and Testimony of the Board of Inquiry on the Bay of Pigs, (Frederick, Maryland: University Publications of America, Inc., 1981). 44. David Atlee Phillips, The NIGHT WATCH, 25 Years of Peculiar Service, (New York: ATHENEUM, 1977), p. 110. 45. Taylor Committee Report, pp. 70, 72. 46. Prados, pp. 184-185. 47. Ibid. 48. Aderholt, p. 84. 49. Ibid., p. 85 50. Ibid., pp. 83-84. 51. Peter Wyden, Bay of Pigs, The Untold Story, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1979), p. 236. Also: Author's 14 February, 1994 interview with Lt Col Joseph Shannon (USAF, ret) in Birmingham, Alabama. 52. Taylor Committee Report, p. 26. 53. Wyden, p. 237. 54. Wyden, p. 163. 106 lr t
55. Prados, p. 206. 56. Wyden, p. 299. The War That Didn't Happen: With the Green Berets in Iran 57. Richard Secord, with Jay Wurts, Honored and Betrayed, (New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1986), p. 50. In the Beginning: How it All Started, Again 58. John Hawkins Napier, III, "The Air Commandos in Vietnam, November 5, 1961 to February 7, 1965", a Graduate Thesis submitted to Auburn University, 16 March 1967, p. 64. (USAF Historical Research Center Call#: Kll2.2-ll) Hereafter cited as "Napier". 59. Business Week, Sept 8, 1962, pp. 167-168, as extracted from the Napier Research Paper, pp. 103-104. 60. Napier, p. 64. 61. Napier, p. 68. 62. James L. Cole, Jr., "USAF Special Operations Forces: Past, Present, and Future," extracted in part from AEROSPACE HISTORIAN, December, 1980. 63. Carl Berger, ed., The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia, 1961-1973, (Washington DC: Office of Air Force History, 1984), p. 26. 64. Napier, p. 101. 65. Napier, quoting Air Force Times, May 19 and 26, 1962. 66. Ibid., June 9, 1962. 67. Napier, p. 110. 68. Ibid., p. Ill. 69. Ibid. 70. Unpublished Background Paper, "History of USAF Special Operations Forces," USAF Special Operations School (TAC), 5 Sep 82, p. 2. 71. Napier, p. 197. 72. Ibid., p. 196. 73. lbid.,p. l97. 74. Ibid., p. 3. Chaophakaow! "Water Pump's" Secret Little School 75 Aderholt, p. 153. See also: Kevin M Generous, VIETNAM, The Secret War, (New York: Gallery Books, 1985), p. 130. 76. Berger, p. 122. 77. Aderholt, p. 154. 78. Ibid. See also: Robert B. Asprey, War in the Shadows, (Boston: Boston Publishing Company, 1988), p. 117. 79. Aderholt, p. 155. 80. Ibid., p. 98. 81 . Jane Hamilton-Merritt, TRAGIC MOUNTAINS, The Hmong, the Americans, and the SECRET WARS for Laos, 1942-1992, ((Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1993), p. 153. 82. Ibid. 83. Ibid. The Singing Butterfly: Combat Controllers in Laos 84. Author's interview with Mr. Charlie Jones, 23 March 1994, Ft. Walton Beach, Fla. 85. Ibid. 86. Generous, p. 130. 87. Author's interview review of USAF FORM 5 (Flight Log) of Mr. Charlie Jones, 23 March 1994 88. Christopher Robbins, THE RAVENS, The men who flew in America's secret war in Laos, (New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1987), p. 49. 89. Aderholt, p. 130. 90. Ibid. Tigers and Eagles: The Propeller vs. Jet Controversy 91. Project CHECO Report (SECRET), Lucky Tiger Combat Operations, 15 June 1967, HQ PACAF, Directorate, Tactical Evaluation, CHECO Division, Prepared by Mr. Warren A. Trest. DECLASSIFIED iaw SAF/AAZD 25 Oct 91; HQ USAFHRA, Maxwell AFB, AI, p. 7. 92. Ibid., p. 21. 93. Ibid., p. 22. 94. CHECO Report, p. 25. 95. Msg JCS to CINCPAC, subj : The Use of Propeller and Jet Aircraft in Laos, DTG 201740Z Dec 67, in Jack S. Ballard, The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia, Development of Fixed-Wing Gunships 1962-1972 (Office of Air Force History, 1982), p. Ill. 96. CHECO Report, p. 42. 97. Ibid. 98. Aderholt, p. 189 Fighting with the Heart: Civic Action in Thailand 99. "Lessons Learned," a report by Capt. Daniel W. Jacobowitz, Chief, Military Civic Action, Hq 56th Combat Support Group (PACAF) in response to request for same from l3AF ADVON/CA Msg 22/0910Z Jan 75, p.4. Hereafter cited as Jacobowitz." 100. Staff Agency Monthly Activity Summary for November 1974, Captain August G. Jannarone, Base Military Civic Action Officer, Korat RTAFB, Thailand, dated 9 December 1974. 101. Ibid. p. 3. l 02. Ibid. p. 4. 103. Jacobowitz, p. 17. Ranch Hand: Defoliant Operations in SEA l 04. William A. Buckingham, Operation Ranch Hand: The Air Force and Herbicides in Southeast Asia, 1961-1971 , (Washington D.C.: Office of Air Force History, United States Air Force, 1982). "Puff the Magic Dragon" AC-47 Gunships Spit Fire 105 Napier, p. 140. 106. Ibid., pp. 139-140. 107. Ibid., p. 141. 108. Ibid. 109. JackS. Ballard, The United States Air Force in Southeast Asia, "Development and Employment of Fixed-Wing Gunships: 1962-1972," (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1982), p. 8. 110. Ibid., pp. 13-14. Ill. Ibid., p. 14. 112. Napier, p. 151. 113. Ibid., p. 28. 107
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AIR COMMANDO! 1950-1975: Twenty-fiv
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CONTENTS Acknowledgements •••
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In special tribute to Brigadier Gen
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FOREWORD From their inception as "A
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American Air Force and Army officer
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By attacking at extremely low altit
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THE PENTAGON's "Air Resupply & Comm
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Tough and fiercely anti-communist S
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Manchuria Sea of Japan ChoDo-~, Isl
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Painting "Air Resupply" on the side
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As dangerous as the night missions
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Taking off from Cho-do in the early
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ON THE RooF oF THE WoRLD With the "
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With all USAF markings removed, Civ
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BAHIA DE CocHINos With the Alabama
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The next day Somoza's son flew with
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2 airstrikes as a tactic to mask U.
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And finally, where the American Gre
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_ -THE INDOCIITNA WAR 41
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The commandos' mission is to provid
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The early days in South Vietnam. A
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CHAOPHAKAOW! A Bhuddist monk blesse
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Det 6's (Water Pump) crudely-made s
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THE STINGING BUTTERFLY Combat Contr
Page 55 and 56: fighters and their targets, someone
Page 57 and 58: The phase-out of the Butterfly FACs
Page 59 and 60: Thailand's northeastern border with
Page 61 and 62: The Air Commando base at Nakhon Pha
Page 64 and 65: FIGHTING WITH THE HEART Apparently
Page 66 and 67: differences, profiteering, local po
Page 68: RANCH HAND I nearly November, 1961,
Page 71: target area, one of the twin-engine
Page 74 and 75: The smoking ruins of a government f
Page 76: From inside "Puff the Magic Dragon"
Page 81 and 82: lit up the drop zone like a night S
Page 83 and 84: PREDATOR AC-130s Prowl the Ho Chi M
Page 85 and 86: sampans sighted, nine were destroye
Page 87 and 88: that would destroy anything on the
Page 89 and 90: equest for 25 twin-engine, single-r
Page 91 and 92: were transferred to the 21st Specia
Page 93 and 94: May Day! Moments before, this singl
Page 95 and 96: With the arrival of the initial Far
Page 97: The Air Commandos also took PSYWAR
Page 100 and 101: AIR CoMMANDos ABovE AND BEYOND THE
Page 102 and 103: een twenty days. Fisher made the sn
Page 104 and 105: exact posttton. Then he spotted som
Page 108 and 109: 114. Ibid., p. 37 115. Ibid. 116. I
Page 110 and 111: BIOGRAPHICAL NoTE CoLONEL MICHAEL E
Page 112: • ··,··. 911 • . ,• • H
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