Petrology and Cu-Ni-PGE Mineralization of the Bovine Igneous ...

Petrology and Cu-Ni-PGE Mineralization of the Bovine Igneous Complex, Baraga
County, Northern Michigan
A THESIS
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL
OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
BY
Daniel Jay Foley
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
MASTER OF SCIENCE}
James D. Miller
July 2011

© Daniel Foley 2011

Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Jim Miller, for all the help, guidance,
patience, support, and encouragement he has given through the entirety of this project.
Without his help I would have would never have completed this work. I would also like
to thank Kennecott Eagle Minerals for the great opportunity to work on the BIC and for
funding the analytical costs of this project. I thank Andrew Ware and Dean Rossell for
all of the help, support, and insight they gave while I worked on this project. I would
also like to thank Kayla Ricksham and my family and friends for their encouragement
and constant reminders to get to school and keep working. Lastly I would like to thank
all of the others who have supported or helped me in some way while I worked on this
thesis.
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Abstract
The Bovine Igneous Complex (BIC), located 8 kilometers southeast of the town
of L’anse, Michigan, is a small basin-shaped mafic/ultramafic intrusion emplaced in the
southwestern part of the Paleoproterozoic Baraga Basin. Although age dating of the BIC
intrusion has so far been unsuccessful, the intrusion was very likely emplaced during the
early magmatic stage of Midcontinent Rift development, given its similarities to other
mineralized early stage intrusions, such as Tamarack and Eagle. Targeted by Kennecott
as a Cu-Ni-PGE prospect, the intrusion has undergone extensive exploration drilling
since 1995. To date, the intrusion has been found to be only weakly to moderately
mineralized with Cu-Ni-PGE sulfides. Metal tenors provided by initial drilling averaged
less than .5% Cu and Ni, and less than 350 ppb Pt and Pd (Rossell, 2008). Preliminary
evaluation of field mapping, core logging and geochemical data by Rossell (2008)
interpreted the intrusion to be a layered ultramafic/mafic body with an igneous
stratigraphy composed of a basal wehrlite, overlain by a clinopyroxenite, and capped by a
gabbro.
This study was undertaken to further refine the igneous stratigraphy of the BIC,
specifically its phase layering and cryptic variation, toward the goal of better
understanding its emplacement, crystallization, and mineralization history. For this
study, two drill cores (BIC01-01 and 08BIC-044) that profile the BIC were investigated
for their petrographic attributes, cryptic mineral compositions, and whole rock
lithochemistry. In addition, a detailed (1:6,000) re-mapping of the BIC was conducted.
This study has found that the lithostratigraphy of the main intrusion is generally
similar to that found by Rossell (2008), but when mineral modes and textures are factored
in, the cumulate stratigraphy of the BIC is found to progresses from an olivine cumulate
with intercumulus augite and plagioclase (feldspathic wehrlite unit), to an augite+olivine
cumulate with intercumulus plagioclase (feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite unit), to an
augite+oxide±olivine cumulate with intercumulus plagioclase (oxide clinopyroxenite
unit), and finally, a plagioclase+augite+oxide cumulate (oxide gabbro unit) at the top.
Complimenting this cumulate phase layering is a smooth cryptic variation of upward
decreasing mg# in olivine and augite composition.
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While this cumulate stratigraphy of Ol Ol + Aug Ol + Aug + Ox Aug +
Pl + Ox – Ol Aug + Pl + Ox is evident in the field exposures and in the BIC01-01 drill
core, a lower ultramafic zone was discovered in the longer 08BIC-044 core. This lower
ultramafic zone is composed of feldspathic wehrlite unit (Ocp cumulate) and overlying
feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite unit (COp cumulate). Although generally similar to
the same units composing the lower part of the main intrusion (called the upper
ultramafic zone), there are subtle differences in mode, texture and composition that
indicate that the lower ultramafic zone is a separate intrusive component of the BIC.
The emplacement model is proposes that the system begins with the injection of a
small pulse of magma through the Archean gneisses and into the base of the Michigamme
Formation. This small pulse fractionally crystallizes from the base up, a feldspathic
wehrlite followed by a feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite. The conduit is then reopened
and a second larger magma pulse is intruded above the first pulse and fractionally
crystallizes producing the cumulate stratigraphy seen in outcrop and drill core BIC01-01.
Due to the collinear nature of trace element and rare earth geochemistry from the
lower ultramafic, upper ultramafic, and gabbro zones it is concluded that the two magma
pulses came from the same parent magma source. This parent magma was determined to
be a high magnesium low aluminum tholeiitic basalt with an Mg# between 68 and 70.
These estimates were derived by the manipulation of geochemistry obtained from a
sample located in the basal chill.
Chalcophile element geochemistry suggests the BIC underwent three episodes of
sulfur saturation. The first event occurred as the initial pulse, which formed the lower
ultramafic zone, was injected into the surrounding country rock. Next, as the second
pulse of magma injected above the first, the magma became oversaturated leading to a
spike in metal tenors at the base of the upper ultramafic zone. The BIC reached sulfide
saturation for a third time in passive event caused by progressive fractional
crystallization.
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Table of Contents
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………...i
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………....ii
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………iv
Tables……………………………………………………………………………………..vi
Figures…………………………………………………………………………………...vii
1.0 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………1
1.1 Geologic Setting ..…………………………………………………………………3
1.1.1 Northern Complex....…………………………………………………...…….4
1.1.2 Baraga Group………………………………………………… ……………...5
1.1.3 Midcontinent Rift…………………………………………………..………...6
1.1.4 Bovine Igneous Complex……………………………………………..……...9
1.2 Previous Studies……………………………………………………………..…...10
1.3 Objectives…………………………………………………………………...……12
2.0 Methods……………………………………………………………………………...14
2.1 Core Logging and Sampling……………….……………………………………..15
2.2 Detailed Field Mapping…………………………………………………………..16
2.3 Petrographic Study………………………………………………………………..17
2.4 Mineral chemical Analysis……………..………………………………………...19
2.5 Lithogeochemical Analysis.....................................................................................20
3.0 Results..........................................................................................................................21
3.1Field Mapping..........................................................................................................21
3.2 Lithostratigraphy Determined From Logging and Petrography of Drill Core........26
3.2.1 Core BIC01-01................................................................................................26
3.2.2 Core 08BIC044...............................................................................................34
3.2.3 Core 06BIC007...............................................................................................44
3.3 Mineral Chemistry and Cryptic Layering...............................................................53
3.4 Whole rock geochemistry.......................................................................................56
4.0 Discussion....................................................................................................................59
4.1 Cumulus Stratigraphy and Mineral Paragenesis.....................................................59
4.2 Cryptic Mineral Layering.......................................................................................64
4.3 Emplacement and Crystallization Model................................................................67
4.4 Parental Magma Composition.................................................................................72
4.5 History of sulfide liquation during crystallization..................................................79
4.6 Miscellaneous Intrusions........................................................................................81
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4.6.1 Little BIC........................................................................................................81
4.6.2 Miscellaneous Dikes.......................................................................................82
5.0 Conclusions..................................................................................................................82
References..........................................................................................................................84
Appendix A........................................................................................................................87
Appendix B........................................................................................................................97
Plate 1...............................................................................................................................111
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Tables
1 Major Elements BIC01-01..........................................................................................56
2 Major Elements 08BIC044.........................................................................................56
3 Major Elements Field Sample.....................................................................................56
4 Trace Elements BIC01-01...........................................................................................57
5 Trace Elements 08BIC044..........................................................................................57
6 Trace Elements Field Sample.....................................................................................57
7 Chalcophile Elements BIC01-01................................................................................58
8 Chalcophile Elements 08BIC044................................................................................58
9 Chalcophile Elements Field Sample...........................................................................58
10 Parental Magma Estimates..........................................................................................75
vi

Figures
1 Geologic Map of Southwestern Baraga Basin..............................................................2
2 Geologic Map of BIC and Little BIC...........................................................................3
3 Simplified Geologic Map of Northern Portion of Northern Michigan.........................4
4 Map of MCR.................................................................................................................7
5 Geology of Lake Superior Region................................................................................8
6 Cross Section of BIC..................................................................................................10
7 Modal Rock Type Classification Scheme...................................................................18
8 Field Photos of Feldspathic Wehrlite Unit..................................................................23
9 Field Photos of Feldspathic Olivine Clinopyroxenite Unit.........................................24
10 Field Photos of Marginal Zone.................................................................................24
11 Field Photos of Oxide Gabbro Zone.........................................................................24
12 Bedrock Geology Map of BIC..................................................................................25
13 Lithostratigraphy of Core BIC01-01.........................................................................30
14 Modal Rock Types in Core BIC01-01......................................................................31
15 Modal Mineralogy of Core BIC01-01......................................................................32
16 Mineral Habits in Core BIC01-01.............................................................................33
17 Lithostratigraphy of Core 08BIC044........................................................................40
18 Modal Rock Types in Core 08BIC044.....................................................................41
19 Modal Mineralogy of Core 08BIC044......................................................................42
20 Mineral Habits in Core 08BIC044............................................................................43
21 Lithostratigraphy of Core 06BIC007........................................................................45
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22 Modal Rock Types in Core 06BIC007.....................................................................46
23 Modal Mineralogy of Core 06BIC007......................................................................47
24 Mineral Habits in Core 06BIC007............................................................................48
25 Photomicrograph of Chill Zone and Feldspathic Wehrlite Unit...............................49
26 Photomicrograph of Feldspathic Olivine Clinopyroxenite Unit and Oxide Gabbro
Zone..........................................................................................................................50
27 Photomicrograph of Diabase Dike and Alteration Characteristics...........................51
28 Photomicrograph of Amphibole and Apatite Habit..................................................52
29 Cryptic Variation versus Stratigraphic Height.........................................................55
30 Cumulate Stratigraphy..............................................................................................61
31 Differentiation Path of Possible Parent Magma........................................................64
32 Cryptic Variation Diagram and Cumulate Stratigraphy...........................................65
33 Emplacement and Crystallization Model..................................................................70
34 Trace Element Spider Diagram.................................................................................73
35 Rare Earth Element Spider Diagram.........................................................................73
36 20% Olivine PELE Fractional Crystallization Diagrams.........................................77
37 15% Olivine PELE Fractional Crystallization Diagrams.........................................78
38 Chalcophile Element Abundance versus Stratigraphic Height.................................81
viii

1.0 Introduction
The failed rifting of the North American craton approximately 1.1 billion years ago led
to extensive igneous activity in the Lake Superior region and now forms the province called the
Midcontinent Rift (MCR). Various geologic, geophysical, geochemical, and geochronologic
studies of MCR rocks in the Lake Superior region have revealed that the rift evolved by several
stages of magmatism and tectonism. Mafic to felsic magmatism over a 23 plus Ma period led
to the extrusion of subaerial lavas as well as the emplacement of multiple subvolcanic
intrusions of various sizes. Four stages of magmatism are generally recognized (Miller and
Vervoort, 1996; Nicholson et al. 1997; Miller and Severson, 2002; Vervoort et al., 2007;
Heaman et al., 2007): an early magmatic stage of rapid and diverse volcanism and intrusion
between 1112 and 1107 Ma, a latent magmatic stage of diminished felsic-only magmatism
between 1107 and 1102 Ma, a main magmatic stage creating the largest volume of igneous
rocks in the MCR between 1102 and 1094 Ma, and a late magmatic stage of waning volcanic
activity intermixed with detrital sedimentation from 1094 to 1086 Ma.
Many intrusions related to the early stage of magmatism tend to be small ultramafic
bodies that show significant sulfide mineralization enriched in nickel, copper, and precious
metals (Hollings et al., 2007). The Bovine Igneous Complex (BIC), the focus of this study, is
such an intrusion.
The BIC, located 8 kilometers southeast of the town of L’Anse, Michigan, was
emplaced into Paleoproterozoic sulfidic, argillic sedimentary rocks of the Baraga Basin during
the early magmatic stage of the MCR (Fig. 1). Based on reconnaissance bedrock mapping and
exploratory drilling by Kennecott, the BIC is a roughly bowl-shaped, layered mafic/ultramafic
1

intrusion (Figs. 2 and 3). A smaller, unexposed ultramafic intrusion, called Little BIC, occurs
to the northwest of the main intrusion (Fig. 2). Rossell (2008) subdivided the BIC intrusion
into a thick lower unit of wehrlite (Ol+Cpx), a middle unit of clinopyroxenite to oxide
clinopyroxenite, and an upper unit of coarse oxide gabbro to granophyric gabbro (Figs. 2).
First drilled in 1995 and as recently as 2008 by Kennecott Eagle Exploration (a
subsidiary of Rio Tinto) for its nickel, copper, and platinum group element (PGE) potential, the
petrology and metallogeny of the BIC has remained relatively poorly studied. As such, the
overall aim of this research is to gain a better understanding of the emplacement,
crystallization, and mineralization history of the BIC intrusion.
Figure 1. Geologic map of the southwestern Baraga Basin showing the setting of the BIC
intrusion (from Rossell, 2008).
2

08BIC044
•
Figure 2. Geology of the BIC and Little BIC intrusion (from Rossell, 2008). Cross-section
line A-A’ (Fig. 3) is noted.
1.1 Geologic Setting
The geology of the central part of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula is composed of three
major geologic provinces: 1) an Archean gneiss terrane known as the Northern Complex; 2)
Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Baraga Group, which comprises the upper
group of the Marquette Range Supergroup; and 3) Mesoproterozoic rocks of the Midcontinent
Rift system represented largely by mafic dikes and ultramafic/mafic intrusions such as BIC
(Fig. 3) (Gregg, 1993). The geology of these three provinces in the BIC area will be described
below.
3

Lake Superior
Falls River Thrust Fault
Figure 3. General geology of the northern portion of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
showing the location of the BIC and Eagle intrusions (From Rossell, 2008, modified
from Gregg, 1993). The area shown in Figure 1 is outlined. Inset map A shows the
location of the map area relative to the Midcontinent Rift.
1.1.1 Northern Complex
Archean rocks of the Northern Complex are made up of coarse-grained felsic gneisses,
minor amphibolites, and small mafic to ultramafic intrusions. Dating of intrusions in other
portions of the Northern Complex have yielded age dates from 2703 to 2780 Ma (Sims, 1993),
suggesting that the complex may be a continuation of the Marquette Greenstone Belt. The
Northern Complex is exposed at the surface immediately to the south of the BIC (Fig. 3), but
also occurs in deeper parts of the footwall of the BIC intrusion.
4

1.1.2 Baraga Group
Collision of an oceanic island arc 1880 Ma, now known as the Pembine-Wausau
terrane, marked the beginning of the Penokean orogeny (Schulz and Cannon, 2007).
Sedimentary and minor volcanic rocks of the Baraga Group were deposited in a foreland basin
formed by the southward-verging subsidence of the Archean Northern Complex basement
rocks. Development of the foreland basin was initiated when the Pembine-Wausau terrane was
thrust northward onto the edge of the Archean Superior craton. Sedimentation in the Baraga
Basin occurred from approximately 1850 Ma to 1840 Ma.
The rock units of the Baraga Group form a trangressive sequence that was deposited as
the foreland basin deepened and migrated toward the Archean craton (Schulz and Cannon,
2007). The basal unit of the Baraga Group is the Goodrich Quartzite representing shoreline and
fluvial deposits. Deposition of clastic material was followed by local deposition of iron
formations (Bijiki Formation) and then a very thick sequence of black shales that are locally
pyritic (Lower Michigamme Formation). As the basin continued to subside it rapidly became
host to a thick, deep-water turbidite sequence (Upper Michigamme Formation).
Northward directed compressional forces during the Penokean orogeny caused the
newly deposited sediments of the Baraga basin to be deformed into a fold and thrust belt
(Schulz and Cannon, 2007). The folds and thrust faults of this belt make up the major
structural elements of the basin. Gregg (1993) has divided the basin into two terranes
separated by the south dipping Falls River Thrust (Figs. 1 and 3). The northern portion of the
Falls River Thrust, the Huron River slice, is characterized by slightly asymmetric, open folds
with shallow axial plunges in the northwest-southeast direction. To the south of the Falls River
5

Thrust, the basin is distinguished by isoclinal or tight folds which are often over turned or
recumbent, and are commonly overprinted by a second generation of folding (Rossell, 2008).
1.1.3 Midcontinent Rift
The 1.1 Ga Midcontinent Rift (MCR) extends 2000 km across the North American
craton in an arcuate path stretching from the Lake Superior region to Kansas to the southeast
and lower Michigan to the southwest (Fig. 4). The MCR marks the failed attempt at
continental rifting of the North American craton (Laurentia) and is thought to have been
triggered by a starting mantle plume (Nicholson et al., 1997). The compressive force of the
Grenville orogeny along the eastern margin of North America is thought to have prevented
complete rifting which commonly leads to continental separation and ocean basin formation
(Cannon, 1992). During the period of active rifting and magmatism, the MCR became a large
igneous province, extruding and intruding massive quantities of mafic and felsic magmas into
its nearly 30 km deep rift basin (Hinze et al, 1997).
Magmatic activity in the MCR lasted for roughly 23 million years from 1109 to 1086
Ma, though recent dating of intrusions in Ontario (Heaman et al., 2007) suggest that MCRrelated
magmatism probably began at 1112, and possibly as early as 1120 Ma. As noted in the
introduction, these 23+ million years of magmatic activity can be broken down into at least
four stages.
The early magmatic stage (1112-1107 Ma) consisted of rapid extrusion and
emplacement of primitive melts derived from high degrees of partial melting of an enriched
mantle plume and at greater depths than later magmas. Early primitive mafic magmas rapidly
gave way to more evolved mafic melts that show signs of contamination by the subcontinental
6

lithosphere and the lower crust (Nicholson et al., 1997). This transition is interpreted to
indicate that mantle melts began to underplate the base of the crust resulting in contamination
and fractionation of the primitive magmas. At this time, felsic magma begins to appear in the
volcanic stratigraphy along with contaminated, evolved mafic magmas. The felsic magmas are
thought to represent anatectic melting of the lower crust triggered by the mafic underplating
(Nicholson et al., 1997, Vervoort and Green, 1997).
An important component of the early magmatic stage of the MCR is the occurrence of
small mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the western Lake Superior region. These intrusions have
received considerable attention in the past 10-15 years due to the common occurrence of Ni,
Cu, and PGE mineralization. Although they have been well known north of Lake Superior in
the Thunder Bay and Lake Nipigon
regions for some time, they have been
discovered in Minnesota and the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan within just the last
10 years (Schulz and Nicholson, 2009).
Currently recognized early magmatic
phase mafic-ultramafic intrusions include;
Kitto, Disraeli, Hele, and Seagull in the
Lake Nipigon area, the Current Lake
intrusion near Thunder Bay, the Tamarack
Figure 4. Generalized map of the Midcontinent Rift,
with associated Archean country rocks and intrusion west of Duluth, Minnesota, and,
their ages (Hinze et al., 1997)
the Eagle and Echo Lake intrusions in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan (Fig. 5). Although age
7

dating of the BIC intrusion has, as of yet, not been successful, the lithologic and geochemical
similarities between BIC and other early ultramafic intrusion (Schulz and Nicholson, 2009)
strongly implies that it is also part of the early magmatic stage of the MCR.
Figure 5. Generalized map of the Lake Superior region with simplified geology and location
of mafic and ultramafic intrusions. Location of small ultramafic intrusions shown with
red dots (Modified from Paces and Miller, 1993).
8

1.1.4 Bovine Igneous Complex
The (BIC) is a small basin-shaped mafic/ultramafic intrusion emplaced in the
southwestern part of the Baraga Basin (Figs. 1 and 2). Approximately 1200 meters long and
450 meters wide, the BIC is well exposed along its margins but moderately to poorly exposed
in its interior. Based on reconnaissance mapping and core logging, Rossell (2008) subdivided
the intrusion into three basic rock units: wehrlite at the base, clinopyroxenite in the midsection,
and oxide gabbro at the top (Fig. 6). The intrusion cross-cuts Paleoproterozoic rocks
of the Michigamme Formation, beginning in the north with the upper slate, followed by the
sulfidic Bijiki Iron-formation member, and ending in the south with the lower slate. At depth,
the intrusion is in contact with either the lower slate or granitic gneiss of the Archean Northern
Complex. Rossell (2008) also speculated that the intrusion may cross-cut or be cut by an eastwest
trending Keweenawan mafic dike. Rossell (2010, pers. comm.) also pointed out that
aeromagnetic data seems to imply that the BIC may cross-cut a northeast trending dike that has
a similar trend to Abitibi dike swarms in Ontario.
The BIC intrusion has been found to be weakly to moderately mineralized with Cu-Ni-
PGE-enriched sulfides. Metal tenors provided by initial drilling averaged less than .5% Cu and
Ni, and less than 350 ppb Pt and Pd (Fig. 6)(Rossell, 2008). Although metal tenors in most of
the intrusion are lower than other early stage ultramafic intrusions, a 16.5m-thick interval in
the associated Little BIC intrusion (Fig. 2) contains 0.88% Cu, 1.0% Ni, 679 ppb Pt, and 104
ppb Au. Within this interval, sulfide metal tenors increase even more in a 2.8 meter section
below the contact in surrounding country rocks, which averaged 1.66% Cu, 4.23 % Ni, 1380
ppb Pt, 2520 ppb Pd. Metal tenors when calculated to 100% sulfide are comparable to
9

mineralization in many of the other mineralized mafic-ultramafic intrusions of the MCR
(Rossell, 2008).
Figure 6. Generalized cross-section of the BIC intrusion along section line A-A’ (Fig. 2). Blue
bars denote sulfide concentration in drill cores BIC02-02, BIC01-01, and BIC-2 (from
Rossell, 2008).
1.2 Previous Studies
Previous studies of the BIC have been limited to 1) reconnaissance mapping by Dean
Rossell (1990-1996), 2) exploration drilling by Kennecott Mineral Company (1995 to present),
3) brief company reports on the petrography of select samples by Barnett (1995), Hauck
(2002), and Johnson (2007), and 4) a field trip guide for the 2008 Institute on Lake Superior
Geology by Dean Rossell (2008). More recently, whole rock geochemistry and samples
collected for geochronology have been collected by the USGS (Schulz and Nicholson, 2009)
10

and a sulfur isotope study is underway by a student at Indiana University under the supervision
of Dr. Ed Ripley.
No detailed geologic map of the BIC or its surrounding geology exists. Dean Rossell
compiled a reconnaissance map of the intrusion between 1990 and 1996. He distinguished
three units on the elongate hill that makes up the surface expression of the intrusion (Fig. 2).
The best exposure of outcrops occurs around the flanks of the hill, where the topography is
steepest.
Since it was first drilled in 1995, over 66 holes have been drilled by Kennecott
Exploration into the BIC intrusion and surrounding country rock. Every drill hole was logged
for lithology, structure, and mineralization and measured for magnetic susceptibility. Sulfidebearing
intervals were assayed for base and precious metals.
Three petrographic reports have been prepared for Kennecott Mineral Company. These
reports were written by Barnett (1995), Hauck (2002), and Johnson (2007) and consist of
descriptions of thin sections taken of intrusion rock types and footwall samples from several
drill cores. Mineralogy and textural associations were noted in detail for both sulfide and
silicate minerals, and were used to characterize the three basic stratigraphic units of the
intrusion defined by Rossell (2008).
In 2008, Dean Rossell compiled a field trip guide on the BIC for the 2008 Institute on
Lake Superior Geology meeting held in Marquette, Michigan. In the guide, Rossell
summarizes the current state of knowledge on the BIC, which includes his earlier field
mapping, a cross-section based on core logging descriptions of three drill core, and the
company petrographic reports. Rossell concludes that the intrusion is made up of the three
11

asic rock types noted above and contains several horizons of disseminated and net-textured
sulfide minerals. He notes that metal grades are low through most of the intrusion, typically
less than .5 % Cu and Ni, and less than 350 ppb Pt and Pd (Fig. 6). One interval in the Little
BIC intrusion and extending into the country rock has been found which contains significantly
higher metal tenors comparable to the Eagle intrusion and the other mineralized ultramafic
intrusions of the MCR (Rossell, 2008).
Two other studies on the intrusion are currently in progress, but have not yet been fully
published. A sulfur isotope study of the BIC by an undergraduate student under the direction
of Dr. Ed Ripley at Indiana University is to be released in the summer of 2011. Initial findings
of said study published in a 2010 GSA abstract indicated a δ 34 S range of -.41 to 1.23‰. This
sulfur isotope range is consistent with sulfur derived directly from the mantle. However the
quantity of sulfur present in the BIC suggests that some additional sulfur must have been
added. Schulz and Nicholson (2009) presented the whole rock data recently collected from
about eight samples from the BIC and compared the data to other early mafic-ultramafic MCR
intrusions and to diabase dikes in the Baraga Basin to see if there is a possible genetic link.
Schulz and Nicholson found that the trace element geochemistry of the BIC was very similar to
those of high titanium alkali basalt dikes found nearby in the Baraga basin suggesting a
possible petrogenetic link. The USGS scientists also collected a sample for U-Pb dating of
zircon or baddelyite but were unsuccessful in acquiring datable material.
1.3 Objectives
The main goals of this study are to evaluate the emplacement, crystallization, and
mineralization history of the BIC. The principle objectives that will be pursued to accomplish
12

those goals will be to characterize the igneous stratigraphy of the intrusion in terms of its
cumulate phase layering, sulfide mineralization, cryptic mineral variation, and bulk
geochemical variations. Specific questions to be addressed by this study include:
• How many stages of magma emplacement were involved in the formation of the BIC
intrusion?
• To what extent did fractional crystallization produce the observed cumulate
stratigraphy (feldspathic dunite to granophyric gabbro) and cryptic variation?
• What was the composition of the parental magma(s) of the BIC?
• How does the parental magma of the BIC compare to estimates of parental magma for
other early MCR mafic/ultramafic intrusions?
• What was the history of sulfide mineralization during the emplacement and
crystallization of the BIC system?
Current information on the igneous stratigraphy of the BIC intrusion indicates a
unidirectional (bottom-up) progression of cumulus phases (Ol→Cpx→Feox→Pl). While this
would appear to indicate progressive fractional crystallization of a single batch of ultramafic
magma, multiple small injections of magma may occur without obviously affecting the phase
layering. If multiple cycles of magma emplacement occurred, however, this should be evident
in the cryptic layering of solid solution phases, as well as trace element geochemistry of the
cumulates.
Another important goal of this research will be to estimate the composition of the
parental magma that formed the BIC. This composition will then be compared with estimates
of parental magma composition from other early magmatic stage mafic/ultramafic intrusions
such as the Eagle (Northern Michigan), Tamarack (Minnesota), and Seagull (Ontario)
intrusions. Determination of the parental magma will be very important in modeling the
13

differentiation history of the BIC and will help to place it in the greater context of the MCR as
a whole.
Like other early stage ultramafic intrusions associated with the MCR, the BIC intrusion
has significant Ni-Cu-PGE mineralization. Because copper, nickel, and platinum group
elements preferentially partition into a sulfide phase, the history and timing of sulfide
saturation becomes extremely important in understanding the metallogenesis of the BIC
intrusion. It is the goal of this study to examine the evolution of sulfide and chalcophile
elements throughout the crystallization process, determine over what interval of crystallization
sulfide became saturated, and finally what triggered sulfide saturation in the intrusion.
2.0 Methods
To accomplish the goals and objectives listed above, several methods of study have
been used. The igneous stratigraphy will be studied macroscopically by detailed core logging
of Kennecott drill core and by field mapping of BIC exposures. Petrographic studies in
transmitted light will be used to discern the stratigraphic variation in mineralogy and textures
of the silicate phases. Compositions of solid solution phases will be measured by EDS-SEM
analyses to characterize the cryptic variations of silicates (Ol, Cpx, & Pl) through the igneous
stratigraphy of the BIC. Whole rock geochemical analyses will be acquired in order to
evaluate the composition of the parent magma and its geochemical evolution during
crystallization. Finally, geochemical data of chalcophile elements and sulfur will be used to
evaluate the history of sulfide saturation and mineralization.
14

2.1 Core Logging and Sampling
Three drill cores were chosen to provide samples for petrographic study, mineral
chemical analysis, and whole rock geochemical analysis. The three drill cores were chosen
based on their completeness of profiling the igneous stratigraphy of the intrusion. Two of the
cores, BIC01-01 and 08BIC044 (Fig. 2) were chosen from the main BIC intrusion, while
06BIC007 comes from the well-mineralized Little BIC intrusion. Although the BIC is the
primary focus of this study, the Little BIC core was sampled to compare its lithology and
chemistry to the main intrusion.
At the time of this study, 65 holes had been drilled into the BIC intrusion and
surrounding areas by Kennecott Eagle Minerals Company (KEMC). Of these, the three holes
used in this study were chosen for specific reasons. Drill hole BIC01-01 was chosen because
of its stratigraphic completeness, having all three major lithologies, its central location, its
ending in Paleoproterozoic shale, and its being the only drill core to have been scanned by
NITON XRF. Hole 08BIC044 was chosen due to its slightly different orientation, increased
length, its seemingly more complicated stratigraphy, and its termination in Archean gneiss
footwall. Hole 06BIC007 was chosen because it best represents the stratigraphy of the
adjacent Little BIC intrusion.
All holes relating to the BIC intrusion had been previously logged and obviously
mineralized areas were assayed by KEMC geologists. All three cores were relogged for this
study with special emphasis on modal mineralogy, texture, alteration, and basic sulfide
mineralization. Previous logs, assays, and NITON XRF data, where available, were used as
guides to aid in the relogging process. Samples were taken every 5 to 10 meters within
15

ecognizable lithologies and at strategic points such as straddling contacts and areas of
contrasting grain size. For the 3 cores, 139 samples were collected, cut into billets, and sent to
Spectrum Petrographics (Vancouver, WA) to be made into polished thin sections for
petrographic study and mineral chemical analysis.
2.2 Detailed Field Mapping
Detailed outcrop mapping of the BIC intrusion was completed at a 1:5000 scale over a
seven day period in September 2010. The GPS location of each outcrop was recorded along
with the size and shape of the outcrop, lithologic attributes (modal mineralogy, mineral habits,
grain size and magnetism), structural attributes (foliation, layering, and geological contacts)
and other features of interest. The size, shape, and location of the outcrop were sketched onto
the topographic base map and a preliminary map unit was assigned to the outcrop based on
characteristics previously noted in drill core. A total of 18 samples were collected that best
represented the stratigraphic and areal distribution of map units observed in the field.
Field data were digitally compiled using ESRI’s ArcGIS® version 9. Field maps,
which showed outcrop locations, station IDs, and traverse paths on mylar overlays of a
topographic base map, were scanned and imported into ArcMAP. The field maps were
registered to a NAD83 UTM coordinate base and the outcrops were digitized by tracing from
the scanned field maps. Attribute data for the outcrop layer included outcrop ID, date visited,
major rock type, secondary rock type, and other notable features. Structural measurements
(layering, foliation, joints, …) were compiled onto a separate data layer. Map units and
contacts were interpreted from the digitized outcrop and structure data and compiled onto
polygon and line layers, respectively. The final map (Plate 1 or Fig. 12) was created by
16

exporting data layers from ArcMap and importing them into Adobe Illustrator (v.CS2). Units
were assigned and colors added to signify each map unit.
2.3 Petrographic Study
A total 157 thin sections were described in transmitted light for this study. Of the 157
thin sections, 139 were collected from the three aforementioned drill holes while another 18
were collected from outcrop during field mapping. The features described in the transmitted
light study include bulk rock texture, grain size, mineral habit, mineral mode, foliation
development, and alteration. Petrographic observations are tabulated in Appendix A.
Modal rock types were determined using the classification schemes proposed by Miller
et al. (2002) for use with the Duluth Complex (Fig. 7). Modal percentages of minerals were
visually estimated and normalized to the appropriate classification scheme.
17

A. General Scheme
18

Figure 7. Modal rock type classification schemes used in this study. Scheme A is used for the
general classification of mafic and ultramafic rocks composed of plagioclase, olivine,
and clinopyroxene. Scheme B applies to the ultramafic rock group with modal
plagioclase less than 30% and is based on all four principal mafic minerals (olivine, low
Ca pyroxene, high-Ca pyroxene, and Fe-Ti oxide). Scheme C applies to the mafic rock
group with 30 to 85% plagioclase and the four principal mafic phases. From Miller et
al. (2002).
2.4 Mineral Chemical Analysis
Mineral chemical analysis was carried out to assess the cryptic variation of the major
solid solution minerals (olivine, augite) throughout the igneous stratigraphy of the intrusion.
The analyses were acquired at the University of Minnesota Duluth using a JEOL JSM-6490LV
19

scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer system (EDS).
The EDS was used to acquire standardless analyses, which yielded semi-quantitative (~.5%
error) major element compositions of the olivine and augite. Thirty one out of the 79 total
polished thin sections collected from drill core 08BIC044 were selected for analysis.
The samples chosen for mineral chemical analysis occur at regular intervals within each
stratigraphic unit. Within each unit, samples were taken that best represented the unit and that
contained the least altered olivine grains. The selected polished thin sections were coated with
approximately 20 nanometers of carbon using a Denton vacuum carbon coater. Applying a
conductive carbon coat to the sample surface allows for the dissipation of electrons, which will
otherwise build up on the surface and result in sample charging and beam deflection.
The analyses were carried out in seven 3-4 hour sessions, which allowed for analysis of
multiple olivine and augite grains in three to five samples. An accelerating voltage of 15kv
was used for the electron beam throughout each session. During each session, the EDS
spectrum was calibrated to a thin piece of copper tape attached to the sample holder. After
calibration, five to eight analyses were acquired of olivine and augite grains from three
different areas on each thin section. Five were acquired in each of the three areas if only augite
was present, whereas eight analyses were acquired if olivine was also present. Each analysis
was carried out for a 20 second count time. The system was recalibrated on the copper tape
between the analyses of each sample.
2.5 Lithogeochemical Analysis
Twenty seven samples from drill cores BIC01-01, 08BIC044, and one field sample
from the marginal zone, were chosen for lithogeochemical analyses. One or more samples
20

were chosen from each rock type which best represents that lithology. Samples weighing
between one and one half kilograms were submitted to ALS Chemex in Thunder Bay, Ontario.
Samples were crushed and pulverized using mild steel. Splits of each sample were analyzed for
major, minor, 38 trace elements using ICP-MS and ICP-AES methods. In addition, 30 gram
splits of the ground samples were analyzed for platinum, palladium, and gold by fire assay with
an ICP-MS finish.
3.0 Results
The results garnered from field mapping, core logging, petrographic study, mineral
chemical analyses, and whole rock geochemistry are reported here. The results of core logging
and petrographic observations have been combined to provide a detailed summary of the
lithostratigraphy of the intrusion and its petrographic attributes. Results of mineral chemical
analyses and whole rock geochemistry will be described in the context of the resulting
lithostratigraphy.
3.1 Field Mapping
Previous bedrock mapping by Rossell (2008) (Fig. 2) interpreted the BIC intrusion to
be made up of three units, a thick basal wehrlite/olivine melagabbro, a medial
clinopyroxenite/gabbro unit, and an upper gabbro. Field mapping undertaken for this study
generally agrees with this three units stratigraphy, though the dominant lithologies differ
somewhat. In the bedrock geologic map produced from this study, the three major
stratigraphic units are a basal feldspathic wehrlite, a middle feldspathic clinopyroxenite/oxide
feldspathic clinopyroxenite, and an upper oxide gabbro (Fig. 12). In addition, a marginal unit
21

composed of heterogeneous granophyric pyroxenite and gabbro has been identified on the
northern flank of the BIC intrusion.
The feldspathic wehrlite unit is composed of medium- to medium coarse-grained, nonfoliated
feldspathic wehrlite with poikilitic plagioclase. This unit is best exposed on the
western and southern margins of the intrusion at the base of the hill but is inferred to underlie
the till and form a ring around the entire base of the intrusion. Outcrops of this unit are
exposed in two- to three-meter-high ledges that show a prominent joint pattern (joint
measurements are depicted in Fig. 12, field photos of the occurrence can be seen in Fig. 8).
This map unit is equivalent to the wehrlite/olivine melagabbro unit defined by Rossell (2008).
The feldspathic clinopyroxenite unit is made up of medium fine-grained, non-foliated,
plagioclase-poikilitic, feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite and feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite
(Fig. 9). Oxide abundance dramatically increases drom less than 5% to greater than 15% in the
upper 10 to 20m of this unit. Situated between the feldspathic wehrlite and the oxide gabbro
and adjacent to the marginal zone, the feldspathic clinopyroxenite unit correlates with the
clinopyroxenite/gabbro unit described by Rossell (2008). The best exposed unit of the
intrusion, the feldspathic clinopyroxenite outcrops along the steep hillsides of the intrusion in
five- to ten-meter-tall ledges and in sloping pavement surfaces.
The oxide gabbro unit, which caps the intrusion, is made up of medium-grained,
moderately to well-foliated, intergranular oxide gabbro. This unit is made up of small one to
two meter high ledges and pavement outcrops located on or near the top of the hill. Outcrops
exposed closer to the feldspathic clinopyroxenite and marginal zones are finer grained and less
altered than the low-lying pavement outcrops found on the crest of the hill. The pavement
22

outcrops are very coarse-grained and display decimeter to meter-sized, irregularly-shaped
patches of epidote-sericite-calcite alteration (Fig. 11). The gabbro unit directly correlates with
Rossell’s (2008) gabbro unit.
Exposures along the northern side of the intrusion at stratigraphic positions
corresponding to the feldspathic clinopyroxenite and oxide gabbro units are significantly
enriched in granophyre at a variety of scales (Fig. 10). This distinctive lithology is termed the
marginal zone. The granophyre occurs as evenly to irregularly disseminated blebs to patches
up to half a meter in size. The marginal zone is exposed in several 20- to 100-meter-long and
5- to 10-meter-high ledges and cliffs. Interestingly, the mineralogy, textures, and stratigraphic
relationships of the feldspathic clinopyroxenite and oxide gabbro units can be recognized in the
non-granophyre components of the rock. Rossell (2008) did not break these granophyric rock
types out as a separate unit, though he did admit to being puzzled by their occurrence (Rossell,
pers. comm., 2010).
A
B
Figure 8. A, B.) Field photos of the feldspathic wehrlite unit seen in outcrop. Prominent joint
pattern can be seen in both photos.
23

A
Figure 9. Field photos of the feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite in outcrop. A.) Outcrop scale
photo. B.) Photo of common texture and grain size.
B
A
Figure 10. Field photos of the marginal zone in outcrop. A.) Outcrop with discrete
granophyre in inclusions. B.) Photo displaying disseminated granophyre in outcrop.
B
A
B
Figure 11. Field photos of the oxide gabbro unit in outcrop. A.) irregular pods of epidote
alteration. B.) Coarse grained oxide gabbro with hematite stained plagioclase.
24

Figure 12. Bedrock geologic map of the BIC and little BIC intrusions. See Plate 1 for the full
1:6,000 scale map.
3.2 Lithostratigraphy determined from Logging and Petrography of Drill Core
The three stratigraphic units of the BIC intrusion defined from field mapping, here and
previously by Rossell (2008), are generally recognized in the two drill cores investigated for
this study (BIC01-01 and 08BIC044). However, the continuous stratigraphic profiling
afforded by drill core, coupled with petrographic observations from strategically collected
samples, allows for more details about the lithostratigraphy of the BIC to be ascertained.
Summarized below are the modal and textural attributes of rock types determined in BIC01-01
and 08BIC044 from core logging and petrographic observations, which develop a more robust
documentation of the lithostratigraphy of the BIC intrusion. In addition, the lithologic
attributes of samples collected from, 06BIC007 core from the Little BIC intrusion will be
described so as to compare and contrast with lithostratigraphy of the BIC intrusion.
3.2.1 BIC01-01
Drill core BIC01-01 is a 457m long hole drilled vertically into the southeastern portion
of the intrusion (Figs. 2 and 5). The hole consists of 310 meters of uninterrupted intrusive
rocks that bottom out in Michigamme slate. A small interval of mafic intrusive rock is also
present between 330m and 340m, but was not investigated for this study. Based on a synthesis
of macroscopic and microscopic observations, the BIC01-01 core can be subdivided into four
primary lithostratigraphic units (Fig. 13). Upward from the basal contact, these units are 1)
feldspathic wehrlite, 2) feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite, 3) feldspathic oxide
26

clinopyroxenite, and 4) oxide gabbro. The modal mineralogic compositions (Figs. 14 and 15)
and textural attributes (Fig. 16) of these units are described below.
The feldspathic wehrlite unit occupies the lower 150 meters of this drill core (fWER
unit, Fig. 13). The base of the intrusion (310m depth) is in sharp contact with slate and
siltstone of the Michigamme Formation. The average modal rock type of the unit is a
feldspathic wehrlite, but ranges in rock type from wehrlite to augite melatroctolite (Fig. 14).
The lower 60 meters of the unit is considerably more heterogeneous in mode, texture, and
alteration than the upper portion of the unit. In this lower section, plag content ranges from 5
to 30%, augite ranges from 10 to 45%, and olivine ranges between 30 and 60% (Fig. 15).
Amphibole content ranges from 2 to 12% (Fig. 28A) while biotite ranges from trace to 5%.
Textures in this interval are equally heterogeneous (Fig. 16) with plagioclase habit
ranging from subpoikilitic to poikilitic with 3 to 12 millimeter oikocrysts. Augite generally
exhibits a subhedral granular habit at the base of the interval but grades to a more subpoikolitic
at the top. Although augite is only weakly altered to amphibole throughout the feldspathic
wehrlite unit, plagioclase shows low to strong sericitic alteration in the lower 60 meters of the
unit (Fig. 16). Olivine is moderately altered to serpentine throughout the unit. Amphibole is
present as anhedral granular masses and overgrowths on oxides and sulfides in the lower half
of the unit but becomes poikolitic in the upper half of the unit. The rest of the feldspathic
wehrlite is modally and texturally very homogenous containing approximately 20% poikilitic
plagioclase, 20% anhedral granular augite, and 60% subhedral granular olivine. Although
augite is anhedral granular in the upper part of the feldspathic wehrlite unit, it is texturally
interstitial to olivine and modally in non-cotectic proportions to olivine (Fig. 25B).
27

The feldspathic wehrlite is in turn overlain by 100 meters of medium fine-grained,
feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite (fOCP unit, Figs. 14, 26A). Transition from feldspathic
wehrlite to feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite occurs over a gradational contact one to three
meters in thickness. Modally, the unit includes olivine clinopyroxenites, feldspathic olivine
clinopyroxenites, and feldspathic clinopyroxenites (Fig. 14). A fairly homogenous unit
mineralogically, the modal abundance of augite, olivine, and plagioclase are approximately
70%, 20%, and 10% respectively (Fig. 15). Modal abundance of amphibole ranges from 2 to
5% in the lower half but then falls to trace amounts in the upper half. Biotite is scarce in this
unit ranging from trace to 1% throughout. Mineral habits also remain very consistent with
subhedral granular augite and olivine, anhedral granular amphibole and biotite, and poikilitic
plagioclase, with 3 to 12 millimeter oikocrysts, throughout (Fig. 16). Although augite is only
weakly altered through the unit, both plagioclase and olivine display strong to complete
alteration (Fig. 16)
Above the feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite lies approximately 10 meters of medium
fine-grained feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite with minor amounts of olivine (fOxCP unit, Fig.
9). Not only is this unit not recognized in outcrop, it is difficult to pick out in the dark
clinopyroxenite drill core. Indeed, what drew attention to the rapid increase in oxide was
magnetic susceptibility data collected from the core by Kennecott (Fig. 15). As observed in
thin section, the contact between the feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite and the feldspathic
oxide clinopyroxenite is marked by an abrupt increase in oxide content from less than 3 modal
percent to as much as 20 percent over approximately one meter. Modally, this unit contains
feldspathic olivine oxide clinopyroxenite and feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite rock types
28

(Fig. 14). Systematic changes in mode are evident across this thin unit, including a gradual
increase in plagioclase content from 10 to 30% coupled with a decrease in augite content from
55 to 40% (Fig. 15). Amphibole content drops from 8 to less than 1% while biotite drops to
trace levels. Olivine disappears in the upper portions of this rock type but is present in
amounts of up to 20% near the base. Texturally, augite and plagioclase remain subhedral
granular and poikilitic, respectively, and alteration is similar to that observed in the underlying
feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite unit (Fig. 16).
The oxide gabbro unit comprises the upper 50 meters of the drill core (OxGb unit, Figs.
13, 26B). It is generally composed of medium-grained, moderately to well foliated
intergranular oxide gabbro, which locally contains up to 1% apatite. The transition between
feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite and oxide gabbro is gradational over two to four meters and
is marked by a gradual increase in plagioclase content to greater than 40 modal percent, a
decrease in augite, the disappearance of olivine (or its altered pseudomorph) , and a change in
plagioclase habit from poikilitic to subhedral granular (lath-shaped). Modal rock types in this
unit include oxide melagabbro, oxide gabbro, and oxide leucogabbro (Fig. 14). Modal changes
upward through this unit include an irregular increase in plagioclase from 30 to 75% and a
similarly irregular decrease in augite from 45% to 20% (Fig. 15). Modal abundances of
amphiboles and biotite in the oxide gabbro unit are very erratic ranging from trace amounts in
some samples up to 3% combined in others. Localized intervals rich in plagioclase tend to be
related to zones of intense alteration. Texturally, plagioclase ranges from poikilitic at the base
to subprismatic near the top, while augite transitions from subhedral granular at the base of the
29

unit to subprismatic at the top (Fig. 16). Uralitic alteration of augite and sausseritic
(epid+ser+calc) alteration of plagioclase tends to be moderate to strong throughout the unit.
30

Figure 13. Lithostratigraphy of drill hole BIC01-01 with photos of core from the major units.
A) Medium-grained, moderately foliated, intergranular apatitic oxide gabbro.
B) Medium fine-grained, feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite with poikilitic plagioclase.
C) Medium-grained feldspathic wehrlite with poikilitic plagioclase.
Figure 14. Modal rock types of samples taken from drill core BIC01-01 based on relative
proportions of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase. Samples are color coded to
lithostratigraphic unit shown in Figure 13 and to their oxide mode (> or < 15%). Base
modified from Miller et al. 2002.
31

Figure 15. Stratigraphic variation in modal abundance of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and
olivine through BIC01-01. Modal mineralogy visually estimated from 48 thin sections.
Magnetic susceptibility measured by KEMC is taken to be a proxy for Fe-Ti oxide
content.
32

Figure 16. Stratigraphic variation in grain size, mineral habit, and alteration of olivine,
clinopyroxene, and plagioclase through drill core BIC01-01.
33

3.2.2 08BIC044
This 731m long hole drilled at a 65 degree angle to the north (Figs. 2 and 5) provides
the most complete profile through the igneous stratigraphy of the intrusion. In addition to the
four major lithostratigraphic units observed in BIC01-01, 08BIC044 also contains two more
lithostratigraphic units in the lower 170 meters of the core. The additional lithostratigraphic
units include a basal feldspathic wehrlite, which is in intrusive contact with granitic gneiss, and
an overlying feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite (Fig. 17). The olivine clinopyroxenite unit is
then overlain by the four units documented in BIC01-01: feldspathic wehrlite, which near its
base is cut by several diabase dikes of various thicknesses, feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite,
feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite, and finally oxide gabbro.
The possibility that the lower feldspathic wehrlite and olivine clinopyroxenite are fault
repeated units of their upper equivalents is discounted by the contact between the lower olivine
clinopyroxenite and the upper feldspathic wehrlite being clearly an igneous contact.
Moreover, the variations in texture, mineralogy and chemistry are distinctive between the
lower four units, as will be described below. Hereafter, the lower four units identified in
08BIC044 (Fig. 17) will be referred to as the lower feldspathic wehrlite, the lower olivine
clinopyroxenite, the upper feldspathic wehrlite, and the upper olivine clinopyroxenite.
The lower feldspathic wehrlite unit sits in sharp contact above granitic gneisses of the
Northern Complex and is made up 125 meters of medium to medium coarse-grained wehrlite
and feldspathic wehrlite with varying concentrations of Cu-Ni sulfide. The unit is
predominantly made up of feldspathic wehrlite but locally ranges to an olivine melagabbro or
wehrlite (Fig. 18). Like the basal section of the feldspathic wehrlite exposed, in BIC01-01, the
34

lower feldspathic wehrlite unit in 08BIC044 is distinctly variable in modal mineralogy and
texture and alteration in the 30 meters above the basal contact (Fig. 25A). However, rather
than being heterogeneous, the basal zone in 08BIC044 shows systematic changes in mode and
texture up from the basal contact. In the basal zone, the following changes are observed up
section:
• Olivine mode increases while plagioclase and augite decrease (Fig. 19);
• Grain size (defined by olivine) grades from medium fine to medium coarse (Fig. 20);
• Plagioclase habit changes from subpoikilitic to poikilitic, with oikocrysts reaching a
maximum diameter of 12 millimeters (Fig. 20);
• Augite habit changes from subprismatic granular to poikilitic with oikocrysts reaching
7 millimeters across (Fig. 20); and
• Alteration of olivine to serpentine grades from strong to moderate while plagioclase
alteration increases from moderate to complete (Fig. 20).
The upper three quarters of the lower feldspathic wehrlite unit shows a reversal of
many trend observed in the basal contact zone. These include a gradual increase in modal
augite and amphibole from 20 to 35% and 5 to 20% (Fig. 28A) respectively, and a decrease in
olivine mode from 60% to 40% (Fig. 19). Biotite is present in the unit in modal percentages
from trace to 4%. Mineral textures in the upper 90 meters of the lower feldspathic wehrlite are
generally constant and consist of anhedral granular biotite, poikilitic plagioclase, poikilitic to
subpoikilitic augite and amphibole, and subhedral granular olivine (Fig. 20). Alteration is also
uniform in the upper part of the lower wehrlite unit with weakly altered augite, strongly to
completely altered plagioclase, and moderately altered olivine (Fig. 25B).
35

The lower feldspathic wehrlite unit is overlain by 30-meter-thick unit of mediumgrained,
intergranular feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite (Fig. 26A). The contact between the
wehrlite and clinopyroxenite units is gradational over one to three meters and is marked by an
increase in augite mode to greater than 40%, a decrease in olivine mode to less than 40%, a
reduction in grain size from medium coarse to medium-grained, and a change in augite habit
from subpoikilitic to subhedral granular (Figs. 19 and 20). Amphibole and biotite contents are
2 to 5% and 1 to 2% respectively and are both anhedral granular. The modal composition of
this thin unit is quite variable, with modes of augite varying by as much as 25% (Fig. 19).
The transition from the lower feldspathic clinopyroxenite to and the upper feldspathic
wehrlite unit is complicated by the occurrence of three diabase dikes ranging from three to ten
meters thick emplaced into the basal part of the upper feldspathic wehrlite unit (Fig. 17). The
lowermost dike sits directly in contact with a complex layer of chert and carbonate inclusions.
The dike contains frequent, several centimeter wide, gneiss inclusions throughout. The three
dikes are aphinitic at the margins where they are in sharp contact with the surrounding wehrlite
or chert carbonate. The coarser grained centers are made up of fine to medium fine-grained
intergranular oxide melagabbro and oxide gabbro (Fig. 27A).
Excluding the diabase dikes and inclusions of chert carbonate and gneiss, the upper
feldspathic wehrlite unit below 400 meters depth in the core is modally variable, ranging from
feldspathic wehrlite, wehrlite, and melatroctolite in modal rock type (Fig. 18). Plagioclase,
augite, and olivine contents range from 15 to 35%, 25 to 35%, and 30 to 55%, respectively.
Within this basal interval plagioclase and olivine habits remain consistently subpoikilitic and
subhedral granular, respectively. Augite exhibits subhedral granular habit through most of the
36

interval but grades to a subpoikilitic habit near the top.
Above 400 meters depth in 08BIC044, the upper feldspathic wehrlite unit composed of
relatively homogenous wehrlites and feldspathic wehrlites (Fig. 25B). This upper interval is
characterized by generally constant plagioclase, augite, olivine, amphibole, and biotite modes
of 15 to 20%, 10 to 15%, and 50 to 65%, 3 to 5%, trace to 2% respectively (Fig. 19). Grain
size gradually decreases from medium coarse to medium fine-grained (Fig. 20). Augite habit
changes sympathetically with the grain size from subpoikilitic to subhedral granular upsection
(Fig. 20). Plagioclase and olivine habits are consistently poikilitic and subhedral granular,
respectively (Fig. 20). Amphibole habit is generally poikolitic to subpoikilitic but ranges to
anhedral granular in some instances. Alteration is consistently weak for augite, strong for
plagioclase, and grades from strong to moderate up section for olivine (Figs. 20, 27B).
Comparing the upper and lower feldspathic wehrlites, there are several noticeable
distinctions in modal mineralogy and texture. Excluding the heterogeneous basal sections of
both units, the upper feldspathic wehrlite unit is more consistently olivine-rich (>60 modal %),
plagioclase-rich (>15%), and augite-poor (

the dramatic increase in clinopyroxene abundance from 18 to 75%. This very homogenous
unit is made up of olivine clinopyroxenite and feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite (Fig. 18).
Poikilitic plagioclase content is consistently low in the unit, ranging in modal abundance from
5 to 10%. Olivine mode remains constant at 15%. Augite is consistently anhedral granular,
but its abrupt increase in abundance changes its textural occurrence from interstitial in the
upper feldspathic wehrlite unit to intergranular in the upper feldspathic clinopyroxenite unit.
Amphibole and biotite are present in the unit but only in trace amounts.
Above the upper feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite unit is a 17-meter-thick interval of
medium- to medium fine-grained feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite with or without olivine.
The contact between this unit and the previous is marked by a dramatic increase in oxide
content up to 20 to 30% over one to two meters. The abrupt increase in oxide is most obvious
from the magnetic susceptibility measurements (Fig. 19). Modally, the rock types comprising
this thin unit range from feldspathic olivine oxide clinopyroxenites to feldspathic oxide
clinopyroxenites (Fig. 18). Poikilitic plagioclase content increases slightly up-section from 10
to 20%, whilst anhedral granular augite content slightly decreases (70-50%). Olivine ranges
from a maximum mode of 15% to being absent. Amphibole and biotite content ranges from
trace to a combined 2% and are consistently of anhedral granular habit. The top of this unit
shows some significant textural changes including a subtle coarsening, a transition from
poikilitic to subpoikilitic plagioclase and a range of augite habits from subpoikilitic to
subprismatic (Fig. 20).
Finally, the upper 45 meters of the 08BIC044 core is composed of a medium-grained,
well-foliated, intergranular oxide gabbro. This final unit consists of oxide gabbros and
38

localized gabbroic oxide anorthosites (Fig. 18). As observed in core BIC01-01, localized
intervals of gabbroic anorthosite seem to be intimately associated with zones of extreme
epidote-sericite-carbonate alteration. The oxide gabbro unit contains 50 to 70% lath-shaped
plagioclase and 15 to 25% subhedral granular augite (Fig. 26B). Olivine is no longer present at
this level in the intrusion. Amphibole and biotite are only present in trace amounts. Plagioclase
and augite range from moderately to strongly altered to sericite and uralite, respectively.
The mineralogic, textural and alteration attributes of the oxide gabbro, feldspathic oxide
clinopyroxenite, upper feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite, and upper feldspathic wehrlite
stratigraphic units from drill core 08BIC044 are generally similar to the same units identified
in drill core BIC01-01 and the units described in field mapping. Based on these similarities, it
is reasonable to conclude that these four units directly correlate with one another. The
feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite and feldspathic wehrlite that occur in the lower part of drill
core 08BIC044, although sharing generally comparable lithologies with the upper units of the
same name, clearly constitute a distinct package of ultramafic rocks. Therefore, to formalize
the distinction between the two sequences of ultramafic rocks and to distinguish the ultramafic
and gabbroic rocks observed in drill core and in outcrop, the BIC will be hereafter subdivided
into three major zones: the Lower Ultramafic Zone (LUZ), the Upper Ultramafic zone (UUZ),
and the Gabbro Zone (GZ) (Figs. 17, 19, and 20). The Lower Ultramafic Zone is composed of
the lower wehrlite unit and the lower clinopyroxenite unit. The Upper Ultramafic Zone is
made up of the upper wehrlite, upper clinopyroxenite, and oxide clinopyroxenite units. Finally
the Gabbro Zone is comprised of the oxide gabbro unit.
39

Figure 17. Generalized lithostratigraphy of drill hole 08BIC044 with photos of major
lithologies. A) Medium-grained, intergranular, apatitic oxide gabbro. B) Mediumgrained,
feldspathic olivine oxide clinopyroxenite. C) Medium fine-grained,
feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite. D) Medium to medium coarse-grained feldspathic
wehrlite. E) Very fine to fine-grained diabase dike. F) Medium-grained, feldspathic
olivine clinopyroxenite. G) Medium coarse-grained, feldspathic wehrlite.
Figure 18. Modal rock types of samples taken from drill core 08BIC044 based on proportions
of olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase estimated from petrographic observations.
Samples are color coded to lithostratigraphic unit shown in Figure 17 and to their oxide
mode (> or < 15%). Base Modified from Miller et al. 2002.
41

Figure 19. Stratigraphic variation in modal abundance of plagioclase, clinopyroxene and
olivine through 08BIC044. Modal mineralogy visually estimated from 79 thin sections.
Magnetic susceptibility measured by KEMC is taken to be a proxy for Fe-Ti oxide
content.
42

Figure 20. Stratigraphic variation in grain size, mineral habit, and alteration of olivine,
clinopyroxene, and plagioclase through drill core 08BIC044.
43

3.2.3 06BIC007
Drill core 06BIC007 is a 79-meter-long hole drilled vertically into the Little BIC
intrusion (Fig. 2). The hole encountered approximately 36 meters of heterogeneous ultramafic
rock with a narrow interval of semi-massive sulfide mineralization at the base (Fig. 21). The
basal contact of the Little BIC occurs at 36 meters where semi-massive to massive sulfide
comes into contact with hornfels siltstone of the Michigamme Formation. The 06BIC007 core
is composed of vari-textured olivine melagabbro, feldspathic wehrlite, or feldspathic
clinopyroxenite (Fig. 22). Modal abundances of the three major minerals plagioclase, augite,
and olivine are heterogeneous throughout (Fig. 23). Plagioclase content ranges from 10 to
35%, augite from 20 to 45%, and olivine from 15 to 45%. Amphibole and biotite contents
range from 2 to 10% and 1 to 3% respectively. Grain size varies from medium fine to medium
(Fig. 24). Plagioclase habit is generally poikilitic except for one sample at the base which
exhibits a subhedral granular habit. Augite habit is anhedral granular in the bottom half of the
core and poikilitic in the upper half. Olivine is subhedral granular throughout (Fig. 24). Both
amphibole and biotite display anhedral granular habits in the lower half, but amphibole
becomes subpoikolitic near the top while biotite remains anhedral (Fig. 28A).
06BIC007 has yielded the highest Cu, Ni, and PGE values present in the Little BIC
intrusion. Sulfide content increases down core until semi-massive sulfides are intersected at
the base of the ultramafic intrusive rocks. Semi-massive and massive sulfides persist a few
meters into the surrounding slates of the Michigamme formation.
44

Figure 21. Lithostratigraphy of drill hole 06BIC006 with photos showing heterogeneity of the
major lithology. A) Medium-grained feldspathic wehrlite. B) Medium-grained,
sulfide-bearing, feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite. C) Fine- to medium fine-grained,
sulfide-bearing, olivine melagabbro.
45

Figure 22. Modal rock type of samples taken from drill core 06BIC007 plotted on an olivine,
CPX, plagioclase ternary diagram. Base modified from Miller et al. 2002.
46

Figure 23. Modal mineralogy of plagioclase, CPX, and olivine, as well as magnetic
susceptibility through drill core 06BIC007. Modal mineralogy visually estimated from
petrographic observations. Magnetic susceptibility measured by KEMC.
47

Figure 24. Grain size, mineral habit, and alteration of plagioclase, augite (CPX), and olivine
from samples collected through drill core 06BIC007.
48

A
B
Figure 25. A.) Photomicrograph of the chill zone in ppl showing alteration of olivine and
subhedral granular texture of augite. B.) Photomicrograph of the feldspathic wehrlite
unit in ppl showing the common habit and appearance of olivine, augite, and plag.
49

A
B
Figure 26. A) Photomicrograph of the feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite unit in plain
polarized light (ppl) showing its common textures and habits. B.) Photomicrograph of
the Oxide gabbro unit in ppl.
50

A
B
Figure 27. A.) Photomicrograph of the interior of an associated diabase dike with common
textures and mineral habits in cross polarized light. B.) Photomicrograph showing the
common fine grain bluish alteration of plagioclase and the robust nature of CPX (ppl).
51

A
B
Figure 28. A.) Photomicrograph displaying the uncommonly high amphibole content and its
subpoikolitic habit (ppl). B.) Occurrence of apatite in the oxide gabbro zone (ppl).
52

3.3 Mineral Chemistry and Cryptic Layering
Most layered mafic intrusions display an initially high Mg# (=Mg/(Mg+Fe), cation %)
in mafic minerals (olivine and pyroxenes) that progressively decreases (becomes more ironrich)
as fractional crystallization progresses. In addition, abrupt increases in Mg# can indicate
episodes of magma recharge. To evaluate these processes, SEM-EDS analyses of olivine and
augite were measured for 31 samples through the stratigraphy of the BIC intrusion profiled by
drill core 08BIC044 (see Appendix B for complete mineral chemical data). Stratigraphic
variations in mg# (= Mg/(Mg+Fe +2 ) * 100, cation %) in olivine (Fo) and augite (En’) from drill
core 08BIC044 show two cycles of decreasing Mg#. The lower cycle corresponds to the lower
ultramafic zone and upper cycle is defined by the upper ultramafic zone and the gabbro zone
(Fig. 29). This double trend is particularly obvious in the En’ content of augite due in part to
its being relatively unaltered compared to olivine. Indeed, olivine in the upper 200m and the
lowest 15m of the core is completely altered.
Starting from the base of the drill core, the lower feldspathic wehrlite unit has an
average En content of 83.1 and an average Fo of 81.5 (Fig. 29). The Fo and En contents
remain roughly constant throughout the wehrlite unit, though one notable trend is a decrease in
En’ from about En 84 to En 80 at the basal contact. The trend of Fo content at the basal
contact is not clear because of complete alteration of olivine in the lowest two samples.
Passing into the overlying feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite, both En’ and Fo contents
decrease significantly. En’ content of decreases from 83.8 to 78.7. Fo content decreases even
more dramatically from 79.5 at the lower wehrlite-clinopyroxenite contact to 72.0 in the
middle of the 25m-thick, lower feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite unit.
53

At the contact between the lower and upper ultramafic zones, augite composition
increases from En’78 to En’81.8 and then increases to En’85 about 20 meters above the
contact. Upward through the rest of the 263-thick, upper feldspathic wehrlite unit, the En’
content is fairly constant between 83 and 86. The Fo content of olivine also gradually
increases in the lower 50 meters of the upper feldspathic wehrlite unit (from Fo77.9 to Fo81.2)
and then remains constant throughout the remainder of the unit at about Fo81. Beginning with
the abrupt increase in augite mode in the upper feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite and up into
the oxide gabbro unit, the En’ content gradually and systematically decreases from 85 to 75.
Unfortunately, fresh olivine was found only at the base of the clinopyroxenite units and is
altered or not present in the upper units. The one olivine analysis at the base of the olivine
clinopyroxenite unit does show a significant decrease in average Fo, suggesting the beginning
of an iron-enrichment trend similar to that shown by En’ in augite.
54

Figure 29. Stratigraphic variation in Fo and En’ contents of olivine and augite, respectively,
through drill core 08BIC044. See Appendix B for complete mineral chemical data.
55

3.4 Whole rock geochemistry
Geochemical analyses and assays were obtained for twenty seven samples collected
throughout the stratigraphy of the BIC intrusion. Data was acquired for five samples from drill
core BIC01-01, twenty one samples from drill hole 08BIC044 including two standards, and
one field sample from the marginal zone. All samples were analyzed for major and trace
geochemistry and assayed for precious metals (Pt, Pd, and Au). Geochemical analyses are
tabulated by major elements, trace elements, and chalcophile elements and by drill hole and
field sample in Tables 1 through 9.
All values in weight percent
56

All values in parts per million (ppm)
57

All values in parts per million (ppm)
58

4.0 Discussion
The petrographic, mineral chemical and lithogeochemical data presented in the results
section can be used to constrain and interpret several aspects regarding the petrogenesis of the
BIC intrusion. First to be discussed is paragenetic sequence of phase crystallization of the
intrusion implied from its cumulate stratigraphy, which is in and of itself inferred from
interpretations of mineral textures and modes. Next, the cryptic layering of solid solution
minerals will be evaluated in light of the mineral paragenesis. The cumulus stratigraphy and
cryptic layering data will then be used to build a two-stage model of magma emplacement and
fractional crystallization. The next discussion will consider the composition of the magma that
was evidently parental to both magma emplacement events. In the final discussion section,
sulfide mineralization will be discussed in the context of the magmatic history of the BIC
intrusion and will include speculation as to the petrogenetic relationship between the BIC and
Little BIC intrusions.
4.1 Cumulus Stratigraphy and Mineral Paragenesis
A common attribute of mafic layered intrusions is that they show evidence of magmatic
differentiation by phase layering and cryptic mineral layering. Although considerable debate
persists about what produces this differentiation, crystal fractionation driven by crystal settling
(Wager and Brown, 1967) or liquid fractionation driven by liquid expelled from magma
crystallizing in boundary layers (McBirney, 1997), it is clear that separation of primocrystic
crystals from the mother liquid is key. Evidence of this separation is given by the textures of
rocks in differentiated intrusions wherein well-formed minerals (primocrysts) predominate
over interstitially textured minerals that evidently crystallized later from magma entrapped
59

etween the primocrysts. Additional evidence of fractionation is provided by the cryptic
variation in solid solution primocrysts (mg# in olivine and pyroxene, An content of
plagioclase).
In the classic cumulate nomenclature, first proposed by Wager et al. (1960) and
redefined by Irvine (1982) to accommodate both styles of fractionation, early-formed, wellshaped
primocrysts are termed cumulus minerals, whereas minerals exhibiting subpoikilitic to
poikilitic textures are termed intercumulus minerals. In addition to mineral habit, multiply
saturated cumulus phases must occur in approximately the cotectic proportions predicted from
experimental data (e.g., McCallum et al., 1980). Applying this interpretation of the cumulate
nomenclature to the BIC rock types reveals a two-stage cumulus mineral paragenesis resulting
from bottom-up fractional crystallization (Fig. 30).
The first stage of fractional crystallization corresponds to the development of the lower
ultramafic zone observed in core 08BIC044 (Fig. 30). The lower wehrlite unit would be
interpreted as an olivine cumulate with postcumulus augite and plagioclase. Although augite
develops an anhedral to subhedral granular texture in the lower 30 meters of the unit above the
basal contact (Fig. 30), augite is not in cotectic proportions with olivine (Aug:Ol ≈ 3:1;
McCallum et al., 1980) and therefore is not a primocrystic/cumulus phase. Rather, this more
granular habit of augite in the basal interval, as well as a change in plagioclase texture from
poikilitic to subpoikilitic and a fining in olivine grain size, is likely the result of more rapid
cooling at the basal contact resulting in early saturation of augite and plagioclase from the
intercumulus magma. The increase in augite and plagioclase mode in the lower 30 meters of
60

the lower feldspathic wehrlite unit (Fig. 30) is also evidence of rapid cooling producing an
olivine orthocumulate at the basal contact which grades upward into a olivine mesocumulate.
Gabbro
Zone
Cumulate
Stratigraphy
Pl+Cpx+Ox
Cpx+Ox±Ol
Cpx+Ol
Lower Ultramafic Zone Upper Ultramafic Zone
Ol
Orthocumulate
Contact Zone
Cpx+Ol
Ol
Orthocumulate
Contact Zone
Figure 30. Cumulate stratigraphy in core 08BIC044 interpreted from mineral habit and modal
mineralogy.
Above this “orthocumulate contact zone” in the lower feldspathic wehrlite unit (Fig.
30), the olivine mesocumulate grades upward back to an olivine orthocumulate as cumulus
olivine decreases in mode and postcumulus augite increases. The abrupt transition from
subpoikilitic to anhedral granular augite and the increase in Aug/Ol ratio to greater than unity
at 530 meters depth in core 08BIC044 is taken to mark the cumulus arrival of augite. In
cumulate nomenclature, the feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite unit produced by this change in
61

texture and mode classifies this rock as an augite-olivine mesocumulate with postcumulus
plagioclase.
Before plagioclase reached saturation, a second larger magma pulse reset the cumulus
paragenesis to olivine-only crystallization at about 500 meter depth in core 08BIC044. Initial
solidification of the second pulse led to the formation of another orthocumulate contact zone
up to about 445 meters depth in core 08BIC04 (Fig. 30). The mineralogical and textural
attributes of this upper orthocumulate contact zone are similar to the chill at the base of the
lower ultramafic zone. Above the upper orthocumulate contact zone, an olivine mesocumulate
becomes well developed over a thickness of over 200 meters. Although augite is subhedral to
anhedral granular throughout much of this interval, its mode is consistently less than 20% and
far from cotectic relative to olivine mode (~60%). However, at approximately 210 meters in
depth in core 08BIC044, augite mode abruptly increases to over 60% and olivine mode drops
below 20% thus indicating that augite saturation was achieved to form an augite-olivine
cumulate with intercumulus plagioclase. The abrupt increase in magnetic susceptibility at
about 70 meters depth in the core (Fig. 30) implies that Fe-Ti oxide becomes a cumulus phase
here to create a Cpx + Ox ± Ol cumulate. Finally, at approximately 50 meters depth in core
08BIC044, the abrupt increase in plagioclase mode above 50% and its change in habit from
subpoikilitic to subhedral granular laths implies that the magma reached plagioclase saturation.
The loss of olivine at the cumulus arrival of plagioclase produces a Pl+Cpx+Ox cumulate (Fig.
30).
The cumulate stratigraphy defined by the upper ultramafic and gabbro zones in both
cores, namely Ol Aug+Ol Aug+Ol+Ox Pl+Aug+Ox, is the paragenetic sequence one
62

would expect from the fractional crystallization of a low-Al tholeiitic ultramafic magma.
While an estimate of the composition of that magma will be made below, a qualitative
assessment of a possible parent magma could be made using the fosterite-diopside-anorthite
ternary phase diagram shown in Figure 31 (Winter, 2010). The paragenetic sequence of
crystallization observed in the BIC intrusions could be generated by a starting magma
composition corresponding to point PM. Crystallization of olivine from such a composition
drives it to the olivine-clinopyroxene cotectic line at point C. Crystallization of augite and
olivine in roughly a 3:1 ratio drives the magma down the cotectic to the eutectic point E, where
plagioclase joins in a crystallizing phase. In more complex natural systems, the appearance of
Fe-Ti oxide as a crystallizing phase causes a depletion in silica activity and the disappearance
of olivine (Wager and Brown, 1967). This would explain why olivine is lost as a cumulus
phase in the BIC paragenetic sequence soon after the cumulus appearance of oxide.
63

C
E
PM
Figure 31. Fosterite-Anorthite-Diopside ternary phase diagram (from Winter 2010) showing a
a differentiation path of a possible parent magma composition (PM) to the BIC
intrusion.
4.2 Cryptic Mineral Layering
Complimenting the cumulate stratigraphy interpreted above in indicating two stages of
magma emplacement followed by bottom-up-directed fractional crystallization is the cryptic
layering evident in olivine and augite (Fig. 32). Stratigraphic variation in the En’ content of
augite and Fo content of olivine in the lower ultramafic zone vary similarly, except in the lower
64

Cumulate
Stratigraphy
Pl+Cpx+Ox
Cpx+Ox±Ol
Cpx+Ol
Ol
Orthocumulate
Contact Zone
Cpx+Ol
Ol
Orthocumulate
Contact Zone
Figure 32. Stratigraphic variation of En’ content in Augite and Fo content of olivine in
samples from core 08BIC004. Inferred cryptic layering in En’ and Fo shown by dashed
lines. Cumulate stratigraphy interpreted from modal and textural data (Fig. 30) is shown
in column to right.
65

orthocumulate contact zone. Here, while the En content decreases toward the basal contact, the
Fo content of olivine appears to increase (the lowest samples are lacking unaltered olivine). A
similar cryptic trend was observed in the basal contact zone of the Tamarack intrusion, which
Goldner (2010) interpreted to be a consequence of quenching an olivine porphyritic parent
magma. The high Fo content of primocrystic olivine phenocrysts is generally preserved in the
chill zone by a minimum of postcumulus overgrowth and subsequent reequilibration. In
contrast, augite in the contact zone is not a primocryst, but instead crystallized from the magma
transporting the olivine phenocrysts. As will be discussed in Section 3.3 below, the mg# of the
parental magma is estimated to be in the range of 68-70.
The cryptic layering of mg# in augite and olivine above the lower orthocumulate
contact zone shows similar trends (Fig. 32). En’ and Fo vary little through the feldspathic
wehrlite unit while cumulus olivine is crystallizing but decreases dramatically after augite
becomes a cumulus phase. This likely reflects the increased depletion of MgO from the
magma due to the fractional crystallization of mafic silicates and the fact that augite
incorporates a greater Mg/Fe ratio from the magma than olivine (note that En’ contents are
about 5% greater than Fo contents in a given sample). This decrease in mg# of olivine and
augite is abruptly reversed crossing from the olivine clinopyroxenite cumulate of the lower
ultramafic zone into the feldspathic wehrlite orthocumulate at the base of the upper ultramafic
zone (Fig. 32).
Clearly this contact represents the input of a new primitive pulse of magma above the
lower ultramafic zone. In contrast to the diverging variation of En and Fo content in the lower
orthocumulate zone, however, the variation of augite and olivine composition in the upper
66

orthocumulate zone similarly increase in mg# upsection. This coparallel cryptic variation may
have resulted from the crystallization of postcumulus olivine on primocrystic olivine due to
less rapid cooling of the new pulse. Subsolidus reequilibration of the cumulus and
postcumulus olivine would have produced a significant trapped liquid shift (Barnes et al.,
1978) to lower Fo contents in orthocumulates closer to the basal contact. An alternative or
additional explanation is that the gradation in compositions in the upper contact zone reflects a
mixing between evolved resident magma and the new pulse of more primitive magma.
As observed in the lower ultramafic zone, cryptic variation in Fo and En through the
crystallization of cumulus olivine in the upper feldspathic wehrlite unit is negligible (Fig. 32).
With the onset of cumulus augite crystallization, however, the En’ content systematically
decreases. The Fo content of olivine also begins to decrease, but complete alteration in the
upper olivine clinopyroxenite unit prevents knowing if this trend continues. Still, a smooth
cryptic layering of cumulus augite composition through the upper ultramafic zone and into the
gabbro zone, coupled with a cumulus phase paragenesis consistent with the progressive
differentiation of a low-Al, ultramafic magma (Fig. 31), implies that the upper part of the BIC
intrusion experience bottom-up fractional crystallization under closed conditions.
4.3 Emplacement and Crystallization Model
With the cumulus stratigraphy and cryptic layering through core 08BIC004 clearly
showing formation of the BIC intrusion by two stages of magma emplacement followed by
fractional crystallization from the floor up, a model is proposed in Figure 33 that integrates
these results with field mapping and other drill core information provided by Kennecott.
67

The BIC intrusion was emplaced as a lens-shaped body in the vicinity of the
unconformity between Archean gneisses of the Northern Complex and overlying
Paleoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Baraga Group. The Paleoproterozoic sequence
has a moderate dip to the north due to occupying the northern limb of a broad anticline (Fig. 1).
The Baraga Group in this area is composed of the Goodrich Quartzite and the ,Michigamme
Formation, which is composed of four members - a lower chert carbonate, a lower slate, the
Bijiki sulfide iron formation, and an upper slate. At the time that the BIC intrusion was
emplaced, an unknown thickness of Midcontinent Rift volcanics rested unconformably on the
Baraga Group sedimentary rocks (Fig. 33).
Given the more severe chilling effects of its contact zone, the lower ultramafic zone
magma was the first to intrude in the vicinity of the Northern Complex gneiss and Goodrich
quartzite unconformity. The presence of chert carbonate inclusions near the lower and upper
ultramafic zone contact imply that this unit formed the hanging wall of the lower ultramafic
zone intrusion (Fig. 33A). Once emplaced the lower ultramafic zone magmas began to
fractionally crystallize from the base up. Fractional crystallization progressed from cumulus
olivine creating the feldspathic wehrlite through cumulus augite and olivine creating the
olivine clinopyroxenite unit. The conduit was then reopened and a second pulse of ultramafic
magma of substantially greater volume was injected above it (Fig. 33B).
The second pulse of magma injected above the crystallized portions of the lower
ultramafic zone and mixed with the remaining uncrystallized magma of the first pulse. The
second pulse of magma ballooned outwards creating a much larger magma chamber which
came to rest with its base just above the Goodrich quartzite and its top in the middle of the
68

upper slate of the Michigamme formation (Fig. 33C). That the second pulse was substantially
larger than the first is evidenced by the fact that the lower ultramafic zone is encountered in
only a few drill cores that penetrate deep beneath the northern flank of the intrusion.
Like the first pulse, the second pulse fractionally crystallized from the base up and
presumably the walls and roof inward. The first unit to crystallize in the upper ultramafic zone
was the feldspathic wehrlite which due to mixing with the first pulse of magma includes a
more heterogeneous and evolved basal interval. The magma then became saturated in augite to
form the feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite unit, followed by Fe-Ti oxide to form the
feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite unit, and finally plagioclase to form the oxide gabbro unit
(Fig. 33D). The end stage of fractional crystallization-driven differentiation is not clear, but if
similar to the Tamarack intrusion, it likely included saturation in apatite and enrichment in
granophyre (Goldner, 2010).
After fractional crystallization led to the solidification of the intrusion, the lower
ultramafic zone was intruded by several small mafic dikes or sheets of intergranular olivine
diabase, which appear to be part of the Baraga dike swarm (Rossell, 2008). Finally the
overlying rocks and the upper most portions of the BIC were eroded leading to the BIC’s
present-day exposure (Fig. 33E). The profiles of the two drill core studied here are shown in
Figure 33E.
69

Figure 33. Two-stage model for the emplacement and fractional crystallization of the lower
ultramafic, upper ultramafic, and gabbro zones of the BIC intrusion. BIC units are as
shown elsewhere in this report: Violet - feldspathic wehrlite; Blue - olivine
clinopyroxenite and oxide clinopyroxenite; Purple - oxide gabbro.
A. Initial emplacement of lower ultramafic zone magmas
B. Fractional crystallization of lower ultramafic zone
70

C. Emplacement of upper ultramafic and gabbro zone magma
D. Fractional crystallization of upper ultramafic and gabbro zone magma
E. Erosion to present level
71

4.4 Parental Magma Composition
Based on the cryptic mineral variation and cumulate stratigraphy of the intrusion, it can
clearly be seen that the BIC was formed by the emplacement of two successive pulses of
magma. Given the similar cumulate sequences and mineral chemistries between the two
ultramafic zones, it seems plausible that the two crystallization sequences were formed from a
similar parent magma. To more rigorously evaluate this possibility, however, requires
comparing the trace element compositions of the two ultramafic sequences.
Whole rock incompatible trace element data normalized to primitive mantle and rare
earth element data normalized to chondrites from both drill cores (Tables 4 and 5) are plotted
in Figures 34 and 35, respectively. The parallel patterns of the normalized trace element
analyses from the lower ultramafic zone, upper ultramafic zone, and gabbro zone is obvious in
these plots, especially among the REE data (Fig. 35). Because fractional crystallization can
only change the relative abundance of these elements and not the overall shape and slope of the
plot, one must conclude that each of the three zones came from the same parental magma
source. The differences in absolute normalized abundances in these plots can be attributed to
variations in the proportion of cumulus minerals (poor in incompatible trace elements) to
postcumulus minerals (representing the incompatible element rich intercumulus liquid. For
example, orthocumulates will plot higher on the diagrams than mesocumulates. The bottom
line is that the two pulses of magma which created the three zones must have had the same
parental magma composition.
72

Figure 34. Normalization spider diagram plotting the relative abundances of incompatible
trace elements for the three zones normalized to primitive mantle values. Primitive
mantle values taken from Sun and McDonough, 1989.
Lower chill sample
Figure 35. Normalization spider diagram plotting the relative abundances of rare earth
elements for the three zones normalized to chondrite values. Chondrite values taken
from Sun and McDonough, 1989.
73

Estimating the composition of this common parental magma composition can take
advantage of the recognition that the basal contact of the lower ultramafic zone has
compositional and textural attributes that indicate that it formed by quenching an olivine
porphyritic magma against Archean gneiss with negligible obvious contamination. The
lowermost sample (08BIC004-666) has a medium fine-grained texture with subhedral olivine
pseudomorphs in a matrix of subpoikilitic plagioclase and subprismatic to subhedral granular
augite (Fig. 25A). Compositionally, this chill sample has the highest concentration of
incompatible trace elements of all samples collected from the BIC intrusion (Fig. 35). This is
further evidence that this sample has a high proportion of trapped liquid to cumulus minerals in
its bulk composition and can be useful in estimating the parental magma of the BIC.
The texture of the basal chill sample indicates that it was not entirely formed by the
quenching of the magma, but has accumulated some primocrystic olivine. The mode of olivine
in the basal chill is approximately 35%. The amount of that olivine which is in excess of a
liquid composition is difficult to directly estimate since the total amount of olivine is likely a
combination of primocrystic phenocrysts and postcumulus overgrowth. As a first
approximation, it will be assumed that about half of that mode is primocrystic, in other words,
15 to 20%. The most magnesian olivine in the lower ultramafic zone has a composition of Fo 83
(Fig. 32). Although this is likely not a primocrystic composition, it is useful for a first
approximation. Removal of 15 and 20% Fo 83 olivine from the chill composition yields
possible parent magma compositions listed in Table 10.
Comparing the two parent magma estimates for BIC with similarly performed estimates
for the Tamarack intrusion (Goldner, 2010) shows that the BIC estimates have lower silica and
74

aluminum but higher titanium, iron, and calcium contents. The lower Al concentration is
consistent with the delayed appearance of plagioclase in BIC compared with its cumulus
arrival soon after augite in the Tamarack intrusion. Interestingly, the mg#s of the two parent
magma estimates for the BIC bracket the mg# estimated for the Tamarack by Goldner (2010).
The mg# number for the two parent magma estimates of between 67.7 to 70.3 should produce
primocrystic olivine more in the range of Fo 88 . This proves the point that the Fo 83 composition
used in the calculation is somewhat evolved from the primocrystic composition, though it
would not significantly change the results shown in Table 10.
Table 10. Major element compositions of olivine and BIC chill zone sample 08BIC004.###
used to calculate possible parent magma compositions based on extracting 20% and
15% primocrystic olivine from the chilled composition. The parent magma estimated
for the Tamarack intrusion by a similar method (Goldner, 2010) is shown for
comparison.
75

As an independent test of the plausibility of the calculated parent magma composition
given in Table 10, the estimates were applied to the PELE program developed by Boudreau
(1999). This program adapts the thermodynamically-based phase equilibrium algorithm of
MELTS Ghiorso and Sack (1995) to a PC platform with an interface that allows for the
simulation of crystallization of an input magma at various pressures and oxygen fugacities.
Three fractional crystallization models were run for each of the two parent magma estimates
(Table 10) with oxygen fugacity buffered at QMF-2, QFM, and QFM+2, where QFM stands
for the quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer and the numbers are the log units above and below the
QFM buffer .
Five out of the six fractional crystallization models (Fig. 36) produced a mineral
paragenesis that matched the observed cumulate arrival order of Ol Cpx Ox Plag.
The only model which gives a slightly incorrect cumulus arrival order is the 20% extracted
olivine compositions at the QFM buffer which gives a cumulus arrival order of Ol Cpx
Plag Ox (Fig. 36B) and this is only off by a very small amount with plagioclase becoming
cumulus at nearly the same time as oxide.
A. QFM+2
76

B. QFM
C. QFM-2
Figure 36. Mineral paragenesis calculated from fractional crystallization of parental magma
estimated by the removal of 20% Fo 83 olivine modeled using PELE with three different
oxygen fugacities: QFM+2 (A), QFM (B), QFM-2(C).
77

A. QFM+2
B. QFM
C. QFM-2
78

Figure 37. Mineral paragenesis calculated from fractional crystallization of parental magma
estimated by the removal of 15% Fo 83 olivine modeled using PELE with three different
oxygen fugacities: QFM+2 (A), QFM (B), QFM-2(C).
The success of these models to calculate the observed cumulate paragenesis of major
minerals is an independent test on the plausibility of the parent magma estimates. Because all
three of the models were run using the parent magma estimate that removed 15% primocrystic
olivine gave not only the correct sequence of cumulus mineral arrivals, but also gave a better
approximation of the timing of each arrival, it is seen as the best possible estimate of the parent
magma that formed the two magmatic stages of the BIC intrusion.
4.5 History of sulfide saturation during crystallization
The abundance of chalcophile elements in core 08BIC004 (Fig. 38) provides some
insight into the history of sulfide saturation during the emplacement and crystallization history
of the BIC intrusion. These data suggest that the BIC underwent three stages of sulfide
saturation. The first saturation event occurred with the first pulse of magma that formed the
lower ultramafic zone when it was injected into cold country rock. The magma was most
likely oversaturated due to a basal silica contamination event which caused a decrease in the
sulfide carrying capacity which caused the sulfide to rain out of the melt and collect at the
bottom of the magma chamber. All of the metals however seem to have been scavenged out of
the magma by the time the lower feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite crystallized. This
saturation event can be clearly seen in the relatively high metal tenors present in the basal
feldspathic wehrlite unit (Fig. 38).
79

The second event occurs just above the boundary between the lower ultramafic zone
and upper ultramafic zone. As was previously discussed the second pulse of magma rushed in
and ballooned the chamber outward and mixed with the residual magma of the first pulse. The
leading edge of the second pulse could have become oversaturated by mixing with sulfide in
the feeder of the BIC intrusion or by mixing with the already saturated first pulse. Continued
input of sulfur-poor (uncontaminated) magma during the second emplacement event ultimately
caused the magma system to become undersaturated.
The third sulfur saturation event occurred more passively due to progressive fractional
crystallization of the upper ultramafic zone. Figure 30 shows that as silicate crystallization
continued in the upper ultramafic zone, that sulfur saturation was reestablished just above the
cumulus arrival of augite as can be seen in the slight boost in Pd and Pt contents and the slight
fall in the Pd/Cu ratio. The peak in copper concentration occurs above those of Pd and Pt
suggesting possible remobilization. Nickel on the other hand appears to have been already
depleted due to the prior crystallization of olivine prior to resaturation.
80

Figure 38. Plot of Cu, Ni, Pd, and Pt content as well as Pd/Cu values vs stratigraphic height in
core 08BIC004. Red dots denote assays taken by KEMC, blue dots denote assays taken
for this study.
4.6 Miscellaneous Intrusions
4.6.1 Little BIC
The Little BIC intrusion is a small bowl shaped ultramafic intrusion with an unknown
relationship to the main BIC intrusions. The little BIC is considerably more mineralized than
the main BIC intrusions, contains net textured and massive sulfides rather the disseminated
81

sulfides seen in the main intrusions. The stratigraphy of the intrusion is made up of feldspathic
wehrlites, feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenites, and olivine melagabbros. The stratigraphy of
Little BIC is slightly more plagioclase rich than similar ultramafic rocks in the lower and upper
ultramafic zones of the main intrusion. Due to the heterogeneity of the stratigraphy no
correlation or relationship can be made between the main BIC intrusions and Little BIC.
4.6.2 Miscellaneous Dikes
Dikes cross cutting the BIC stratigraphy have been observed in drill core and in the
field. Drill core 08BIC044 contains three mafic dikes in the base of the upper ultramafic
zones. The three dikes range from three to ten meters in thickness and have geochemical
attributes very similar to high titanium Baraga diabase dikes (Wilband and Wasuwanich,
1980). The geochemical similarities suggest that these dikes are also part of the Baraga Dike
Swarm.
A small dike consisting of coarse grained oxide bearing hornblende clinopyroxenite
was observed on the eastern margin of the intrusion. The dike was in sharp contact with
feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite of the upper ultramafic zone. The true thickness and
orientation of this dike as well as its relationship to the BIC is unknown.
5.0 Conclusions
The major observations and conclusions of this study are as follows:
• BIC is a small basin shaped intrusion roughly 1200 meters long and 450 meters wide.
• Core logging, field mapping, and petrographic observations suggest the BIC intrusion
consists of three zones. The lower ultramafic zone, which consists of a basal feldspathic
82

wehrlite followed by a feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite. The upper ultramafic zone,
which is comprised of a feldspathic wehrlite overlain in turn by feldspathic olivine
clinopyroxenite, and feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite. Finally at the top the gabbro
zone is made up of an oxide gabbro.
• Cryptic mineral layering and cumulate stratigraphy suggest that the BIC was formed by
fractional crystallization under closed system conditions.
• The BIC was formed by two episodes of magmatic emplacement of a high-magnesium
olivine tholeiitic parent magma with an Mg# between 68 and 71.
• Both injections of magma came from the same parental magma source.
• The Parent magmas of the lower ultramafic, upper ultramafic, and gabbro zones were
generated by a deep mantle plume source.
• The lower ultramafic zone was emplaced first, followed by the upper ultramafic zone
and gabbro zone.
• The intrusion experienced three sulfide saturation events. The first due to basal
contamination. The second oversaturation event was most likely cause by
contamination of the magma by sulfide in the feeder and the third event was due to
progressive fractional crystallization.
83

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86

Appendix A
Petrographic Description
Cumulate Type
Summary description including grain size, primary textures, mineral modifiers, and modal rock type NC-not a cumulate
common abbreviations:
?-possible cumulate
decus, plam, mlam, wlam - decussate, poorly, moderately and well laminated
P/p-plagioclase
mfine, med, mcrs, crs, vcrs - medium fine-, medium-, medium coarse-, coarse-, very coarse-grained O/o-olivine
poik, subpoik - poikilitic, subpoikilitic
C/c-clinopyroxene
igran- intergranular
F/f-Fe-Ti oxide
oliv, ol -olivine
I/i-inverted pigeonite
aug-augite
H/h-hypersthene
plag, pl-plagioclase
B/b-biotite
hyp-hypersthene
H/h -hornblende
ipig-inverted pigeonite
A/a-apatite
feox- Fe-Ti oxide
g-granophyre
apat-apatite
k-K-feldspar
bio-biotite
q-quartz
amph-amphibolite
s-sulfide
gp-granophyre
brg-bearing
Relative
Grain Size
Absolute
Distribution of primocryst grain sizes in rock
Grain Size
EG-equigranular
Average width of granular phases; for rectangular phases, width of short dimension
SR-seriate (gradation in GS)
VF-very fine (30 mm)
SO-small Ol (submm sized)compared to PL
FM-variable fine to medium
21-small gran oxide dispered in lg PL and Ol
FC-variable fine to coarse
CM-variable coarse to medium
CPX-based
PM-variable pegmatitic to medium
Bulk Rock Texture
Cpx-based texture when >2%
Non-granular CNA-Cpx

OS-olivine symplectite (opx+feox)
PS-plag symplectite (opx+an)
SM-both oliv & plag symplectite abundant
PK-perthitic exsol of plag from alk feldspar
KP-antiperthitic exsol of alk feldspar from plag
AM-late stage pockets rich in accessory mins
GB-granoblastic recrystallization
SD-fine sulfide dispersed in silicates around larger mass
OF-olivine rims on oxide
HF-hypersthene rims on oxide
UA- uralite --> crs amphibole in Cpx
Mineral
Alignment
Based on alignment of plagioclase and other prismatic primary phases
NA- not applicable, no prismatic phases
DC-decussate
NF-non-foliated
PF-poorly foliated
MF-moderately foliated
WF-well foliated
FT-felty
RD-radiate
PL-plumose
SP-spherulitic
VR-variolitic (fan)
ALB-albitization
URL-uralitization (actinolite)
AMP-amphibolitization (act/hb)
CHL-chloritization
CAB-chlorite+amph+biotite alteration
KAO-kaolinitization
BIO-biotite alteration
SRP-serpentinization (serp+mt)
IDD-iddingsite alteration
TLC-talc alteration
PRP-prehnite/pumpellyite alteration
CRB-carbonate
KAO-kaolinitization
QTZ-quartz veining
ZEO-zeolitization
LXN-leucoxene after ilmenite
88

Appendix A-1 Bulk Rock Petrography
By: Dan Foley
Date: Modal Cumuate
Sample ID Strat Unit Field/Core Log Description Petrographic Description Rock Type Type
01-01-9.1 oxgb Med wfol gabbro str alt med wfol sprism gran ox gabbro w/ spoik calcite OXGB PCF
01-01-15.5 oxgb Med wfol gabbro str epidote alt med wfol sprism gran apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCFA
01-01-19.9 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med wfol sprism apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCFA
01-01-31.2 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med wfol sprism apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCFA
01-01-32.0 oxgb med crs w fol gabbro str alt med wfol sprism apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCFA
01-01-36.6 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med wfol apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCF(O?)A
01-01-43.2 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med nfol apatitic ox gabbro w/ apoik plag OXGB pCFA
01-01-44.5 oxgb poikolitic gabbroic anorthosite str epidote alt med wfol apatitic ox leuco gabbro w/ spoik cal LCGB PC?FA
01-01-46.1 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med pfol apatitic ox gab w/ spoik plag and cal OXGB pCFA
01-01-47.2 oxgb pyroxene oxide cummulate mod to str alt med pfol apatitic ox gab w/ poik plag and spoik cal OXGB pCFA
01-01-50.6 oxgb pyroxene oxide cummulate mod to str alt med pfol ox melagab w/ poik plag MLGB CpF
01-01-54.7 foxcp pyroxene oxide cummulate mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX CFpOa
01-01-58.4 foxcp pyroxene oxide cummulate mod alt med to med crs nfol feldspathic ox clinopyroxenite FLPX Cfp
01-01-60.5 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf
01-01-75.5 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf
01-01-89.45 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf
01-01-104.3 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf
01-01-117.2 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag OCPX COpf
01-01-130.5 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag OCPX COpf
01-01-143.5 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag OCPX COpf
01-01-151.6 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf
01-01-155.9 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf
01-01-160.5 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med to med crs nfol feldspathic ox olivine clinopyroxenite FLPX CpOF
01-01-162.4 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/ poik plag FLWH OCpf
01-01-163.4 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/ poik plag FLWH OCpf
01-01-166.0 fwer med wehrlite str alt med fn nfol oxide bearing sub wehrlite w/poik plag, intersticial gran CPX WRLT Ocpf
01-01-173.7 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f
01-01-183.0 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f
01-01-196.0 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Opch f
01-01-207.9 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f
01-01-221.7 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f
01-01-235.9 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f
01-01-244.65 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn to med oxide bearing honblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f
01-01-248.8 fwer crs sulfidic wehrlite mod alt med to med crs oxide bearing sub ophitic hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hb FLWH Ocph f
01-01-253.4 fwer crs sulfidic wehrlite mod alt med to med crs oxide bearing sub ophitic hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hb FLWH Ocph f
01-01-257.3 fwer crs sulfidic wehrlite mod alt med crs oxide bearing sub poik hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hb FLWH Ocph Sf
01-01-261.7 fwer crs sulfidic wehrlite str alt med crs oxide bearing sulfidic sub poik hornblende wehrlite w/poik hb WRLT Ocph f
01-01-265.5 fwer crs sulfidic wehrlite mod alt med crs oxide bearing sub poik hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag WRLT Ocph f
01-01-268.7 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite wk alt med oxide bearing sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCph f
01-01-271.1 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite wk alt med oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCpf
01-01-273.4 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite wk alt med oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCpf
01-01-278.5 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite wk alt med oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCpf
01-01-286.2 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt oxide bearing augite mela troctolite w/poik plag MLTR OpCf
01-01-295.8 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt med to med crs oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCpf
01-01-303.0 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt med oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH Ocpf
01-01-306.1 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt med oxide bearing sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OpcSf
01-01-308.85 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt med oxide bearing sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OCpSf
01-01-310.6 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite comp alt med oxide bearIng sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite FLWH OCpSf?
044-11.0 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro mod alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w/spoik calcite OXGB PCFA
044-19.5 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro mod alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w/spoik calcite OXGB PCFA
044-29.75 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro mod alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w/spoik calcite OXGB PCFA
044-38.0 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro str alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w-spoik calcite OXGB PCFA
044-44.8 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro str alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w-spoik calcite OXGB PCFA
044-50.5 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro mod alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w/spoik calcite OXGB PCFA
044-52.0 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro str alt med wfol apatitic sub ophitic oxide leucogabbro LCGB PFca
044-54.5 foxcp med oxide pyroxenite wk alt med nfol apatitic feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite w/spoik plag FLPX CpFa
044-57.3 foxcp med oxide pyroxenite mod alt med nfol feldspathic olivine oxide clinopyroxenite w/spoik plag FLPX CFpO
044-62.4 foxcp med oxide pyroxenite mod alt med nfol apititic feldspathic olivine oxide clinopyroxenite w/spoik plag,cal FLPX CFpO
044-66.4 foxcp med olivine oxide pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine oxide clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CFpO
044-67.4 foxcp med olivine oxide pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine oxide clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CFpO
044-68.5 focp med fn pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic olivine pyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CpOfa
044-69.3 focp med fn pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic olivine pyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CpOfa
044-71.5 focp med fn pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine pyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COpf
044-74.8 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COpf
044-88.5 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COpf
044-104.1 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COpf
044-116.4 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp
044-129.4 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp
044-147 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp
044-163.2 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp
044-180 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COp
044-188.5 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp
044-194.3 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COp
044-201.2 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COp
044-207.1 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol sulfidic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COpS
044-212.5 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH Ocp
044-229.5 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn to med nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH Opc
044-246.0 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch
044-257.1 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opc
044-274.3 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opc
044-284.8 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opc
044-307.3 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch
044-323.6 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch
044-332.0 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch
044-340.2 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch
044-351.5 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med fn nfol oxide bearing felspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH Opch
044-362.4 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med fn nfol felspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH Opch
044-373.4 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Opch a
044-385.0 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Opch a
044-401.1 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic melatroctolite w/poik plag, CPX MLTR Opch a
89

BULK MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCK DESCRIPTION
Absolute Relative CPX-based Non-granular Non-granular Mineral Deuteric Alteration
Grain Size Grain Size Texture Texture 1 Texture 2 Alignment Layering Late Magmatic Features Intensity Distribution Assemblage
MM EG IGR CSP WF S ED SSR SER CHL
MM EG IGR CSP WF S PD SSR CHL
MM EG IGR CSP WF M-S ED SSR CHL SER
MM EG IGR WF M-S ED SSR CHL SER
MM EG IGR WF S ED SSR CHL SER
MM EG IGR WF M-S ED SSR CHL SER
MM SP IGR PSP NF M-S ED SSR CHL SER
MM EG IGR CSP WF S PD SSR CHL
MM SP IGR PSP CSP PF M-S ED SSR CHL SER
MM PK IGR PPK CSP PF M-S ED SER CHL
MM PK IGR PPK PF M-S ED SER CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF M-S ED SER CHL SRP
MM-MC PK IGR PPK NF AP AF BF M PO-PD CHL SSR AMP
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF W-M PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF W-M PO-PD SRP SER TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF BF W-M PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP AMP
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP AMP
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SER AMP
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SRP TLC CHL
MF PK ING PPK NF S PO-PD SRP CHL TLC
MF PK ING PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK ING PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK ING PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK ING PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK ING PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK ING PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF-MM PK ING PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MM-MC PK SPK PPK APK NF AP M PO-PD CHL SRP AMP
MC PK SPK PPK APK NF AP M PO-PD CHL SRP AMP
MC PK SPK PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP AMP
MC PK SPK PPK APK NF AP S PO-PD SRP CHL SER
MC PK SPK PPK NF AP AF BF M PO-PD SRP CHL SER
MM PK IGR PPK NF AP AF BF W ED SRP SER AMP
MM PK IGR PPK NF W ED SRP TLC SER
MM PK IGR PPK NF W ED SRP TLC SER
MM PK IGR PPK NF BF W ED SRP TLC SER
MM PK IGR PPK APK NF AF BF M ED SRP TLC SER
MM-MC PK IGR PPK NF BF M ED SRP TLC SER
MM SP SPK PSP NF AP BF M ED SRP TLC SER
MM SP ING PSP NF AP BP M ED SRP TLC SER
MM SP IGR PSP NF M ED SRP TLC SER
MM SP IGR? PSP? NF BP C ED SRP SER AMP
MM EG IGR CSP WF M ED SER CHL SSR
MM EG IGR CSP WF M ED SER CHL
MM EG IGR CSP WF M ED SER CHL
MM EG IGR CSP WF S ED SER SSR CHL
MM EG IGR CSP WF S ED SER SSR CHL
MM EG IGR CSP WF M ED SER SSR CHL
MM SP SOP WF S ED SER SSR CHL
MM SP IGR PSP CSP NF W ED SER SSR CHL
MM SP IGR PSP NF M PO-PD SER CHL SRP
MM PK IGR PSP CSP NF M PO-PD SER SRP CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SER SRP CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SER SRP CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SER SRP CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SER SRP CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SER SRP CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF W PO-PD TLC SRP CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF BF W PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF W PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF W PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF W PO-PD TLC SRP SER
MF PK IGR PPK NF BF W PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF BF W PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF BF W PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF BF W PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF BF AF W PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF BF W PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK IGR PPK NF W PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MF PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MF-MM PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF BF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP
MM PK ING PPK NF S PO-PD CHL SRP SSR
MM PK ING PPK NF S PO-PD CHL SRP SSR
MC PK SPK PPK NF S PO-PD CHL SRP SSR
MC PK SPK PPK NF AP S PO-PD CHL SRP SSR
MC PK SPK PPK NF S PO-PD CHL SRP SSR
90

044-414.7 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Opch a
044-429.5 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Opch a
044-435.9 db diabase wk alt fn nfol oxide olivne? gabbro OXGB CPFO?
044-440.75 db diabase mod alt med fn nfol oxide olivne gabbro OXGB CPFO
044-444.7 db diabase wk alt very fine plagioclase and olivine phyric diabse DB ?
044-445.3 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite mod alt med crs n fol wehrlite w/poik plag WRLT OCph
044-454.9 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCph a
044-462.5 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCph a
044-465.5 db diabase wk alt fn nfol oxide olivne gabbro OXGB CPFO?
044-470.2 fwer med crs sulficic wehrlite mod alt med crs nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH OpcSa
044-472.3 fwer med crs sulficic wehrlite str alt med crs nfol sulfidic apatitic feldspathic mela troctolite w poik plag, CPX MLTR OpcSa
044-480.0 cc layered carbonatae chert inclusion chert inclusion with carbonate veins CHERT QCAL
044-485.2 db diabase with granite inclusions fine contaminated sulfidic granophyric diabase with meta sed inclusions GRPH gCFS
044-486.7 db diabase with granite inclusions fine sulfidic diabase w/calcite veining DB CPS
044-489.7 db diabase with granite inclusions inclusion of med crs n fol augite melatroctolite w/poik plag in diabase MLTR pOC
044-494.5 db diabase with granite inclusions fine contaminated sulfidic granophyric diabase with meta sed mela aug troc inclusions MLTR pOC
044-497.5 fwer med to med crs calcite veined wehrlite mod alt med n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poikplag FLWH OpC
044-502.7 focp ??? mod alt med n fol apatitic feldspathic clinopyroxenite w/spoik plag FLPX Cph a
044-511.7 focp ??? mod alt med n fol apatitic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/spoik plag FLPX CpOa
044-519.7 focp ??? mod alt med n fol apatitic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COpa
044-530.5 focp ??? mod alt med to med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag, spoik CPX FLPX COpa
044-545 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocph a
044-555 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX WRLT Ocpa
044-570 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX WRLT Ocph a
044-585 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX WRLT Ocph a
044-600 fwer ??? str alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite wpoik plag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocph a
044-615 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite wpoik plag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocpa
044-630 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic hornblende wehrlite wpoik plag, spoik CPX WRLT Oh cpa
044-635 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite wpoik plag FLWH Oh cpa
044-640 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite wpoik plag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocph a
044-645 fwer ??? str alt med n fol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OpCSh a
044-650 fwer ??? str alt med n fol apatitic sulfidic hornblende olivine melagabbro w/spoik plag MLOG COpSh a
044-655 fwer ??? str alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OCpSa
044-660 fwer ??? str alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OCpSa
044-666 fwer ??? str alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OCpSa
044-670 grnt ??? str alt med n fol partially melted sulfidic granite GRNT QPKS?
044-672 grnt ??? mod alt med nfol granite GRNT QPKS?
007-7.1 med fine olivine rich ultramafic mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Ocph a
007-11.1 med sulfidic olivine rich ultramafic mod alt med nfol apatitic sulfide bearing feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Ocph a
007-17.0 med sulfidic olivine rich ultramafic mod alt med nfol apatitic sulfide bearing feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Ocph a
007-20.4 med mottled sulfidic unit mod alt med fn nfol apatitic sulfidic hornblende olivine melagabbro w/poik plag MLGB pCOSh a
007-21.4 heterogenious fine to course sufidic ultramafic ????? Granophyre OPX rim on CPX
007-22.57 heterogenious fine to course sufidic ultramafic mod alt med fn nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COpSa
007-25.3 med sulfidic olivine CPX rich ultramafic mod alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, spoik FLWH OcpSh a
CPX
007-27.6 med sulfidic olivine CPX rich ultramafic wk alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic augite troctolite w/poik plag, spoik CPX MLTR OcpSa
007-30.6 med sulfidic olivine CPX rich ultramafic mod alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, spoik CPX FLWH OcpSa
007-33.0 diss sulfide in med ultramafic mod alt fn to med fn n fol granular apatitic olivine mela gabbro MLGB CPOSa
007-33.7 semi massive sulfide and hornfels str alt med fn semi massive sulfide and mela gabbroic melt in very fn metased MSLF CPOSga
Field Samples
BIC-43 crs to vcrs oxide monzodiorite mod alt med crs pfol sub ophitic oxide gabbro OXGB PCF
BIC-23 crs oxide gabbro mod alt med crs pfol gran apatitic oxide gabbro OXGB PCFa
BIC-11 mod foliated oxide gabbro mod alt med fn m fol gran apatitic oxide gabbro OXGB PCFa
BIC-3A Oxide gabbro mod alt med fn nfol gran apatitic oxide gabbro OXGB PCFa
BIC-14 med oxide gabbro wk alt med fn p fol gran oxide gabbro OXGB PCF
BIC-12B granophyric oxide gabbro str alt med to med fn pfol gran apatitic granophyric oxide gabbro GPGB PCFga
BIC-45 granophyric oxide gabbro mod alt med fn n fol cpx, hb, qtz, ferro monzodiorite QFMD CpFQKa
BIC-26 med oxide gabbro mod alt med fn pfol oxide mela gabbro MLGB CpF
BIC-12A med granophyric felds pyrox mod alt med nfol apatitic feldspathic oxide clinpyroxenite w/spoik plag, felsic patches FLPX CpFa
BIC-22 upper felds oxide pyrox wk alt med pfol oxide mela gabbro w/spoik plag MLGB CpF
BIC-3B upper feldspathic oxide pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CFpa
BIC-3C middle feldspathic oxide pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic oxide clinopyroxenite w/poik plag CLPX CFpa
BIC-21 oxide feldspathic pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX Cpfa
BIC-16 feldspathic pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CpOfa
BIC-3D lower feldspathic pyroxenite str alt med fn nfol quartz bearing apatitic feldspathic clinopyroxenie w/poik plag FLPX CpfQa
BIC-2A upper ultramafic mod alt med nfol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poikplag, spoik CPX FLWH Opch a
BIC-2B lower ultramafic mod alt med nfol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poikplag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocph a
Dike
BIC-19 crs granophyric clinopyroxenite dike wk alt med crs nfol apatitic oxide bearing hornblende clinopyroxenite w/poik plag CLPX Ch pfa
91

MC PK SPK PPK NF AP S PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MC PK SPK PPK NF AP S PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
FF EG IGR NF W ED SSR TLC SRP?
MF EG IGR NF M ED SSR TLC SRP
VF MP IGR? NF WK ED SRP SSR
MC PK IGR PPK NF AP M PO-PD SSR AMP SRP
MC PK IGR PPK NF AP M PO-PD CHL AMP SRP
MC PK IGR PPK NF AP M PO-PD CHL AMP SRP
FF EG IGR NF W ED SSR TLC SRP?
MC PK SPK PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP TLC
MC PK SPK PSP NF BF S ED AMP SRP CRB
VF-FF EG NA NF N NA
FF EG IGR MGP NF S ED AMP SSR CHL
FF PK IGR PPK NF M ED AMP SSR CHL
MC PK IGR PPK NF M ED TLC CHL SER
MM PK IGR PPK NF M ED TLC CHL SER
MM PK IGR PPK NF AP M ED SRP ULR SER
MM PK IGR PSP NF M ED AMP SER CHL
MM PK IGR PSP NF BF M ED AMP SER CHL
MM PK IGR PPK NF M ED AMP SER SRP
MM-MC PK SPK PPK NF AF M ED CHL AMP SRP
MC PK SPK PPK NF BF AP M ED CHL AMP SRP
MC PK PK PPK NF BF M ED CHL AMP SRP
MC PK PK PPK NF AF M ED CHL AMP SRP
MC PK PK PPK NF AP M ED CHL AMP SRP
MC PK SPK PPK NF AP S ED TLC AMP SRP
MC PK SPK PPK NF AP M ED CHL SER SRP
MC PK SPK PPK APK NF M ED CHL SER SRP
MC PK ING PPK APK NF M ED CHL SER SRP
MC PK SPK PPK APK NF AP M ED AMP SER SRP
MM SP IGR PSP APK NF S ED TLC SER SRP
MM SP IGR PSP NF S ED TLC AMP SRP
MM SP IGR PSP NF S ED TLC AMP SRP
MM SP IGR PSP NF S ED TLC SER SRP
MF SP IGR PSP NF S ED TLC SER SRP
MM EG NA NA NF S PO-PD SER CHL
MM EG NA NA NF M PO-PD SER CHL
MF PK PK PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP AMP
MM PK PK PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP AMP
MM PK PK PPK APK NF M PO-PD CHL SRP AMP
MF PK IGR PPK NF M ED TLC CHL AMP
MF PK IGR PPK NF M ED SRP CHL AMP
MM PK SPK PPK APK NF AP M ED SRP CHL AMP
MM PK SPK PPK NF W ED SRP CHL AMP
MM PK SPK PPK NF M ED TLC CHL AMP
FF-MF EG IGR NF M ED SPR CHL AMP
VF-MF EG IGR NF S ED SPR CHL AMP
MC SP SOP PF AF M PO-PD SER CHL AMP
MC EG IGR PF M PO-PD SER CHL AMP
MF EG IGR NF M PO-PD SER SSR CHL
CSP
MF EG IGR NF M PO-PD SER AMP CHL
MF EG IGR NF W PO-PD SER CHL AMP
MF-MM EG IGR MGP PF M PO-PD SER AMP CHL
MF SP IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SER AMP CHL
MF SP IGR SPK PF M PO-PD SER CHL AMP
MM SP IGR SPK NF AF M PO-PD SER CHL AMP
MM SP IGR SPK PF AP WK PO-PD SER AMP
MF PK IGR PPK NF AF M PO-PD SER CHL SSR?
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SER CHL SSR?
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD CHL SER AMP
MF PK IGR PPK NF M PO-PD SER SRP CHL
MF PK IGR PPK NF S PO-PD CHL SER AMP
MM PK SPK PPK NF M PO-PD SRP CHL AMP
APK
MM PK SPK PPK APK NF M PO-PD SRP CHL AMP
MC PK IGR PPK NF AP W ED CHL AMP SER
92

Appendix A-2
SILICATE MINERAL PETROGRAPHY
By: Dan Foley
Date: Modal Cumulate PLAGIOCLASE OLIVINE CLINOPYROXENE
Strat Unit Field/Core Rock Type Type Mode Habit Mode Mode Habit Exsol Sample ID Log Description Petrographic Description Exsol Zoning Alteration Habit Corona Alteration Corona Alteration
## XX XX XX X-XXX ## XX XX X-XXX ## XX XX XX X-XXX
01-01-9.1 oxgb Med wfol gabbro str alt med wfol sprism gran ox gabbro w/ spoik calcite OXGB PCF 55 SR CS S-SER 25 SG S-CHL
01-01-15.5 oxgb Med wfol gabbro str epidote alt med wfol sprism gran apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCFA 50 SR CS S-SSR 25 SG S-CHL
01-01-19.9 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med wfol sprism apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCFA 50 SR CS S-SER 30 SG M-S-CHL
01-01-31.2 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med wfol sprism apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCFA 45 SR CS S-SER 45 SR M-CHL
01-01-32.0 oxgb med crs w fol gabbro str alt med wfol sprism apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCFA 60 SR CS S-SER 18 SG S-CHL
01-01-36.6 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med wfol apatitic ox gabbro OXGB PCF(O?)A 48 SR CS S-SER 40 SR M-S-CHL
01-01-43.2 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med nfol apatitic ox gabbro w/ apoik plag OXGB pCFA 40 SP CS S-SER 35 SR M-CHL
01-01-44.5 oxgb poikolitic gabbroic anorthosite str epidote alt med wfol apatitic ox leuco gabbro w/ spoik cal LCGB PC?FA 75 SR CS S-SSR 20? ?? S-SSR
01-01-46.1 oxgb Med wfol gabbro mod to str alt med pfol apatitic ox gab w/ spoik plag and cal OXGB pCFA 40 SP CS S-SER 40 SR M-CHL
01-01-47.2 oxgb pyroxene oxide cummulate mod to str alt med pfol apatitic ox gab w/ poik plag and spoik cal OXGB pCFA 40 PK CS S-SER 40 SR M-CHL
01-01-50.6 oxgb pyroxene oxide cummulate mod to str alt med pfol ox melagab w/ poik plag MLGB CpF 30 PK CS S-SER 40 SR M-CHL
01-01-54.7 foxcp pyroxene oxide cummulate mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX CFpOa 20 PK CS S-SER 10 SG S-SRP 45 SG M-CHL
01-01-58.4 foxcp pyroxene oxide cummulate mod alt med to med crs nfol feldspathic ox clinopyroxenite FLPX Cfp 15 PK NA S-SSR 55 SG-SR W-AMP
01-01-60.5 focp med fn clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf 15 PK NA C-SER 25 SG S-TLC 55 SG W-CHL
01-01-75.5 focp med fn clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf 12 PK NA C-SER 15 SG S-SRP 70 SG W-CHL
01-01-89.45 focp med fn clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf 15 PK NA C-SER 20 SG S-TLC 60 SG W-CHL
01-01-104.3 focp med fn clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf 10 PK NA C-SER 15 SG S-SRP 70 SG W-AMP
01-01-117.2 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag OCPX COpf 10 PK NA C-SER 15 SG S-SRP 70 SG-SR W-AMP
01-01-130.5 focp med fn clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag OCPX COpf 8 PK NA S-SER 20 SG S-SRP 65 SG W-AMP
01-01-143.5 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag OCPX COpf 8 PK NA S-CHL 15 SG S-SRP 70 SG W-AMP
01-01-151.6 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf 15 PK NA S-CHL 20 SG S-SRP 60 SG W-AMP
01-01-155.9 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/ poik plag FLPX COpf 15 PK N/A S-CHL 18 SG S-SRP 60 SG W-AMP
01-01-160.5 focp med fine clinopyroxenite mod alt med to med crs nfol feldspathic ox olivine clinopyroxenite FLPX CpOF 15 PK N/A S-CHL 8 SG S-SRP 70 SG W-AMP
01-01-162.4 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/ poik plag FLWH OCpf 15 pk N/A S-CHL 45 SG S-SRP 35 SG W-AMP
01-01-163.4 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/ poik plag FLWH OCpf 15 PK N/A S-CHL 55 SG S-SRP 25 SG W-AMP
01-01-166.0 fwer med wehrlite str alt med fn nfol oxide bearing sub wehrlite w/poik plag, intersticial gran CPX WRLT Ocpf 10 PK N/A S-CHL 60 SG S-SRP 20 SP W-AMP
01-01-173.7 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f 15 PK N/A S-CHL 55 SG M-SRP 15 AG W-CHL
01-01-183.0 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f 15 PK N/A S-CHL 55 SG M-SRP 15 AG W-CHL
01-01-196.0 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Opch f 15 PK N/A S-CHL 60 SG M-SRP 12 AG W-CHL
01-01-207.9 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f 15 PK N/A S-CHL 60 SG M-SRP 15 AG W-CHL
01-01-221.7 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f 15 PK N/A S-CHL 57 SG M-SRP 15 AG W-CHL
01-01-235.9 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol oxide bearing hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f 13 PK N/A S-CHL 55 SG M-SRP 15 AG W-CHL
01-01-244.65 fwer med wehrlite mod alt med fn to med oxide bearing honblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hornblende FLWH Ocph f 12 PK N/A S-CHL 50 SG M-SRP 18 AG W-CHL
01-01-248.8 fwer sulfidic crs wehrlite mod alt med to med crs oxide bearing sub ophitic hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hbFLWH Ocph f 10 PK N/A S-CHL 50 SG M-SRP 23 SP AM W-AMP
01-01-253.4 fwer sulfidic crs wehrlite mod alt med to med crs oxide bearing sub ophitic hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hbFLWH Ocph f 13 PK N/A S-CHL 45 SG M-SRP 25 SP AM W-AMP
01-01-257.3 fwer sulfidic crs wehrlite mod alt med crs oxide bearing sub poik hornblende feldspathic wehrlite w/poik hb FLWH Ocph Sf 12 PK N/A S-CHL 50 SG M-SRP 20 SP W-AMP
01-01-261.7 fwer sulfidic crs wehrlite str alt med crs oxide bearing sulfidic sub poik hornblende wehrlite w/poik hb WRLT Ocph f 5 PK N/A S-CHL 58 SG S-SRP 20 SP AM W-AMP
01-01-265.5 fwer sulfidic crs wehrlite mod alt med crs oxide bearing sub poik hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag WRLT Ocph f 8 PK N/A S-CHL 44 SG M-SRP 38 SP AM W-AMP
01-01-268.7 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite wk alt med oxide bearing sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCph f 17 PK CS W-SER 40 AG M-SRP 30 SG AM W-AMP
01-01-271.1 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite wk alt med oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCpf 15 PK CS W-SER 42 AG M-TLC 35 SG W-AMP
01-01-273.4 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite wk alt med oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCpf 20 SP CS W-SER 40 AG M-TLC 28 SG W-AMP
01-01-278.5 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite wk alt med oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCpf 18 SP CS M-SER 50 AG W-TLC 22 SG W-AMP
01-01-286.2 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt oxide bearing augite mela troctolite w/poik plag MLTR OpCf 30 PK CS M-SER 35 AG M-TLC 25 SG W-AMP
01-01-295.8 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt med to med crs oxide bearing feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX OCpf 15 PK CS W-SER 30 SG M-SRP 45 SG W-AMP
01-01-303.0 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt med oxide bearing feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH Ocpf 23 SP CS M-SER 38 AG M-SRP 27 SP AM W-AMP
01-01-306.1 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt med oxide bearing sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OpcSf 18 SP CS M-SER 50 SG M-SRP 12 AG AM W-AMP
01-01-308.85 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite mod alt med oxide bearing sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OCpSf 20 SP CS M-SER 40 SG M-SRP 25 SG W-AMP
01-01-310.6 fwer crs sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite comp alt med oxide bearung sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite FLWH OCpSf? 20 NA C-SER 40 SG S-SRP 25 NA NA
044-11.0 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro mod alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w/spoik calcite OXGB PCFA 55 SR CS M-SER 20 SG S-CHL
044-19.5 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro mod alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w/spoik calcite OXGB PCFA 55 SR CS M-SER 20 SG M-CHL
044-29.75 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro mod alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w/spoik calcite OXGB PCFA 53 SR CS M-SER 22 SG M-CHL
044-38.0 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro str alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w-spoik calcite OXGB PCFA 60 SR CS S-SSR 22 SG M-CHL
044-44.8 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro str alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w-spoik calcite OXGB PCFA 55 SR CS S-SSR 25 SG M-CHL
044-50.5 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro mod alt med w fol apatitic oxide gabbro w/spoik calcite OXGB PCFA 50 SR CS S-SSR 25 SG M-CHL
044-52.0 oxgb med crs w fol oxide gabbro str alt med wfol apatitic sub ophitic oxide leucogabbro LCGB PFca 65 SR CS S-SSR 15 SO M-CHL
044-54.5 foxcp med oxide pyroxenite wk alt med nfol apatitic feldspathic oxide pyroxenite w/spoik plag FLPX CpFa 20 SP CS W-SER 62 SG W-CHL
044-57.3 foxcp med oxide pyroxenite mod alt med nfol feldspathic olivine oxide pyroxenite w/spoik plag FLPX CFpO 15 SP NA M-SER 10 SG S-SRP 50 SR W-AMP
044-62.4 foxcp med oxide pyroxenite mod alt med n fol apititic feldspathic olivine oxide pyrpxenite w-spoik plag,cal FLPX CFpO 12 PK NA S-CHL 8 SG S-SRP 60 SR W-AMP
044-66.4 foxcp med olivine oxide pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine oxide pyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CFpO 12 PK NA S-CHL 12 SG S-SRP 53 SG W-AMP
44-67.4 foxcp med olivine oxide pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine oxide pyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CFpO 13 PK NA S-CHL 10 SG S-SRP 55 SG W-AMP
044-68.5 focp med fn pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic olivine pyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CpOfa 17 PK NA S-CHL 15 SG S-SRP 60 SG W-AMP
044-69.3 focp med fn pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic olivine pyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX CpOfa 15 PK NA S-CHL 12 SG S-SRP 68 SG W-AMP
044-71.5 focp med fn pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine pyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COpf 15 PK NA S-CHL 15 SG S-SRP 65 SG W-AMP
044-74.8 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COpf 10 PK NA S-SER? 15 SG S-SRP 72 SG W-AMP
044-88.5 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COpf 8 PK NA S-SER? 12 SG S-SRP 75 SG W-AMP
044-104.1 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COpf 8 PK NA S-SER? 15 SG S-SRP 72 SG W-AMP
044-116.4 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp 8 PK NA S-SER? 15 SG S-SRP 72 SG W-AMP
044-129.4 focp med fn pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp 7 PK NA S-SER? 16 SG S-SRP 72 SG W-AMP
044-147 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp 5 PK NA S-CHL 15 SG S-SRP 75 SG W-AMP
044-163.2 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp 5 PK NA S-CHL 25 SG S-SRP 68 SG W-AMP
044-180 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COp 12 PK NA S-CHL 18 SG S-SRP 65 SG W-AMP
044-188.5 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag OCPX COp 7 PK NA S-CHL 15 SG S-SRP 73 SG W-AMP
044-194.3 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COp 12 PK NA S-CHL 15 SG S-SRP 65 SG W-AMP
044-201.2 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COp 10 PK NA S-CHL 12 SG S-SRP 73 SG W-AMP
044-207.1 focp med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite wk alt med fn nfol sulfidic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COpS 10 PK NA S-CHL 15 SG S-SRP 73 SG W-AMP
044-212.5 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH Ocp 15 PK NA S-CHL 60 SG M-SRP 17 SG W-AMP
044-229.5 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn to med nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH Opc 15 PK NA S-CHL 63 SG M-SRP 12 SG W-AMP
044-246.0 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch 18 PK NA S-CHL 60 SG M-SRP 12 SG W-AMP
044-257.1 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opc 15 PK NA S-CHL 65 SG M-SRP 13 AG W-AMP
044-274.3 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opc 20 PK NA S-CHL 60 SG M-SRP 15 AG W-AMP
044-284.8 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opc 20 PK NA S-CHL 60 SG M-SRP 12 AG W-AMP
044-307.3 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch 22 PK NA S-CHL 58 SG M-SRP 10 AG W-AMP
044-323.6 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch 22 PK NA S-CHL 60 SP-SG M-SRP 10 AG W-AMP
044-332.0 fwer med fn to med crs ol pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch 25 PK NA S-CHL 60 SP-SG M-SRP 10 AG W-AMP
044-340.2 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite mod alt med fn nfol feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, hornblende FLWH Opch 22 PK NA S-CHL 60 SP-SG M-SRP 8 AG W-AMP
044-351.5 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med fn nfol oxide bearing felspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH Opch 22 PK NA S-CHL 58 SP-SG MS-SRP 12 AG W-AMP
044-362.4 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med fn nfol felspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH Opch 23 PK NA S-CHL 60 SP-SG MS-SRP 10 AG W-AMP
044-373.4 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic feldspathic wehlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Opch a 22 PK NA S-CHL 64 SP-SG MS-SRP 12 SP W-AMP
044-385.0 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic feldspathic wehlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Opch a 23 PK NA S-CHL 53 SP?-SG S-SRP 14 SP AM W-AMP
044-401.1 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic melatroctolite w/poik plag, CPX MLTR Opch a 32 PK NA S-CHL 45 SP?-SG S-SRP 15 SP W-AMP
044-414.7 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic feldspathic wehlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Opch a 25 PK NA S-CHL 47 SP?-SG S-SRP 15 SP AM W-AMP
044-429.5 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite str alt med crs nfol apatitic feldspathic wehlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Opch a 15 PK NA S-CHL 55 SP?-SG S-SRP 20 SP AM W-AMP
044-435.9 db diabase wk alt fn nfol oxide olivne gabbro OXGB CPFO? 35 SR CS W-SSR 5 SG S-SRP 45 SG N
044-440.75 db diabase mod alt med fn nfol oxide olivine gabbro OXGB CPFO 43 SR CS M-SSR 10 SG S-SRP 35 SG W-CHL
044-444.7 db diabase wk alt very fine plagioclase and olivine phyric diabse DB ? ? ? CS M-SSR ? SG S-SRP ? ? ?
044-445.3 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite mod alt med crs n fol wehrlite w/poik plag WRLT OCph 8 PK CS M-SSR 55 SP?-SG M-SRP 32 SG AM W-AMP
044-454.9 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCph a 15 PK CS M-CHL 55 SP?-SG M-SRP 25 SG AM W-AMP
044-462.5 fwer med crs to crs wehrlite mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OCph a 18 PK CS M-CHL 52 SP?-SG M-SRP 22 SG AM W-AMP
044-465.5 db diabase wk alt fn nfol oxide olivne gabbro OXGB CPFO? 35 SR CS N 5? SG S-SRP? 30 SG W-CHL
044-470.2 fwer med crs sulficic wehrlite mod alt med crs nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH OpcSa 15 PK CS M-CHL 45 SP?-SG M-SRP 35 SP W-CHL
044-472.3 fwer med crs sulficic wehrlite str alt med crs nfol sulfidic apatitic feldspathic mela troctolite w poik plag, CPX MLTR OpcSa 35 SP CS W-SER 35 SG M-SRP 25 SP M-AMP
044-480.0 cc layered carbonatae chert inclusion chert inclusion with carbonate veins CHERT QCAL
044-485.2 db diabase with granite inclusions fine contaminated sulfidic granophyric diabase with metased inclusions GRPH gCFS 20 SG CS W-SER 20 SG S-AMP
044-486.7 db diabase with granite inclusions fine sulfidic diabase w/calcite veining DB CPS 35 PK CS W-SER 50 SG W-AMP
044-489.7 db diabase with granite inclusions inclusion of med crs n fol augite melatroctolite w/poik plag in diabase MLTR pOC 35 PK CS W-SER 30 SG M-TLC 30 SG M-AMP
044-494.5 db diabase with granite inclusions fine contaminated sulfidic granophyric diabase with meta sed mela aug troc inclusions MLTR pOC 35 PK CS W-SER 33 SG M-TLC 32 SG M-AMP
93

OPAQUES APATITE AMPHIBOLE BIOTITE GRANOPHYRE OTHER COMMENTS
Mode Ox:Sulf Habit1 Habit2 Corona Mode Habit Host Mode % Primary Habit1 Habit2 Mode % Primary Habit1 Habit2 Mode QTZ:KSP Habit Phase Mode Habit
## #:# XX XX XX ## XX XX ## ## XX XX ## ## XX XX ## #:# XX XXX ## XX
10 5:01 SK AG 2 1:00 AG CAL 8 SP Mafics more altered than plag
15 10:01 SK AG TRACE AC 5 1:00 AG CAL 5 SP One side of slide shows exreme epidote alteration of plagioclase
15 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC CAL 5 SP
10 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC CAL TRACE SP mafics less altered
12 1:00 SK AG TRACE AC TRACE 100 AG CAL TRACE SP
12 1:00 SK AG TRACE AC TRACE 100 AG CAL TRACE SP very hard to destinguish olivine from pyroxene
22 20:01 SK SM TRACE AC 3 100 AG oxides show symplectic intergrowth with chlorite
5 1:00 SK AG TRACE AC CAL TRACE SP extreme epidote alteration, no primary CPX remains?
17 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC 1 100 AG CAL 2 SP
20 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC TRACE 100 AG CAL TRACE SP plag is almost completely altered
30 1:00 AG TRACE 100 AG
25 1:00 AG TRACE AC TRACE 100 AG TRACE AG
30 20:01 SP 8 10 AG TRACE 10 AG Plag almost completely altered to calcite, muscovite, and chlorite
5 20:01 SP TRACE 90 AG TRACE 10 AG olivine almost completely altered to serp and talc
3 1:00 DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 90 AG
5 20:01 DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 90 AG
5 20:01 DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG olivines almost completely altered to serp
5 1:00 DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG
5 20:01 DS 1 90 AG 1 50 AG
5 1:00 DS 2 30 AG TRACE 10 AG Some pyroxenes altered to actinolite and hornblende?
5 1:00 DS 5 50 AG TRACE 10 AG
5 1:00 DS 2 70 AG TRACE 20 AG
5 1:00 DS 2 50 AG TRACE 30 AG section contains less olivine and more greenish blue alteration which in this case seems to be targeting CPX grains
5 1:00 DS TRACE 75 AG TACE 50 AG
5 1:00 DS 5 20 AG TRACE 10 AG olivine becomes radically more abundant
5 1:00 DS 2 20 AG 3 10 AG cpx is now subophitic
5 1:00 DS 10 95 PK TRACE 50 AG large oikocrysts of poikoloitic hornblende
5 1:00 DS 10 95 PK TRACE 50 AG apatite? In what used to be plag?
5 1:00 DS 8 95 PK TRACE 50 AG
5 1:00 DS 10 95 PK TRACE 50 AG
5 1:00 DS 8 95 PK TRACE 75 AG
5 1:00 DS 12 95 PK TRACE 75 AG cpx seems to be forming interstitially
5 1:00 DS 10 95 PK 5 20 AG some olivone grains are much larger, CPX may be sub poikolitic?
5 1:00 DS 10 60 PK OG 2 20 AG Apatitic?
5 1:00 DS 10 40 OG PK 2 10 AG
5 1:00 DS 8 75 SP 5 10 AG
12 1:20 DS SK 4 25 OG SP 1 10 AG sulfides show strong association with HB anf BT
5 20:01 DS 3 25 OG 2 10 OG AG small amounts of primary plagioclase reamining
8 1:20 DS SK 3 25 OG 2 10 OG AG large amouns of poikolitic primary plag present. CPX seems to be granular
5 20:01 DS 2 50 AG TRACE 10 AG HB and BT less abundant, plag altering to grungy SER, olivine grains much larger than CPX grains
5 20:01 DS SK 2 50 AG TRACE 10 AG apatitic?
7 20:01 DS SK 2 50 AG OG 1 10 AG OG
5 20:01 DS 4 75 SP OG 1 10 AG OG
5 20:01 DS 3 75 AG 2 10 OG AG
5 20:01 DS 4 50 OG AG 3 10 OG AG some CPX sub poikolitic on olivine. Plag less poikolitic than previous slides
10 1:20 DS AG 7 60 OG AG 3 10 OG AG CPX contents drops dramatically, plag is less poikolitic sulfides increased dramatically
10 1:20 DS SK 3 50 AG 2 10 AG
10 1:20 DS AG 3 50 AG 2 10 AG bottom of hole is almost completely altered. Extremely difficult to tell what was CPX from what was Plag
20 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC 2 1:00 AG CAL 3 SP CPX almost entirely chloritized
20 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG 1 1:00 AG CAL 4 SP some fresh CPX remaining, Olivine ?
20 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC TRACE 50 AG TRACE 25 AG CAL 5 SP Olivine?
18 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC TRACE 50 AG TRACE 50 AG CAL TRACE SP
20 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC TRACE 50 AG TRACE 50 AG CAL TRACE SP
25 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC TRACE 50 AG TRACE 50 AG CAL TRACE SP
20 20:01 SK AG TRACE AC cpx becomes subophitic
18 15:01 AG TRACE AC TRACE 50 AG TRACE 50 AG CAL TRACE SP CPX is now the dominant mineral, plag becomes sub poik
25 15:01 AG TRACE 25 AG TRACE 10 AG
20 10:01 AG TRACE AC TRACE 25 AG TRACE 10 AG CAL TRACE SP
20 10:01 AG 3 80 SP TRACE 25 AG sulfIdes associated with olivine?
20 20:01 AG 2 80 SP TRACE 50 AG
5 1:01 AG SK TRACE AC PLAG 3 80 SP TRACE 50 AG oxides dramatically decrease
5 1:01 AG SK TRACE AC PLAG TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG
5 1:01 AG SK TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG
3 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG slight increase in CPX at the expense of plag
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 50 AG OG
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 75 AG
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 50 AG OG plag now altering to bluish chlorite
5 1:01 AG DS 1 90 AG 1 50 AG OG
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 50 AG OG slight increase in plag content
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 50 AG OG
5 1:01 AG DS 2 80 AG OG 1 60 AG OG
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 50 AG some large fresh olivine grains
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG TRACE 50 AG
5 1:01 AG DS 3 90 AG SP TRACE 50 AG olivine content dramaticaly increases
5 1:01 AG DS 5 90 AG SP TRACE 50 AG
5 1:01 AG DS 5 90 SP TRACE 75 AG
4 1:01 AG DS 2 90 SP 1 75 AG
3 1:01 AG DS 2 90 SP 1 75 AG
3 1:01 AG DS 3 90 SP 2 60 AG
3 1:01 AG DS 5 90 PK 2 60 AG
3 1:01 AG DS 4 90 PK 1 75 AG some large subpoikolitic olivines
2 1:01 AG DS 3 90 PK TRACE 75 AG
3 1:01 AG DS 5 90 PK 2 75 AG
5 1:01 AG DS 2 75 AG 1 60 AG
3 3:01 AG DS 3 75 AG 1 60 AG
3 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 1 90 SP AG TRACE 75 AG CAL TRACE SP CPX now subpoikolitic
3 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 5 60 SP OG 2 50 AG
3 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 3 75 SP 2 50 AG
5 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 3 60 SP OG TRACE 75 AG
5 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 4 60 SP OG 1 75 AG
15 20:01 AG DS TRACE 90 AG diabase dike. Fibrous green clots assumed to be letered olivine
12 20:01 AG SR TRACE 90 AG
? ? ? ? very fine grained, immpossible to give modal percentages
3 3:01 AG DS 2 50 AG OG TRACE 75 AG plag is cleaner and less abundant than above
3 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 2 50 AG OG TRACE 75 AG
5 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 3 50 SP OG TRACE 76 AG
10 20:01 AG DS GLASS 30 diabase dike. Fibrous green clots assumed to be Altered olivine
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG TRACE 90 AG TRACE 50 AG
3 1:02 AG DS TRACE AC 1 90 AG 1 50 AG CAL 10 RP carbonate alteration of olivine
5 1:01 AG DS SR 85 ALL Q CAL 15 quartz carb inclusion
5 1:05 AG DS 55 1:01 CAL 5 SP extremely contaminated granophyric diabase with meta sed inclusions
10 1:05 AG DS 4 75 SP AG 1 50 AG
5 1:01 AG DS 4 75 SP AG 1 50 AG grungy alteration of CPX which are much smaller than the Olivine and plag grains
5 1:01 AG DS SR TRACE 90 AG TRACE 50 AG describing mela troc inclusion
94

044-497.5 fwer med to med crs calcite veined wehrlitemod alt med n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poikplag FLWH OpC 25 PK CS W-SER 40 SG M-SRP 20 SG AM M-AMP
044-502.7 focp ??? mod alt med n fol apatitic feldspathic clinopyroxenite w/spoik plag FLPX Cph a 22 SP CS M-SER 65 SG M-AMP
044-511.7 focp ??? mod alt med n fol apatitic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/spoik plag FLPX CpOa 20 SP CS M-SER 18 SG M-TLC 49 SG M-AMP
044-519.7 focp ??? mod alt med n fol apatitic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COpa 18 PK CS W-SER 32 SG M-SRP 40 SG M-AMP
044-530.5 focp ??? mod alt med to med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag, spoik CPX FLPX COpa 14 PK CS C-CHL 26 SP-SG M-SRP 52 SP W-AMP
044-545 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite w/poik plag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocph a 18 PK CS C-CHL 40 SG M-SRP 30 SP AM W-AMP
044-555 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX WRLT Ocpa 5 PK CS S-CHL 50 SG M-SRP 35 PK W-AMP
044-570 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX WRLT Ocph a 8 PK CS C-CHL 54 SG M-SRP 30 PK W-AMP
044-585 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX WRLT Ocph a 6 PK CS S-CHL 55 SG M-SRP 30 PK AM W-AMP
044-600 fwer ??? str alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite wpoik plag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocph a 12 PK CS S-CHL 53 SG S-TLC 20 PK AM W-AMP
044-615 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic wehrlite wpoik plag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocpa 12 PK CS S-CHL 60 SG M-SRP 18 SP AM W-AMP
044-630 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic hornblende wehrlite wpoik plag, spoik CPX WRLT Oh cpa 8 PK CS S-CHL 55 SG M-SRP 15 SP W-AMP
044-635 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite wpoik plag, FLWH Oh cpa 15 PK CS S-CHL 42 SG M-SRP 18 AG W-AMP
044-640 fwer ??? mod alt med crs n fol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite wpoik plag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocph a 20 PK CS M-SER 40 SG M-SRP 20 SP AM W-AMP
044-645 fwer ??? str alt med n fol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag FLWH OpCSh a 22 SP CS M-SER 35 SG S-TLC 20 SG W-AMP
044-650 fwer ??? str alt med n fol apatitic sulfidic hornblende olivine melagabbro w/spoik plag MLOG COpSh a 25 SP-SG? CS M-AMP? 25 SG S-TLC 30 SG W-AMP
044-655 fwer ??? str alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OCpSa 20 SP-SG? CS M-AMP? 35 SG S-TLC 25 SG W-AMP
044-660 fwer ??? str alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OCpSa 22 SP-SG? CS M-SER 35 SG S-TLC 28 SG W-AMP
044-666 fwer ??? str alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic wehrlite w/spoik plag FLWH OCpSa 24 SP-SG? CS M-SER 38 SG S-TLC 28 SG W-AMP
044-670 grnt ??? str alt med n fol partially melted sulfidic granite GRNT QPKS?
044-672 grnt ??? mod alt med nfol granite GRNT QPKS?
007-7.1 med fine olivine rich ultramafic mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, CPX FLWH Ocph a 12 PK NA S-CHL 45 SG W-SRP 25 PK W-AMP
007-11.1 med sulfidic olivine rich ultramafic mod alt med nfol apatitic sulfide bearing feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, CPXFLWH Ocph a 15 PK NA S-CHL 47 SG W-SRP 20 PK W-AMP
077-17.0 med sulfidic olivine rich ultramafic mod alt med nfol apatitic sulfide bearing feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, CPXFLWH Ocph a 12 PK NA S-CHL 45 SG W-SRP 25 PK W-AMP
007-20.4 med mottled sulfidic ultramafic mod alt med fn nfol apatitic sulfidic hornblende olivine melagabbro w/poik plag MLGB pCOSh a 30 PK NA W-SER 22 SG S-TLC 28 SG W-AMP
007-21.4 heterogenious fine to course sufidic ultramafic ????? Granophyre OPX rim on CPX
007-22.57 heterogenious fine to course sufidic ultramafic mod alt med fn nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic olivine clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX COpSa 18 PK NA W-SER 22 SG S-SRP 45 SG W-AMP
007-25.3 med sulfidic olivine CPX rich ultramaficmod alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, spoik CPX FLWH OcpSh a 18 PK NA W-SER 40 SG M-SRP 27 SG AM W-AMP
007-27.6 med sulfidic olivine CPX rich ultramaficwk alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic augite troctolite w/poik plag, spoik CPX MLTR OcpSa 25 PK NA W-SER 32 SG W-SRP 28 SG W-AMP
007-30.6 med sulfidic olivine CPX rich ultramaficmod alt med nfol apatitic sulfidic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poik plag, spoik CPX FLWH OcpSa 10 PK NA W-SER 40 SG W-TLC 35 SG W-AMP
007-33.0 diss sulfide in med ultramafic mod alt fn to med fn n fol granular apatitic olivine mela gabbro MLGB CPOSa 35 SG NA S-SER 15 SG S-SER 38 SG W-AMP
007-33.7 semi massive sulfide and hornfels str alt med fn semi massive sulfide and mela gabbroic melt in very fn metased MSLF CPOSga
Field Samples
BIC-43 crs to vcrs oxide monzodiorite mod alt med crs pfol sub ophitic oxide gabbro OXGB PCFa 48 SR CS S-SER 30 SO W-CHL
BIC-23 crs oxide gabbro mod alt med crs pfol gran apatitic oxide gabbro OXGB PCFa 55 SR CS M-SER 23 SG-SR W-CHL
BIC-11 mod foliated oxide gabbro mod alt med fn mod fol gran apatitic oxide gabbro OXGB PCFa 60 SR CS M-SSR 20 SG-SR W-CHL
BIC-3A Oxide gabbro mod alt med fn nfol gran apatitic oxide gabbro OXGB PCFa 43 SG CS M-SER 35 SG W-AMP
BIC-14 med oxide gabbro wk alt med fn p fol gran oxide gabbro OXGB PCF 60 SR CS W-SER 18 SG W-CHL
BIC-12B granophyric oxide gabbro str alt med to med fn pfol gran apatitic granophyric oxide gabbro GPGB PCFga 53 SR CS M-SER 25 SG W-AMP
BIC-45 granophyric oxide gabbro mod alt med fn n fol cpx, hb, qtz, ferro monzodiorite QFMD CpFQKa 45 SP CS M-SER 20 SG W-AMP
BIC-26 med oxide gabbro mod alt med fn pfol oxide melagabbro MLGB CpF 25 SP CS M-SER 54 SG-SR W-CHL
BIC-12A med granophyric felds pyrox mod alt med nfol apatitic feldspathic oxide clinpyroxenite w/spoik FLPX CpFa 15 SP CS S-SER 60 SG-SR W-CHL
plag, felsic patches
BIC-22 upper felds oxide pyrox wk alt med pfol oxide mela gabbro w/spoik plag MLGB CpF 25 SP CS M-SER 53 SG-SR W-AMP
BIC-3B upper feldspathic oxide pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic oxide clinopyroxenite FLPX CFpa 12 PK NA C-??? 60 SG W-AMP
w/poik plag
BIC-3C middle feldspathic oxide pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic oxide clinopyroxenite w/poik plag CLPX CFpa 8 PK NA C-??? 62 SG W-AMP
BIC-21 oxide feldspathic pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX Cpfa 15 PK CS M-CHL 72 SG W-CHL
BIC-16 feldspathic pyroxenite mod alt med fn nfol apatitic feldspathic clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX Cpfa 15 PK CS S-SER 65 SG W-AMP
10 SG S-SRP
BIC-3D lower feldspathic pyroxenite str alt med fn nfol quartz bearing apatitic feldspathic clinopyroxenie w/poik plag FLPX CpfQa 20 PK CS S-SER 65 SG W-AMP
BIC-2A upper ultramafic mod alt nfol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poikplag, spoik CPX FLWH Opch a 22 PK NA C-CHL 46 SG M-SRP 20 SP W-AMP
BIC-2B lower ultramafic mod alt nfol apatitic feldspathic hornblende wehrlite w/poikplag, spoik CPX FLWH Ocph a 15 PK NA C-CHL 48 SG M-SRP 25 SP W-AMP
Dike
BIC-19 crs granophyric clinopyroxenite dike wk alt med crs nfol apatitic oxide bearing feldspathic clinopyroxenite w/poik plag FLPX Cpfa 12 PK CS W-SER 83 SG AM M-AMP
95

15 5:01 RP DS 4 90 AG 1 50 AG
5 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 6 90 AG 2 50 AG contains considerably more CPX and no Olivine
5 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 2 90 AG 1 50 AG OG
5 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 3 90 AG 2 50 AG
4 1:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 3 75 AG OG 1 50 AG CPX is now subpoikolitic and is taking up more of the interstitial space at the expense of plag
4 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 5 75 AG OG 3 50 AG OG
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 2 90 AG 3 50 AG OG
3 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 5 75 AG SP TRACE 50 AG
4 3:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 4 75 AG SP 1 50 AG
5 1:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 7 60 SP OG 3 50 AG consierably more hb and bt than most slides
5 3:01 AG DS SR TRACE AC PLAG 3 75 AG OG 2 50 AG
3 4:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 22 90 SP 2 50 AG significant amounts of spoik hb
3 4:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 20 90 SP 2 50 AG
3 4:01 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 15 75 SP OG 2 50 AG
15 1:20 AG TRACE AC PLAG 6 75 SP AG 2 50 AG contains several large sulfide grains which appear to be pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite
10 1:20 AG TRACE AC PLAG 6 75 AG 4 50 AG TRACE 1:1? AG plag altering to amphibole?
15 1:20 AG TRACE AC PLAG 3 75 AG 2 50 AG
10 1:20 AG TRACE AC PLAG 3 75 AG 2 50 AG
5 1:20 AG TRACE AC PLAG 3 75 AG 2 50 AG
3 1:10 AG modal percents not estimated for felsic phases, archean basement
modal percents not estimated for felsic phases, archean basement
5 1:03 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 10 90 SP 3 50 AG plag almost entirely altered to chl, CPX is poikolitic
5 1:03 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 10 90 SP 3 50 AG
5 1:03 AG DS TRACE AC PLAG 10 90 SP 3 50 AG
10 1:10 SK AG TRACE AC PLAG 8 80 AG 2 50 AG considrably finer grained, less olivine, higher sulfide content, finer grained than above
10 1:10 AG TRACE AC PLAG 3 90 AG 2 50 AG
7 1:10 AG TRACE AC PLAG 6 60 OG AG 2 50 AG
12 1:10 AG TRACE AC PLAG 2 90 AG 1 50 AG
NET
10 1:20 SG BLEBBY TRACE AC PLAG 3 90 AG 2 50 AG
5 1:10 DS BLEBBY TRACE AC PLAG 5 90 AG 2 50 AG
modal percents not estimated. M sulfide is mixed with gp, CPX and Plag. Metased is mostly of VF QTZ
18 ? AG 4 60 AG sub ophitic CPX
20 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 5 40 AG may have contained small completely altered olivine grains but it seems unlikely
18 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 2 90 AG TRACE 75 AG TRACE 1:00 AG CAL TRACE SP
20 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 2 90 AG TRACE 75 AG small patches of green alteration could be olivine but in this section it is assumed to be not present
20 ? AG 1 90 AG TRACE 75 AG TRACE 1:00 AG
15 ? AG 2 90 AG TRACE 75 AG 5 1:00 AG TRACE AC PLAG sample shows what appears to be hematite staining around the edges of the plag grains
15 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 5 90 AG TRACE 75 AG 15 1:01 AG
20 ? AG 2 90 AG
20 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 5 75 AG modal percents of felsic patches not estimated, patches made up of qtz, plag, and kpar
OG CAL TRACE AG
20 ? AG 7 20 AG OG TRACE 75 AG
25 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 3 75 AG OG TRACE 75 AG
28 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 2 80 AG TRACE 75 AG
6 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG TRACE 80 AG 1 75 AG SK some CPX grains comletely altered to chlorite
6 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 4 80 AG TRACE 75 AG contains small clots of what are assumed to be altered olivine
7 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 4 80 AG TRACE 75 AG 4 1:00 AG contains free QTZ may have been kicked out when pyroxene went to chlorite?
5 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 5 90 AG 2 75 AG clean spoik CPX
SP
5 ? AG TRACE AC PLAG 5 90 AG SP 2 75 AG
5 ? AG SK TRACE AC PLAG 15 20 OG AG TRACE 75 AG CAL TRACE SP consitent hb overgrowth righns on and in CPX
96

Appendix B Mineral Chemical Data
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 11.0
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.09 1.14 2.16 8.08 0.22 14.51 20.41 99.6 76.2 43.0 13.4 43.5
Spectrum 2 52.93 1.15 2.25 8.2 0.24 14.44 20.49 99.7 75.8 42.8 13.6 43.6
Spectrum 3 52.36 1.32 2.62 8.18 0.26 14.23 20.64 99.6 75.6 42.3 13.6 44.1
Spectrum 4 53.21 1.1 2.32 8.04 0 14.37 20.6 99.6 76.1 42.7 13.4 44.0
Spectrum 5 52.82 1.26 2.42 8.04 0.28 14.31 20.48 99.6 76.0 42.7 13.4 43.9
Spectrum 6 53.49 0.82 1.69 8.66 0.49 14.55 19.92 99.6 75.0 43.1 14.4 42.5
Spectrum 7 52.13 1.52 3.14 8.75 0 13.97 20.48 100.0 74.0 41.6 14.6 43.8
Spectrum 8 52.63 1.42 2.93 8.58 0 14.1 20.34 100.0 74.5 42.0 14.4 43.6
Spectrum 9 53.96 0.8 1.7 8.47 0.33 14.76 19.97 100.0 75.6 43.6 14.0 42.4
Spectrum 10 53.22 1.2 2.28 7.96 0 14.53 20.81 100.0 76.5 42.8 13.2 44.1
Spectrum 11 52.92 1.3 2.49 8.35 0 14.33 20.6 100.0 75.4 42.4 13.9 43.8
Spectrum 12 53.08 1.17 2.37 7.94 0 14.22 20.83 99.6 76.1 42.3 13.2 44.5
Spectrum 13 51.99 1.55 3.09 8.57 0 13.92 20.44 99.6 74.3 41.6 14.4 44.0
Spectrum 14 53.32 1.07 2.11 8.07 0 14.7 20.39 99.7 76.4 43.4 13.4 43.3
Spectrum 15 53.72 1.04 2.01 8.45 0 14.36 20.42 100.0 75.2 42.5 14.0 43.5
Average 75.5 42.6 13.8 43.6
SD 0.78 0.58 0.48 0.57
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 38.0
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 52.61 1.16 2.55 8.07 15.27 20.36 100.0 77.1 44.3 13.2 42.5
Spectrum 2 52.38 1.09 2.55 7.96 15.45 20.20 99.6 77.6 44.9 13.0 42.2
Spectrum 3 52.25 1.21 2.69 8.19 15.01 20.21 99.6 76.6 44.0 13.5 42.6
Spectrum 4 52.56 1.04 2.75 8.08 15.27 20.30 100.0 77.1 44.4 13.2 42.4
Spectrum 5 52.37 1.27 2.77 7.87 14.93 20.44 99.7 77.2 43.9 13.0 43.2
Spectrum 6 52.21 1.24 2.56 7.85 0.00 15.22 20.52 99.6 77.6 44.3 12.8 42.9
Spectrum 7 52.57 1.28 2.63 7.86 0.00 15.21 20.43 100.0 77.5 44.3 12.9 42.8
Spectrum 8 52.58 1.19 2.67 8.03 0.00 15.10 20.43 100.0 77.0 44.0 13.1 42.8
Spectrum 9 52.80 1.09 2.36 7.86 0.23 15.04 20.22 99.6 77.3 44.3 13.0 42.8
Spectrum 10 52.31 1.18 2.71 7.96 0.00 15.09 20.37 99.6 77.2 44.1 13.1 42.8
Spectrum 11 53.86 0.75 1.22 8.62 0.27 16.13 18.71 99.6 76.9 46.9 14.1 39.1
Spectrum 12 52.28 1.27 2.77 8.06 0.26 15.12 20.23 100.0 77.0 44.2 13.2 42.5
Spectrum 13 52.55 1.14 2.70 7.99 0.00 15.18 20.48 100.0 77.2 44.1 13.0 42.8
Spectrum 14 52.52 1.23 2.81 7.95 0.00 14.97 20.53 100.0 77.0 43.8 13.0 43.2
Spectrum 15 51.31 1.54 3.38 8.73 0.00 14.52 20.14 99.6 74.8 42.8 14.4 42.7
Average 77.0 44.3 13.2 42.5
SD 0.67 0.84 0.45 0.98
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 50.5
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 52.84 1.14 2.5 8.01 0 14.67 20.44 99.6 76.5 43.3 13.3 43.4
Spectrum 2 52.83 1.02 2.71 7.97 0 14.7 20.44 99.7 76.7 43.4 13.2 43.4
Spectrum 3 52.14 1.47 3.16 8.41 0 14.48 20.34 100.0 75.4 42.8 14.0 43.2
Spectrum 4 52.4 1.2 3.12 8 0 14.5 20.4 99.6 76.4 43.1 13.3 43.6
Spectrum 5 51.49 1.69 3.95 9.08 0 13.84 19.95 100.0 73.1 41.6 15.3 43.1
Spectrum 6 52.58 1.24 2.98 7.71 0 14.78 20.36 99.7 77.4 43.8 12.8 43.4
Spectrum 7 53.28 1.05 2.11 8.07 0 14.81 20.31 99.6 76.6 43.6 13.3 43.0
Spectrum 8 53.26 1.08 2.21 8.08 0 14.89 20.48 100.0 76.7 43.6 13.3 43.1
Spectrum 9 52.53 1.25 2.81 8.15 0 14.84 20.42 100.0 76.4 43.5 13.4 43.1
Spectrum 10 52.45 1.38 3.19 7.91 0 14.75 20.32 100.0 76.9 43.6 13.1 43.2
Spectrum 11 52.79 1.33 2.74 7.96 0 14.82 20.36 100.0 76.8 43.7 13.2 43.1
Spectrum 12 53.22 0.99 2.07 7.8 0.3 14.9 20.38 99.7 77.3 43.9 12.9 43.2
Spectrum 13 52.32 1.27 3.11 7.92 0 14.58 20.48 99.7 76.6 43.2 13.2 43.6
Spectrum 14 52.4 1.17 3.07 7.87 0 14.79 20.71 100.0 77.0 43.4 13.0 43.7
Spectrum 15 51.68 1.49 3.7 8.37 0 14.12 20.22 99.6 75.0 42.3 14.1 43.6
Average 76.3 43.3 13.4 43.3
SD 1.08 0.62 0.62 0.22
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 52.0
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.02 1.31 2.56 8.08 0 14.59 20.06 99.6 76.3 43.5 13.5 43.0
Spectrum 2 52.78 1.24 2.81 8.05 0 14.55 20.23 99.7 76.3 43.3 13.4 43.3
Spectrum 3 52.36 1.4 2.97 8.1 0 14.61 20.21 99.7 76.3 43.4 13.5 43.1
Spectrum 4 53.51 1.04 2.1 7.57 0 15.15 20.26 99.6 78.1 44.6 12.5 42.9
Spectrum 5 52.38 1.35 2.96 8.17 0 14.58 20.21 99.7 76.1 43.3 13.6 43.1
Spectrum 6 52.87 1.29 2.5 8.21 0.23 14.86 19.72 99.7 76.3 44.2 13.7 42.1
Spectrum 7 52.83 1.21 2.6 8.11 0 14.89 20.03 99.7 76.6 44.0 13.4 42.6
Spectrum 8 52.29 1.4 3.03 8.15 0.2 14.52 20.09 99.7 76.0 43.3 13.6 43.1
Spectrum 9 51.84 1.46 3.21 8.33 0.22 14.51 20.1 99.7 75.6 43.1 13.9 43.0
97

Spectrum 10 53.27 1.1 2.38 7.92 0.2 14.82 19.95 99.6 76.9 44.1 13.2 42.7
Spectrum 11 53.05 1.2 2.53 8.12 0 14.82 19.96 99.7 76.5 43.9 13.5 42.5
Spectrum 12 53.09 1.15 2.44 7.9 0.23 14.9 19.95 99.7 77.1 44.2 13.2 42.6
Spectrum 13 53.47 1.11 2.08 7.94 0 14.58 19.99 99.2 76.6 43.6 13.3 43.0
Spectrum 14 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 15 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Average 76.5 43.7 13.4 42.8
SD 0.60 0.47 0.34 0.32
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 54.5
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.56 0.76 1.83 7.77 0 15.58 20.16 99.6 78.1 45.2 12.7 42.1
Spectrum 2 51.97 1.28 3.07 8.39 0.224274 14.62 20.45 100.0 75.6 43.0 13.8 43.2
Spectrum 3 51.76 1.40 3.26 7.97 0 14.82 20.39 99.6 76.8 43.6 13.2 43.2
Spectrum 4 52.29 1.24 3.03 7.94 0 14.84 20.20 99.5 76.9 43.9 13.2 42.9
Spectrum 5 52.02 1.30 3.01 7.99 0 14.85 20.50 99.7 76.8 43.6 13.2 43.3
Spectrum 6 51.89 1.23 3.13 7.96 0.00 14.79 20.64 99.6 76.8 43.4 13.1 43.5
Spectrum 7 52.06 1.12 2.82 7.97 0.00 15.01 20.66 99.6 77.0 43.7 13.0 43.3
Spectrum 8 51.89 1.30 2.89 7.97 0.00 15.17 20.42 99.7 77.2 44.2 13.0 42.8
Spectrum 9 52.83 1.03 2.31 7.96 0.00 15.09 20.42 99.6 77.2 44.1 13.0 42.9
Spectrum 10 52.38 1.05 2.63 8.05 0.24 15.01 20.30 99.7 76.9 44.0 13.2 42.8
Spectrum 11 52.85 0.93 2.31 8.07 0.00 15.17 20.26 99.6 77.0 44.3 13.2 42.5
Spectrum 12 53.87 0.70 1.60 7.68 0.23 15.76 19.82 99.7 78.5 45.9 12.6 41.5
Spectrum 13 51.73 1.22 2.99 8.18 0.00 14.90 20.66 99.7 76.4 43.4 13.4 43.3
Spectrum 14 51.78 1.28 3.27 8.21 0.00 14.55 20.53 99.6 75.9 42.9 13.6 43.5
Spectrum 15 52.45 1.09 2.73 7.96 0.21 14.98 20.58 100.0 77.0 43.7 13.0 43.2
Average 77.0 43.9 13.1 42.9
SD 0.71 0.79 0.31 0.54
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 57.3
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.37 0.88 2.15 7.74 0 15.02 20.49 99.7 77.6 44.1 12.7 43.2
Spectrum 2 53.38 0.98 2.31 7.87 0 15.08 20.39 100.0 77.3 44.2 12.9 42.9
Spectrum 3 53.59 1.02 2.29 7.62 0 15.09 20.37 100.0 77.9 44.4 12.6 43.1
Spectrum 4 53.52 0.99 2.37 7.87 0 14.9 20.34 100.0 77.1 43.9 13.0 43.1
Spectrum 5 51.75 1.48 3.7 8.16 0 14.19 20.31 99.6 75.6 42.5 13.7 43.8
Spectrum 6 53.53 0.88 2.22 7.83 14.85 20.69 100.0 77.2 43.5 12.9 43.6
Spectrum 7 53.4 0.95 2.13 7.78 14.96 20.46 99.7 77.4 44.0 12.8 43.2
Spectrum 8 52.76 1.18 2.58 7.93 0.24 14.49 20.48 99.7 76.5 43.0 13.2 43.7
Spectrum 9 52.7 1.18 2.99 7.8 14.42 20.55 99.6 76.7 43.0 13.0 44.0
Spectrum 10 53.05 1.13 2.65 7.97 14.78 20.43 100.0 76.8 43.5 13.2 43.3
Spectrum 11 53.08 1.07 2.33 7.85 0 14.89 20.45 99.7 77.2 43.8 13.0 43.2
Spectrum 12 53.71 0.88 2.07 7.85 0 15.47 20.02 100.0 77.8 45.1 12.9 42.0
Spectrum 13 52.97 1.06 2.69 7.71 0 14.85 20.38 99.7 77.4 43.9 12.8 43.3
Spectrum 14 52.62 1.19 2.61 8.08 0 14.7 20.43 99.6 76.4 43.3 13.4 43.3
Spectrum 15 53.2 0.99 2.36 7.85 0 14.97 20.63 100.0 77.3 43.8 12.9 43.4
Average 77.1 43.7 13.0 43.3
SD 0.60 0.63 0.28 0.46
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 67.4
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.07 1.05 2.61 7.82 0 15.1 20.35 100.0 77.5 44.3 12.9 42.9
Spectrum 2 53.05 1.22 2.61 7.99 0 15.04 20.09 100.0 77.0 44.3 13.2 42.5
Spectrum 3 54.43 0.99 2.11 7.04 0 15.87 19.56 100.0 80.1 46.8 11.7 41.5
Spectrum 4 53.81 0.92 2.38 7.22 0 15.11 20.15 99.6 78.9 44.9 12.0 43.1
Spectrum 5 53.5 1.18 2.39 7.75 0 15.04 20.15 100.0 77.6 44.4 12.8 42.8
Spectrum 6 53.33 1.05 2.61 7.74 15.09 20.19 100.0 77.6 44.4 12.8 42.8
Spectrum 7 53.59 0.96 2.32 8.19 14.96 19.97 100.0 76.5 44.1 13.6 42.3
Spectrum 8 53.55 1.03 2.43 7.5 0 14.93 20.13 99.6 78.0 44.4 12.5 43.1
Spectrum 9 53.28 0.95 2.21 8.06 15.23 20.26 100.0 77.1 44.4 13.2 42.4
Spectrum 10 53.54 0.91 2.12 7.77 15.14 20.12 99.6 77.6 44.6 12.8 42.6
Spectrum 11 51.87 1.48 3.29 8.35 0 14.35 20.67 100.0 75.4 42.3 13.8 43.8
Spectrum 12 53.28 1.03 2.05 7.74 0 15.12 20.36 99.6 77.7 44.3 12.7 42.9
Spectrum 13 53.08 1.05 2.15 7.77 0 15.12 20.39 99.6 77.6 44.3 12.8 42.9
Spectrum 14 53.94 0.78 2 7.54 0 15.43 20.31 100.0 78.5 45.0 12.3 42.6
Spectrum 15 53.33 1 2.18 7.94 0 15.18 20.37 100.0 77.3 44.3 13.0 42.7
Average 77.6 44.5 12.8 42.7
SD 1.05 0.89 0.54 0.49
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 68.5
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.15 1.14 2.57 8.01 0 15.12 20 100.0 77.1 44.5 13.2 42.3
Spectrum 2 54.35 0.82 1.86 6.88 0 15.92 20.16 100.0 80.5 46.4 11.3 42.3
98

Spectrum 3 53.26 0.94 2.43 7.6 0 15.21 20.56 100.0 78.1 44.4 12.4 43.2
Spectrum 4 54.36 0.84 1.77 6.97 0 15.85 20.22 100.0 80.2 46.2 11.4 42.4
Spectrum 5 54.24 0.89 1.91 7.16 0 15.64 20.15 100.0 79.6 45.8 11.8 42.4
Spectrum 6 53.75 0.84 1.84 7.02 16.27 20.28 100.0 80.5 46.8 11.3 41.9
Spectrum 7 53.87 0.9 2.03 7.38 15.7 20.12 100.0 79.1 45.8 12.1 42.2
Spectrum 8 53.69 1.18 2.1 7.22 0 15.55 20.25 100.0 79.3 45.5 11.9 42.6
Spectrum 9 53.53 0.87 2.1 7.45 15.63 20.42 100.0 78.9 45.3 12.1 42.6
Spectrum 10 53.72 1.03 2.09 7.56 15.37 20.22 100.0 78.4 45.0 12.4 42.6
Spectrum 11 54.36 0.84 1.87 6.9 0 15.81 20.22 100.0 80.3 46.2 11.3 42.5
Spectrum 12 53.16 1.07 2.4 7.5 0 15.63 20.24 100.0 78.8 45.4 12.2 42.3
Spectrum 13 53.65 0.84 2 7.11 0 15.82 20.58 100.0 79.9 45.7 11.5 42.8
Spectrum 14 53.08 1.18 2.54 7.94 0 15.05 20.21 100.0 77.2 44.2 13.1 42.7
Spectrum 15 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Average 79.1 45.5 12.0 42.5
SD 1.14 0.78 0.64 0.30
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 71.5
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.38 1.07 2.54 8.02 0 15.07 19.92 100.0 77.0 44.5 13.3 42.3
Spectrum 2 53.15 1.28 2.45 7.85 0 15.1 20.17 100.0 77.4 44.4 13.0 42.6
Spectrum 3 53.18 1.02 2.5 8.65 0 14.26 20.39 100.0 74.6 42.2 14.4 43.4
Spectrum 4 52.81 1.15 2.84 7.55 0 15.2 20.07 99.6 78.2 44.9 12.5 42.6
Spectrum 5 53.96 0.88 2.2 7.45 0 15.35 20.15 100.0 78.6 45.1 12.3 42.6
Spectrum 6 53.67 0.86 2.07 7.85 15.44 20.11 100.0 77.8 45.0 12.8 42.1
Spectrum 7 53.21 1.31 2.69 7.51 14.96 19.91 99.6 78.0 44.7 12.6 42.7
Spectrum 8 53.22 1.19 2.35 7.75 0 15.15 20.34 100.0 77.7 44.4 12.7 42.9
Spectrum 9 53.55 1.01 2.02 7.91 15.36 20.16 100.0 77.6 44.8 12.9 42.3
Spectrum 10 53.25 0.97 2.42 7.76 15.28 20.31 100.0 77.8 44.6 12.7 42.7
Spectrum 11 53.9 0.78 2.16 7.56 0 15.39 20.21 100.0 78.4 45.0 12.4 42.5
Spectrum 12 53.39 1.15 2.13 7.97 0 15.33 20.03 100.0 77.4 44.8 13.1 42.1
Spectrum 13 53.53 1.03 2.3 7.55 0 14.91 20.22 99.5 77.9 44.3 12.6 43.2
Spectrum 14 53.98 0.95 2.14 7.45 0 15.41 20.07 100.0 78.7 45.3 12.3 42.4
Spectrum 15 53.35 0.9 2.24 7.71 0 15.38 20.43 100.0 78.0 44.7 12.6 42.7
Average 77.7 44.6 12.8 42.6
SD 0.96 0.72 0.52 0.36
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 74.8
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.15 0.99 2.23 6.79 0 15.57 20.27 100.0 80.3 45.9 11.2 42.9
Spectrum 2 53.6 1.09 2.26 7.16 0 15.44 20.45 100.0 79.4 45.2 11.8 43.0
Spectrum 3 53.48 0.8 2.15 8.08 0 15.79 19.7 100.0 77.7 45.8 13.1 41.1
Spectrum 4 54.58 0.91 1.91 6.62 0 15.66 20.32 100.0 80.8 46.1 10.9 43.0
Spectrum 5 53.17 0.88 2.47 7.66 0 15.52 20.28 100.0 78.3 45.1 12.5 42.4
Spectrum 6 54.12 1.01 2.1 6.96 15.9 19.9 100.0 80.3 46.6 11.4 41.9
Spectrum 7 54.42 0.81 1.61 6.49 16.11 20.55 100.0 81.6 46.7 10.5 42.8
Spectrum 8 53.77 0.99 2.49 7.16 0 15.49 20.1 100.0 79.4 45.6 11.8 42.6
Spectrum 9 53.55 1 2.15 7.86 15.69 19.76 100.0 78.1 45.7 12.9 41.4
Spectrum 10 54.53 0.75 1.63 6.56 16.42 20.11 100.0 81.7 47.5 10.7 41.8
Spectrum 11 53.92 0.94 2.1 7.05 0 15.85 20.21 100.1 80.0 46.2 11.5 42.3
Spectrum 12 53.89 1.02 1.98 8.1 0 15.36 20.03 100.4 77.2 44.8 13.2 42.0
Spectrum 13 53.95 0.85 2.08 6.67 0 16.07 20.22 99.8 81.1 46.8 10.9 42.3
Spectrum 14 54.61 0.6 1.45 6.7 0 16.54 20.07 100.0 81.5 47.6 10.8 41.5
Spectrum 15 54.32 0.77 2.06 7.39 0 15.4 20.43 100.4 78.8 45.0 12.1 42.9
Average 79.7 46.0 11.7 42.3
SD 1.48 0.87 0.90 0.62
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 116.4
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 55.55 1.38 5.4 0 17.06 20.62 100.0 84.9 48.9 8.7 42.5
Spectrum 2 55.16 0.78 1.36 5.84 0 17.07 19.79 100.0 83.9 49.4 9.5 41.2
Spectrum 3 54.94 1.49 6.2 0 16.57 20.01 99.2 82.6 48.1 10.1 41.8
Spectrum 4 55.71 0.59 1.46 5.46 0 16.6 20.16 100.0 84.4 48.6 9.0 42.4
Spectrum 5 54.75 0.7 1.77 5.9 0 16.82 20.06 100.0 83.6 48.7 9.6 41.7
Spectrum 6 55.59 0.64 1.16 5.09 17.09 20.42 100.0 85.7 49.4 8.2 42.4
Spectrum 7 55.43 0.57 1.32 5.47 16.85 20.36 100.0 84.6 48.8 8.9 42.4
Spectrum 8 54.89 0.76 1.72 5.96 0 16.71 19.97 100.0 83.3 48.6 9.7 41.7
Spectrum 9 55.01 0.8 1.29 5.88 16.91 20.1 100.0 83.7 48.8 9.5 41.7
Spectrum 10 54.7 0.59 1.83 5.55 16.94 20.4 100.0 84.5 48.8 9.0 42.2
Spectrum 11 54.65 0.73 1.7 6.82 0 16.45 19.65 100.0 81.1 47.8 11.1 41.1
Spectrum 12 54.6 0.77 1.69 5.86 0 16.87 20.21 100.0 83.7 48.6 9.5 41.9
Spectrum 13 54.62 0.9 1.63 6.23 0 16.95 19.68 100.0 82.9 49.0 10.1 40.9
Spectrum 14 55.02 0.75 1.29 5.58 0 16.91 20.45 100.0 84.4 48.7 9.0 42.3
Spectrum 15 54.64 0.84 1.51 6.99 0 16.76 19.25 100.0 81.0 48.5 11.4 40.1
Average 83.6 48.7 9.5 41.7
SD 1.29 0.40 0.86 0.69
99

Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 180.0
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 55.34 0.58 1.4 5.4 0 17.18 20.1 100.0 85.0 49.6 8.7 41.7
Spectrum 2 54.8 0.65 1.56 5.05 0 17.04 20.08 99.2 85.7 49.7 8.3 42.1
Spectrum 3 55 0.57 1.38 4.82 0 17.25 20.05 99.1 86.4 50.2 7.9 41.9
Spectrum 4 54.76 0.6 1.69 5.31 0 17.15 19.73 99.2 85.2 50.0 8.7 41.3
Spectrum 5 54.5 0.72 1.86 5.71 0 16.87 19.34 99.0 84.0 49.6 9.4 40.9
Spectrum 6 54.83 0.56 1.57 5.22 17.09 20.42 99.7 85.4 49.2 8.4 42.3
Spectrum 7 54.6 0.79 1.91 5.21 16.99 20.36 99.9 85.3 49.2 8.5 42.4
Spectrum 8 54.57 0.58 1.56 4.96 0 17.2 19.97 98.8 86.1 50.1 8.1 41.8
Spectrum 9 55.74 1.38 4.86 17.04 20.1 99.1 86.2 49.8 8.0 42.2
Spectrum 10 53.67 0.93 2.18 5.82 16.39 20.4 99.4 83.4 47.8 9.5 42.7
Spectrum 11 54.66 0.64 1.56 5.44 0 17.16 19.71 99.2 84.9 49.9 8.9 41.2
Spectrum 12 55.56 0.61 5.16 0 16.93 20.28 98.5 85.4 49.2 8.4 42.4
Spectrum 13 54.48 0.87 1.48 5.62 0 16.68 20.12 99.3 84.1 48.6 9.2 42.2
Spectrum 14 54.78 0.47 1.37 5.37 0 17.12 19.92 99.0 85.0 49.7 8.7 41.6
Spectrum 15 54.99 0.65 1.54 5.48 0 17.09 19.3 99.1 84.7 50.2 9.0 40.8
Average 85.1 49.5 8.6 41.8
SD 0.84 0.65 0.50 0.58
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 201.2
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.46 0.82 1.85 6.02 0 17.42 18.69 99.3 83.8 50.9 9.9 39.3
Spectrum 2 55.09 0.69 1.21 5.55 0 17.16 19.6 99.3 84.6 49.9 9.1 41.0
Spectrum 3 55 0.61 1.55 5.15 0 17.04 19.78 99.1 85.5 49.9 8.5 41.6
Spectrum 4 54.54 0.86 1.51 5.13 0 16.72 20.05 98.8 85.3 49.2 8.5 42.4
Spectrum 5 54.66 0.88 1.74 5.05 0 16.85 20.13 99.3 85.6 49.3 8.3 42.4
Spectrum 6 54.4 0.5 1.56 5.61 17.27 19.83 99.2 84.6 49.8 9.1 41.1
Spectrum 7 54.92 0.57 1.43 5.14 17.23 20.05 99.3 85.7 49.9 8.4 41.7
Spectrum 8 54.39 0.9 2.07 5.34 0 16.42 20.05 99.2 84.6 48.5 8.9 42.6
Spectrum 9 55.08 0.56 1.32 5.2 17.4 20.07 99.6 85.6 50.1 8.4 41.5
Spectrum 10 54.79 0.6 1.47 5.22 16.97 19.93 99.0 85.3 49.6 8.6 41.9
Spectrum 11 53.47 1.2 2.58 5.84 0 16.06 20.15 99.3 83.1 47.5 9.7 42.8
Spectrum 12 55.12 1.46 5.33 0 17.22 19.94 99.1 85.2 49.8 8.7 41.5
Spectrum 13 54.9 0.56 1.35 5.09 0 17.12 20.16 99.2 85.7 49.7 8.3 42.0
Spectrum 14 55.1 0.62 1.43 5.1 0 17.13 19.73 99.1 85.7 50.1 8.4 41.5
Spectrum 15 19.3 19.3 #DIV/0! 0.0 0.0 100.0
Average 85.0 49.6 8.7 41.7
SD 0.81 0.81 0.51 0.88
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 201.2
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 50.65 16.13 32.51 99.3 78.2
Ol.2 50.37 15.79 33.06 99.2 78.9
Ol.3 50.58 15.74 0.49 32.43 99.2 78.6
Ol.4 40.79 18.49 0.00 40.73 100.0 79.7
Ol.5 40.55 18.54 0.00 40.91 100.0 79.7
Ol.6 40.76 18.33 0.00 40.91 100.0 79.9
Ol.7 50.03 19.36 0.00 29.75 99.1 73.3
Ol.8 51 17.56 0.00 30.66 99.2 75.7
Ol.9 51.27 15.01 0.00 32.94 99.2 79.6
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 78.2
SD 2.3
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 212.5
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.9 0.52 1.39 5.05 0 17.54 19.75 99.2 86.1 50.7 8.2 41.1
Spectrum 2 55.11 0.69 1.26 5.01 0 17.14 19.87 99.1 85.9 50.1 8.2 41.7
Spectrum 3 54.53 0.71 1.64 5.01 0 17.2 19.87 99.0 86.0 50.1 8.2 41.7
Spectrum 4 54.76 0.55 1.6 5.27 0 17.17 19.77 99.1 85.3 50.0 8.6 41.4
Spectrum 5 55.19 0.64 1.29 4.76 0 17.3 19.92 99.1 86.6 50.4 7.8 41.8
Spectrum 6 55.21 0.72 1.42 4.92 16.93 19.98 99.2 86.0 49.7 8.1 42.2
Spectrum 7 54.66 0.54 1.53 4.82 17.1 19.91 98.6 86.3 50.1 7.9 42.0
Spectrum 8 55 0.54 1.32 4.91 0 17.01 19.94 98.7 86.1 49.9 8.1 42.0
Spectrum 9 55.02 0.65 1.41 4.84 17.13 20.13 99.2 86.3 49.9 7.9 42.2
Spectrum 10 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 11 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 12 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 13 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 14 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 15 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
100

Average 86.1 50.1 8.1 41.8
SD 0.37 0.31 0.24 0.37
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 212.5
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.66 17.48 41.86 100.0 81.0
Ol.2 40.68 17.12 42.2 100.0 81.5
Ol.3 40.9 17.17 0 41.93 100.0 81.3
Ol.4 41.29 16.97 0.00 41.74 100.0 81.4
Ol.5 41.09 17.01 0.00 41.89 100.0 81.4
Ol.6 40.95 17.07 0.00 41.98 100.0 81.4
Ol.7 40.7 17.61 0.00 41.69 100.0 80.8
Ol.8 40.67 17.67 0.00 41.66 100.0 80.8
Ol.9 40.77 17.41 0.00 41.82 100.0 81.1
Ol.10 41.26 17.11 0.00 41.63 100.0 81.3
Ol.11 40.54 17.42 42.04 100.0 81.1
Ol.12 41.38 16.92 41.7 100.0 81.5
Ol.13 40.66 17.72 41.62 100.0 80.7
Ol.14 41.1 17.14 41.76 100.0 81.3
Ol.15 40.79 17.08 41.76 99.6 81.3
AVG 81.2
SD 0.3
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 246.0
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.1 0.93 1.8 5.31 0 16.77 20.3 99.2 84.9 48.8 8.7 42.5
Spectrum 2 54.62 0.79 1.79 4.93 0 16.85 20.03 99.0 85.9 49.5 8.1 42.3
Spectrum 3 54.78 0.62 1.33 5.16 0 17.16 20.15 99.2 85.6 49.7 8.4 41.9
Spectrum 4 54.93 0.72 1.84 5.14 0 16.7 19.91 99.2 85.3 49.3 8.5 42.2
Spectrum 5 55.32 0.49 1.45 4.84 0 17.11 19.77 99.0 86.3 50.3 8.0 41.8
Spectrum 6 54.78 0.62 1.33 5.16 17.16 20.15 99.2 85.6 49.7 8.4 41.9
Spectrum 7 54.93 0.72 1.84 5.14 16.7 19.91 99.2 85.3 49.3 8.5 42.2
Spectrum 8 55.32 0.49 1.45 4.84 0 17.11 19.77 99.0 86.3 50.3 8.0 41.8
Spectrum 9 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 10 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 11 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 12 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 13 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 14 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 15 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Average 85.6 49.6 8.3 42.1
SD 0.50 0.50 0.26 0.27
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 246.0
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.95 17.37 41.68 100.0 81.0
Ol.2 40.99 16.93 42.08 100.0 81.6
Ol.3 40.57 17.35 0 42.08 100.0 81.2
Ol.4 41.14 16.91 0.00 41.94 100.0 81.5
Ol.5 40.97 17.28 0.00 41.75 100.0 81.2
Ol.6 41.06 17.28 0.00 41.67 100.0 81.1
Ol.7 40.79 17.37 0.00 41.85 100.0 81.1
Ol.8 40.63 17.47 0.00 41.9 100.0 81.0
Ol.9 40.75 17.33 0.00 41.61 99.7 81.1
Ol.10 40.69 17.39 0.00 41.92 100.0 81.1
Ol.11 40.82 17.33 41.85 100.0 81.1
Ol.12 41.03 16.98 41.98 100.0 81.5
Ol.13 40.5 17.73 41.77 100.0 80.8
Ol.14 40.94 17.02 42.04 100.0 81.5
Ol.15 40.94 17.21 41.85 100.0 81.2
AVG 81.2
SD 0.2
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 323.6
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.6 0.68 1.49 5.09 0 16.92 20.05 98.8 85.6 49.5 8.4 42.2
Spectrum 2 54.64 0.67 1.73 5.12 0 16.78 20.03 99.0 85.4 49.3 8.4 42.3
Spectrum 3 54.88 0.55 1.63 5.19 0 16.96 19.85 99.1 85.3 49.7 8.5 41.8
Spectrum 4 54.47 0.78 1.66 5.23 0 16.87 19.7 98.7 85.2 49.7 8.6 41.7
Spectrum 5 53.23 1.17 2.71 5.69 0 16.14 20.23 99.2 83.5 47.6 9.4 42.9
Spectrum 6 54.44 0.62 1.76 5.35 16.68 20.43 99.3 84.7 48.5 8.7 42.7
101

Spectrum 7 54.69 0.72 1.95 5.11 16.52 19.83 98.8 85.2 49.1 8.5 42.4
Spectrum 8 54.67 0.66 1.48 5.59 0 17.58 19.26 99.2 84.9 50.9 9.1 40.1
Spectrum 9 54.17 0.91 2.3 5.54 16.27 20.11 99.3 84.0 48.1 9.2 42.7
Spectrum 10 53.36 1.22 2.63 5.47 16.38 19.76 98.8 84.2 48.7 9.1 42.2
Spectrum 11 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 12 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 13 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 14 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 15 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Average 84.8 49.1 8.8 42.1
SD 0.69 0.92 0.37 0.82
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 323.6
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.95 17.43 41.62 100.0 81.0
Ol.2 40.89 17.26 41.85 100.0 81.2
Ol.3 41.14 16.88 0 41.98 100.0 81.6
Ol.4 40.86 17.42 0.00 41.43 99.7 80.9
Ol.5 40.77 17.34 0.00 41.89 100.0 81.1
Ol.6 40.93 17.19 0.00 41.89 100.0 81.3
Ol.7 40.41 17.66 0.00 41.93 100.0 80.9
Ol.8 41.09 17.27 0.00 41.63 100.0 81.1
Ol.9 41 16.96 0.00 42.04 100.0 81.5
Ol.10 40.84 17.42 0.00 41.74 100.0 81.0
Ol.11 40.98 17.08 41.94 100.0 81.4
Ol.12 40.79 17.47 41.74 100.0 81.0
Ol.13 40.76 17.17 0.39 41.68 100.0 81.2
Ol.14 40.69 17.7 41.61 100.0 80.7
Ol.15 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 81.1
SD 0.3
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 373.4
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 52.98 1.39 2.76 5.56 0 15.96 20.27 98.9 83.6 47.4 9.3 43.3
Spectrum 2 53.25 1.16 2.81 5.76 0 15.95 20.26 99.2 83.1 47.3 9.6 43.2
Spectrum 3 52.81 1.48 3.28 5.91 0 15.71 20.08 99.3 82.6 46.9 9.9 43.1
Spectrum 4 53.9 1.16 2.51 5.41 0 16.32 20.04 99.3 84.3 48.3 9.0 42.7
Spectrum 5 54.09 1.17 2.53 5.67 0 16.07 20.07 99.6 83.5 47.7 9.4 42.8
Spectrum 6 54.16 0.99 2.58 5.5 16.39 19.68 99.3 84.2 48.7 9.2 42.1
Spectrum 7 53.13 1.45 3.28 5.51 15.72 19.78 98.9 83.6 47.6 9.4 43.1
Spectrum 8 53.65 1.2 2.21 5.69 0 16.6 20.23 99.6 83.9 48.3 9.3 42.4
Spectrum 9 54.21 0.92 1.9 5.63 17 19.66 99.3 84.3 49.6 9.2 41.2
Spectrum 10 53.21 1.39 3.29 5.45 15.92 19.95 99.2 83.9 47.8 9.2 43.0
Spectrum 11 53.91 1.51 2.34 5.42 0 16.39 19.98 99.6 84.3 48.5 9.0 42.5
Spectrum 12 52.5 1.45 3.25 5.73 0 15.85 20 98.8 83.1 47.4 9.6 43.0
Spectrum 13 53.27 1.47 2.86 5.86 0 16.24 20.29 100.0 83.2 47.6 9.6 42.8
Spectrum 14 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 15 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Average 83.7 47.9 9.4 42.7
SD 0.56 0.72 0.27 0.57
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 373.4
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.58 17.85 41.57 100.0 80.6
Ol.2 40.8 17.21 42 100.0 81.3
Ol.3 41.28 17.14 41.59 100.0 81.2
Ol.4 41.04 17.04 41.92 100.0 81.4
Ol.5 40.67 17.23 0.5 41.61 100.0 81.1
Ol.6 40.91 16.93 42.17 100.0 81.6
Ol.7 41.09 17.01 41.9 100.0 81.4
Ol.8 40.85 16.62 42.53 100.0 82.0
Ol.9 0.0 #DIV/0!
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 81.3
SD 0.4
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 414.7
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.93 0.5 1.54 4.69 0 16.89 20.16 98.7 86.5 49.7 7.7 42.6
Spectrum 2 54.98 0.64 1.39 4.78 0 17.02 20.22 99.0 86.4 49.7 7.8 42.5
102

Spectrum 3 54.15 0.84 1.64 5.3 0 16.82 19.92 98.7 85.0 49.3 8.7 42.0
Spectrum 4 54.83 0.78 1.8 5.15 0 16.52 20.03 99.1 85.1 48.9 8.5 42.6
Spectrum 5 54.01 0.86 2.21 5.58 0 16.43 20.07 99.2 84.0 48.3 9.2 42.5
Spectrum 6 52.79 1.32 3.15 5.9 15.96 20.18 99.3 82.8 47.2 9.8 43.0
Spectrum 7 54.16 0.96 1.98 5.72 16.4 20.07 99.3 83.6 48.2 9.4 42.4
Spectrum 8 53.17 1.61 3.37 5.86 0 15.45 20.15 99.6 82.5 46.5 9.9 43.6
Spectrum 9 53.19 1.08 2.56 5.92 16.02 19.88 98.7 82.8 47.6 9.9 42.5
Spectrum 10 53.91 0.99 2.09 5.65 16.41 20.31 99.4 83.8 48.0 9.3 42.7
Spectrum 11 53.6 1.17 2.73 5.6 0 16.18 20.31 99.6 83.7 47.7 9.3 43.0
Spectrum 12 53.6 1.12 2.32 6.05 0 16.25 19.95 99.3 82.7 47.8 10.0 42.2
Spectrum 13 52.89 1.4 3.11 5.97 0 15.97 20.25 99.6 82.7 47.1 9.9 43.0
Spectrum 14 52.6 1.53 3.32 6.04 15.74 20.35 82.3 46.6 10.0 43.3
Spectrum 15 53.23 1.22 2.72 6.08 15.89 20.11 82.3 47.1 10.1 42.8
Average 83.7 48.0 9.3 42.7
SD 1.41 1.03 0.78 0.43
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 414.7
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 41.17 17.34 41.49 100.0 81.0
Ol.2 40.94 17.77 41.29 100.0 80.5
Ol.3 41 17.11 41.89 100.0 81.4
Ol.4 41.14 17.85 41.01 100.0 80.4
Ol.5 41 17.6 0 41.4 100.0 80.7
Ol.6 40.85 17.95 41.2 100.0 80.4
Ol.7 40.64 18.01 41.36 100.0 80.4
Ol.8 40.55 17.86 41.59 100.0 80.6
Ol.9 41.04 17.77 41.19 100.0 80.5
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 80.6
SD 0.3
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 429.5
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.7 0.94 2.09 5.52 0 16.51 20.03 98.8 84.2 48.5 9.1 42.3
Spectrum 2 53.92 0.88 2.38 6.02 0 16.8 19.99 100.0 83.3 48.6 9.8 41.6
Spectrum 3 54.75 0.71 1.48 5.42 0 16.79 20.01 99.2 84.7 49.1 8.9 42.0
Spectrum 4 54.42 0.8 1.94 5.5 0 16.63 19.97 99.3 84.3 48.8 9.1 42.1
Spectrum 5 54.73 0.72 1.62 5.44 0 16.93 19.76 99.2 84.7 49.5 8.9 41.6
Spectrum 6 55.17 0.63 1.57 5.09 16.82 19.76 99.0 85.5 49.6 8.4 41.9
Spectrum 7 54.84 0.73 1.61 5.08 17.08 19.91 99.3 85.7 49.9 8.3 41.8
Spectrum 8 54.21 0.82 2.17 5.72 0 16.48 19.9 99.3 83.7 48.5 9.4 42.1
Spectrum 9 54.56 0.73 1.67 5.23 16.64 20.35 99.2 85.0 48.6 8.6 42.8
Spectrum 10 54.91 0.65 1.41 5.18 17.18 19.88 99.2 85.5 50.0 8.5 41.6
Spectrum 11 54.26 0.89 1.95 5.38 0 16.7 19.81 99.0 84.7 49.2 8.9 41.9
Spectrum 12 55.01 0.7 1.61 5.15 0 16.79 19.78 99.0 85.3 49.5 8.5 41.9
Spectrum 13 54.48 0.86 1.78 5.28 0 16.5 20 98.9 84.8 48.8 8.8 42.5
Spectrum 14 54.35 0.98 2.04 5.39 16.47 19.83 99.1 84.5 48.8 9.0 42.2
Spectrum 15 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Average 84.7 49.1 8.9 42.0
SD 0.69 0.51 0.41 0.35
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 429.5
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.47 18.49 41.03 100.0 79.8
Ol.2 40.71 17.73 41.56 100.0 80.7
Ol.3 40.95 17.84 41.21 100.0 80.5
Ol.4 40.54 17.31 41.72 99.6 81.1
Ol.5 40.5 17.81 0 41.27 99.6 80.5
Ol.6 40.83 16.97 42.2 100.0 81.6
Ol.7 40.69 17.63 41.68 100.0 80.8
Ol.8 40.77 17.92 41.31 100.0 80.4
Ol.9 40.83 17.69 41.48 100.0 80.7
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 80.7
SD 0.5
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 445.3
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.52 0.73 1.71 5.36 0 16.71 19.84 98.9 84.7 49.2 8.9 42.0
Spectrum 2 54.29 0.7 1.7 5.67 0 16.49 19.77 98.6 83.8 48.7 9.4 41.9
Spectrum 3 54.38 0.6 1.68 5.39 0 16.99 20.13 99.2 84.9 49.3 8.8 42.0
103

Spectrum 4 54.6 0.66 1.72 5.1 0 17.12 20.02 99.2 85.7 49.8 8.3 41.9
Spectrum 5 54.8 0.49 1.5 5.36 0 16.91 20.18 99.2 84.9 49.1 8.7 42.1
Spectrum 6 54.84 0.74 1.25 6.21 16.21 19.31 98.6 82.3 48.3 10.4 41.3
Spectrum 7 54.97 0.7 1.39 5.67 16.92 19.4 99.1 84.2 49.7 9.3 41.0
Spectrum 8 55.13 0.61 1.49 5.75 0 16.8 19.61 99.4 83.9 49.2 9.5 41.3
Spectrum 9 55.03 0.57 1.56 5.44 16.94 19.7 99.2 84.7 49.6 8.9 41.5
Spectrum 10 54 0.74 2 5.92 16.03 19.93 98.6 82.8 47.6 9.9 42.5
Spectrum 11 54.54 0.64 1.5 5.16 0 17.1 19.58 98.5 85.5 50.2 8.5 41.3
Spectrum 12 54.7 1.55 5.37 0 16.94 20.02 98.6 84.9 49.3 8.8 41.9
Spectrum 13 54.69 0.68 1.9 5.56 0 16.28 20.28 99.4 83.9 47.9 9.2 42.9
Spectrum 14 54.65 0.87 1.49 4.97 16.71 20.06 98.8 85.7 49.3 8.2 42.5
Spectrum 15 54.55 0.59 1.6 5.45 17.13 19.68 99.0 84.9 49.9 8.9 41.2
Average 84.5 49.1 9.0 41.8
SD 0.98 0.73 0.58 0.56
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 445.3
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.49 19.02 0.43 40.06 100.0 79.0
Ol.2 40.36 19.24 40.4 100.0 78.9
Ol.3 40.82 18.61 40.57 100.0 79.5
Ol.4 40.86 18.87 40.28 100.0 79.2
Ol.5 41.5 19.18 0 40.82 101.5 79.1
Ol.6 40.57 19.23 40.2 100.0 78.8
Ol.7 40.73 18.34 40.93 100.0 79.9
Ol.8 40.57 18.38 41.05 100.0 79.9
Ol.9 40.73 18.12 41.15 100.0 80.2
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 79.4
SD 0.5
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 454.9
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.13 1.27 2.69 6.54 0 15.61 19.75 100.0 81.0 46.6 11.0 42.4
Spectrum 2 54.02 0.93 2.24 6.3 0 16.03 20.08 99.6 81.9 47.1 10.4 42.5
Spectrum 3 54.44 0.71 1.81 5.82 0 16.69 19.74 99.2 83.6 48.9 9.6 41.6
Spectrum 4 54.13 0.71 1.92 5.87 0 16.7 20.05 99.4 83.5 48.5 9.6 41.9
Spectrum 5 53.97 0.95 2.28 6.38 0 15.91 20.11 99.6 81.6 46.9 10.5 42.6
Spectrum 6 54.4 0.72 1.98 6.39 16.54 19.97 100.0 82.2 48.0 10.4 41.6
Spectrum 7 54.79 0.71 1.77 5.99 16.75 19.99 100.0 83.3 48.6 9.7 41.7
Spectrum 8 54.4 0.66 1.75 5.93 0 16.54 20.05 99.3 83.3 48.2 9.7 42.0
Spectrum 9 54.31 0.79 1.77 5.96 16.79 19.74 99.4 83.4 48.9 9.7 41.3
Spectrum 10 54.35 0.83 1.85 5.92 16.63 19.7 99.3 83.3 48.7 9.7 41.5
Spectrum 11 54.19 0.89 2.24 6.14 0 16.01 19.58 99.1 82.3 47.7 10.3 42.0
Spectrum 12 54.06 0.94 2.42 6.36 0 16.1 20.02 99.9 81.9 47.3 10.5 42.3
Spectrum 13 54.07 0.88 2.24 5.96 0 16.7 20.28 100.1 83.3 48.2 9.7 42.1
Spectrum 14 54.49 0.95 1.91 5.65 16.28 20.06 99.3 83.7 48.1 9.4 42.6
Spectrum 15 55.07 0.7 1.72 5.82 16.63 19.68 99.6 83.6 48.8 9.6 41.6
Average 82.8 48.0 10.0 42.0
SD 0.89 0.76 0.48 0.42
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 454.9
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.31 20.15 39.54 100.0 77.8
Ol.2 40.49 20.32 39.19 100.0 77.5
Ol.3 40.11 20.32 0.48 39.09 100.0 77.4
Ol.4 40.52 19.94 39.54 100.0 77.9
Ol.5 40.39 19.78 39.82 100.0 78.2
Ol.6 40.2 20.11 0.43 39.25 100.0 77.7
Ol.7 40.34 20.39 39.27 100.0 77.4
Ol.8 40.42 20.25 39.33 100.0 77.6
Ol.9 40.64 20.32 39.04 100.0 77.4
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 77.7
SD 0.3
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 470.2
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 55.9 1.28 5.89 0 18.35 17.7 99.1 84.7 53.4 9.6 37.0
Spectrum 2 55.26 1.15 5.62 0 18.06 19.06 99.2 85.1 51.7 9.0 39.2
Spectrum 3 55.71 1.06 5.49 0 18.84 18.2 99.3 85.9 53.8 8.8 37.4
Spectrum 4 54.68 0.65 1.75 5.61 0 18.38 17.88 99.0 85.4 53.5 9.2 37.4
104

Spectrum 5 55.36 1.56 5.96 0 19.97 16.42 99.3 85.7 56.9 9.5 33.6
Spectrum 6 53.27 1.43 2.65 6.8 16.32 18.97 99.4 81.0 48.3 11.3 40.4
Spectrum 7 54.86 0.63 1.77 6.25 18.05 17.65 99.2 83.7 52.7 10.2 37.1
Spectrum 8 54.91 0.57 1.66 5.98 0 18.26 17.79 99.2 84.5 53.1 9.8 37.2
Spectrum 9 55.48 0.48 0.93 6.48 19.24 16.59 99.2 84.1 55.3 10.4 34.3
Spectrum 10 55.05 0.51 1.57 5.93 18.08 17.97 99.1 84.5 52.7 9.7 37.6
Spectrum 11 55.13 0.41 1.27 5.93 0 18.42 17.99 99.2 84.7 53.1 9.6 37.3
Spectrum 12 55.36 0.58 1.43 5.97 0 18.75 17.03 99.1 84.8 54.6 9.8 35.7
Spectrum 13 54.99 0.48 1.32 5.04 0 18.37 18.9 99.1 86.7 52.8 8.1 39.1
Spectrum 14 55.26 0.5 1.4 6.11 19.04 16.83 99.1 84.7 55.1 9.9 35.0
Spectrum 15 54.61 0.64 1.81 6.41 17.26 18.6 99.3 82.8 50.4 10.5 39.1
Average 84.6 53.2 9.7 37.1
SD 1.34 2.04 0.76 1.89
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 470.2
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.72 18.27 41.02 100.0 80.0
Ol.2 40.84 19.01 40.15 100.0 79.0
Ol.3 40.45 19.74 0 39.81 100.0 78.2
Ol.4 40.01 21.03 38.97 100.0 76.8
Ol.5 40.25 20.95 38.8 100.0 76.7
Ol.6 40.17 20.18 0 39.64 100.0 77.8
Ol.7 40.72 20.02 39.26 100.0 77.8
Ol.8 40.4 20.2 39.4 100.0 77.7
Ol.9 40.34 20.5 39.16 100.0 77.3
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 77.9
SD 1.1
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 497.5
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 55.27 0.53 1.19 7.47 0 15.78 19.23 99.5 79.0 46.7 12.4 40.9
Spectrum 2 54.37 0.74 1.92 7.54 0 16.59 18.85 100.0 79.7 48.3 12.3 39.4
Spectrum 3 55.1 0.69 1.3 7.18 0 16.27 19.03 99.6 80.2 47.9 11.9 40.3
Spectrum 4 54.83 0.63 1.71 5.47 0 17.44 18.92 99.0 85.0 51.1 9.0 39.9
Spectrum 5 54.69 0.64 1.79 5.63 0 17.49 19.21 99.5 84.7 50.8 9.2 40.1
Spectrum 6 55.8 7.33 15.49 19.68 98.3 79.0 45.9 12.2 41.9
Spectrum 7 56.89 5.75 15.82 21.55 100.0 83.1 45.8 9.3 44.9
Spectrum 8 55.19 0.6 1.3 6.64 0 16.35 19.45 99.5 81.4 48.0 10.9 41.1
Spectrum 9 55.93 0.95 6.82 15.82 19.95 99.5 80.5 46.5 11.3 42.2
Spectrum 10 54 0.95 2.17 6.64 16.76 18.79 99.3 81.8 49.3 11.0 39.7
Spectrum 11 53.95 0.79 2.51 6.58 0 16.95 18.68 99.5 82.1 49.7 10.8 39.4
Spectrum 12 55 0.59 1.48 6.17 0 17.87 18.23 99.3 83.8 51.9 10.1 38.1
Spectrum 13 54.98 0.66 1.36 5.93 0 17.83 18.59 99.4 84.3 51.6 9.6 38.7
Spectrum 14 54.58 1 1.83 6.82 16.53 18.81 99.6 81.2 48.8 11.3 39.9
Spectrum 15 54.89 0.6 1.78 7.07 16.99 18.67 100.0 81.1 49.4 11.5 39.0
Average 81.8 48.8 10.9 40.4
SD 2.00 2.02 1.16 1.67
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 511.7
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.83 0.79 2.44 7.62 0 16.29 18.64 99.6 79.2 48.0 12.6 39.5
Spectrum 2 53.98 0.92 2.18 8.29 0 15.6 18.61 99.6 77.0 46.4 13.8 39.8
Spectrum 3 53.18 1.06 2.88 7.91 0 15.63 18.9 99.6 77.9 46.4 13.2 40.4
Spectrum 4 53.48 1.06 2.14 8.45 0 15.08 19.78 100.0 76.1 44.3 13.9 41.8
Spectrum 5 54.87 0.61 1.54 7.86 0 17.22 17.9 100.0 79.6 49.9 12.8 37.3
Spectrum 6 54.95 0.7 1.73 6.29 17.03 19.3 100.0 82.8 49.5 10.3 40.3
Spectrum 7 52.85 0.76 2.23 7.3 15.67 21.18 100.0 79.3 44.8 11.7 43.5
Spectrum 8 52.8 1.46 3.39 7.93 0 16.2 18.23 100.0 78.5 48.0 13.2 38.8
Spectrum 9 53.82 1.09 2.75 7.5 15.96 18.88 100.0 79.1 47.3 12.5 40.2
Spectrum 10 54.56 0.8 1.66 7.54 15.52 19.91 100.0 78.6 45.6 12.4 42.0
Spectrum 11 53.57 1.07 2.77 7.66 0 15.84 19.08 100.0 78.7 46.8 12.7 40.5
Spectrum 12 53.79 1.12 2.39 7.51 0 16.27 18.92 100.0 79.4 47.7 12.4 39.9
Spectrum 13 54.4 0.95 1.98 8.09 0 15.25 18.83 99.5 77.1 45.8 13.6 40.6
Spectrum 14 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Spectrum 15 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
Average 78.7 46.9 12.7 40.4
SD 1.64 1.67 0.97 1.52
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 511.7
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
105

Ol.1 39.6 25.5 34.9 100.0 70.9
Ol.2 39.53 24.62 0.5 35.35 100.0 71.9
Ol.3 39.15 25.76 35.09 100.0 70.8
Ol.4 39.91 23.79 36.3 100.0 73.1
Ol.5 39.59 24.64 35.77 100.0 72.1
Ol.6 39.62 25.87 34.51 100.0 70.4
Ol.7 39.33 23.73 0.5 36.44 100.0 73.2
Ol.8 39.54 23.98 36.48 100.0 73.1
Ol.9 39.71 24.41 35.88 100.0 72.4
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 72.0
SD 1.1
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 530.5
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.14 1.03 2.52 7.08 0 16.87 18.37 100.0 80.9 49.5 11.7 38.8
Spectrum 2 54.42 0.59 2.01 6.55 0 17.78 17.92 99.3 82.9 51.8 10.7 37.5
Spectrum 3 54.99 0.63 1.76 5.99 0 17.66 18.09 99.1 84.0 51.9 9.9 38.2
Spectrum 4 54.43 0.83 1.88 6.51 0 17.83 17.82 99.3 83.0 52.0 10.7 37.4
Spectrum 5 54.21 0.74 2.08 6.39 0 17.31 18.45 99.2 82.8 50.7 10.5 38.8
Spectrum 6 53.83 0.81 2.64 6.76 17.23 18.02 99.3 82.0 50.7 11.2 38.1
Spectrum 7 55.06 0.81 2.46 6.44 18.06 17.15 100.0 83.3 53.1 10.6 36.3
Spectrum 8 55.17 0.55 1.6 5.64 0 18.72 17.5 99.2 85.5 54.3 9.2 36.5
Spectrum 9 55.28 1.38 5.59 18.69 18.18 99.1 85.6 53.6 9.0 37.5
Spectrum 10 55.07 0.52 1.22 5.61 18.66 18.13 99.2 85.6 53.6 9.0 37.4
Spectrum 11 55.12 0.7 1.38 5.42 0 18.22 18.48 99.3 85.7 52.7 8.8 38.5
Spectrum 12 54.03 0.92 2.24 6.22 0 17.4 18.28 99.1 83.3 51.1 10.3 38.6
Spectrum 13 55.15 1.57 6.13 0 17.95 18.51 99.3 83.9 51.7 9.9 38.4
Spectrum 14 54.59 0.6 1.76 5.9 17.96 18.22 99.0 84.4 52.3 9.6 38.1
Spectrum 15 55.12 1.6 6.22 18.3 17.86 99.1 84.0 52.8 10.1 37.1
Average 83.8 52.1 10.1 37.8
SD 1.42 1.28 0.84 0.80
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 530.5
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.78 18.08 40.85 99.7 80.1
Ol.2 40.73 19.26 0 40 100.0 78.7
Ol.3 41.15 18.32 40.52 100.0 79.8
Ol.4 40.86 18.63 40.51 100.0 79.5
Ol.5 40.37 19.44 40.19 100.0 78.7
Ol.6 40.68 17.73 41.31 99.7 80.6
Ol.7 40.64 19.19 0 39.88 99.7 78.7
Ol.8 40.57 19.05 40.38 100.0 79.1
Ol.9 40.53 18.38 41.09 100.0 79.9
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 79.5
SD 0.7
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 555
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 55.12 0.78 1.82 5.78 0 18.03 17.68 99.2 84.8 53.1 9.5 37.4
Spectrum 2 55.51 0.56 1.32 5.29 0 18.4 18.17 99.3 86.1 53.4 8.6 37.9
Spectrum 3 54.44 0.7 1.88 5.73 0 17.96 18.51 99.2 84.8 52.1 9.3 38.6
Spectrum 4 53.93 0.95 2.35 6 0 17.34 18.64 99.2 83.7 50.8 9.9 39.3
Spectrum 5 53.86 1.19 2.65 5.88 0 17.27 18.59 99.4 84.0 50.9 9.7 39.4
Spectrum 6 53.79 1.41 2.49 6.21 16.32 18.79 99.0 82.4 49.0 10.5 40.6
Spectrum 7 53.77 1.2 2.55 6.26 16.77 18.85 99.4 82.7 49.6 10.4 40.1
Spectrum 8 53.94 1.13 2.89 5.88 0 17.04 18.49 99.4 83.8 50.7 9.8 39.5
Spectrum 9 53.15 1.2 3.17 6.07 16.87 18.75 99.2 83.2 50.0 10.1 39.9
Spectrum 10 53.52 1.07 2.45 6.14 17.42 18.14 98.7 83.5 51.4 10.2 38.5
Spectrum 11 54.76 1.02 1.91 5.89 0 17.12 19.3 100.0 83.8 49.9 9.6 40.5
Spectrum 12 54.66 0.68 1.91 5.85 0 17.95 18.13 99.2 84.5 52.4 9.6 38.0
Spectrum 13 54.09 1.23 2.42 6.14 0 16.78 19.33 100.0 83.0 49.2 10.1 40.7
Spectrum 14 54.9 0.61 1.88 5.3 17.82 18.57 99.1 85.7 52.2 8.7 39.1
Spectrum 15 55.42 0.46 1.29 5.49 18.73 17.85 99.2 85.9 54.1 8.9 37.0
Average 84.1 51.2 9.7 39.1
SD 1.15 1.58 0.57 1.16
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 555
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 41.13 16.09 42.78 100.0 82.6
106

Ol.2 40.99 16.16 0 42.84 100.0 82.5
Ol.3 41.15 16.13 42.72 100.0 82.5
Ol.4 40.59 17.79 41.62 100.0 80.7
Ol.5 40.66 17.74 41.6 100.0 80.7
Ol.6 41.18 17.62 41.2 100.0 80.6
Ol.7 40.91 16.58 0 42.52 100.0 82.0
Ol.8 41.07 16.72 42.21 100.0 81.8
Ol.9 41.22 16.78 42.01 100.0 81.7
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 81.7
SD 0.8
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 615
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 53.53 1.08 2.74 6.35 0 16.86 18.43 99.0 82.6 50.1 10.6 39.3
Spectrum 2 53.26 1.02 2.95 6.23 0 16.79 18.57 98.8 82.8 49.9 10.4 39.7
Spectrum 3 53.02 1.3 2.91 6.28 0 16.44 19.04 99.0 82.3 48.9 10.5 40.7
Spectrum 4 53.66 1.09 2.67 6 0 17.3 18.38 99.1 83.7 51.1 9.9 39.0
Spectrum 5 53.76 0.97 2.72 6.2 0 16.95 18.61 99.2 83.0 50.1 10.3 39.6
Spectrum 6 53.33 1.17 2.91 6.13 16.64 18.54 98.7 82.9 49.8 10.3 39.9
Spectrum 7 53.7 1.06 2.8 6.04 17.76 17.73 99.1 84.0 52.4 10.0 37.6
Spectrum 8 53.51 1.19 2.81 6.18 0 16.58 19.01 99.3 82.7 49.2 10.3 40.5
Spectrum 9 53.44 1.15 2.85 6.46 17.11 18.11 99.1 82.5 50.7 10.7 38.6
Spectrum 10 54.12 0.82 2.44 6.19 17.19 18.69 99.5 83.2 50.4 10.2 39.4
Spectrum 11 54.04 1.08 2.66 6.11 0 17.29 18.82 100.0 83.5 50.5 10.0 39.5
Spectrum 12 54.75 0.83 1.8 5.84 0 17.34 18.69 99.3 84.1 50.9 9.6 39.5
Spectrum 13 54.83 0.77 1.7 6.36 0 18.39 17.25 99.3 83.7 53.5 10.4 36.1
Spectrum 14 53.5 1.05 3.1 6.04 16.69 19.25 99.6 83.1 49.2 10.0 40.8
Spectrum 15 53.54 0.97 2.77 6.21 17.39 18.11 99.0 83.3 51.3 10.3 38.4
Average 83.2 50.5 10.2 39.2
SD 0.55 1.23 0.28 1.22
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 615
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.51 17.86 41.63 100.0 80.6
Ol.2 40.94 17.56 0 41.5 100.0 80.8
Ol.3 41.13 17.32 41.55 100.0 81.0
Ol.4 40.83 18.03 41.14 100.0 80.3
Ol.5 41.05 17.92 41.03 100.0 80.3
Ol.6 40.91 17.53 41.57 100.0 80.9
Ol.7 40.95 17.98 0 41.07 100.0 80.3
Ol.8 40.67 17.98 41.35 100.0 80.4
Ol.9 40.47 18.03 41.51 100.0 80.4
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 80.6
SD 0.3
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 630
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 55.38 0.55 1.27 5.48 0 18.4 18.08 99.2 85.7 53.4 8.9 37.7
Spectrum 2 55.1 1.44 5.84 0 18.19 18.58 99.2 84.7 52.2 9.4 38.4
Spectrum 3 55.03 0.45 1.4 5.93 0 18.36 17.92 99.1 84.7 53.1 9.6 37.3
Spectrum 4 54.54 0.58 1.61 5.94 0 18.13 18.11 98.9 84.5 52.6 9.7 37.8
Spectrum 5 54 0.74 2.05 6.07 0 17.73 18.39 99.0 83.9 51.6 9.9 38.5
Spectrum 6 55.21 0.48 1.38 5.67 17.95 18.48 99.2 84.9 52.2 9.2 38.6
Spectrum 7 55.64 0.84 6.14 19.65 16.86 99.1 85.1 55.8 9.8 34.4
Spectrum 8 55.48 1.43 5.55 0 18.23 18.34 99.0 85.4 52.8 9.0 38.2
Spectrum 9 54.64 0.64 1.79 5.54 17.85 18.49 99.0 85.2 52.1 9.1 38.8
Spectrum 10 55.36 0.56 1.33 5.19 18.04 18.69 99.2 86.1 52.5 8.5 39.1
Spectrum 11 55.62 0.54 1.17 5.88 0 19.03 17.02 99.3 85.2 55.1 9.5 35.4
Spectrum 12 53.97 0.7 2.39 6.47 0 17.37 17.86 98.8 82.7 51.3 10.7 37.9
Spectrum 13 54.39 0.78 1.8 5.56 0 17.5 19.02 99.1 84.9 51.0 9.1 39.9
Spectrum 14 54.26 0.64 2.01 6.46 16.95 18.54 98.9 82.4 50.0 10.7 39.3
Spectrum 15 55.42 0.61 1.49 5.31 17.87 18.44 99.1 85.7 52.4 8.7 38.9
Average 84.7 52.5 9.5 38.0
SD 1.04 1.45 0.65 1.43
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 630
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 40.65 17.78 41.56 100.0 80.6
Ol.2 41.22 16.99 0 41.79 100.0 81.4
107

Ol.3 41.14 17.02 41.85 100.0 81.4
Ol.4 40.63 19.27 40.1 100.0 78.8
Ol.5 41.01 17.22 41.77 100.0 81.2
Ol.6 40.28 18.88 40.84 100.0 79.4
Ol.7 40.73 18.4 0 40.88 100.0 79.8
Ol.8 40.54 18.63 40.84 100.0 79.6
Ol.9 41.03 17.1 41.87 100.0 81.4
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 80.4
SD 1.0
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 640
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.39 0.6 2.13 6.09 0 17.49 18.11 98.8 83.7 51.6 10.1 38.4
Spectrum 2 54.7 0.87 1.93 6.69 0 17.28 18.52 100.0 82.2 50.3 10.9 38.8
Spectrum 3 54.53 0.71 2.26 6.91 0 15.95 19.2 99.6 80.4 47.4 11.5 41.0
Spectrum 4 53.23 1.07 2.59 7.9 0 15.99 19.22 100.0 78.3 46.7 12.9 40.4
Spectrum 5 54.47 0.7 1.91 6.44 0 17.53 18.22 99.3 82.9 51.2 10.6 38.3
Spectrum 6 55.36 0.53 1.22 5.84 18.23 18.04 99.2 84.8 52.9 9.5 37.6
Spectrum 7 54.71 0.68 1.8 5.9 17.76 18.09 98.9 84.3 52.1 9.7 38.2
Spectrum 8 54.41 0.63 1.96 6.47 0 17.66 17.89 99.0 82.9 51.7 10.6 37.7
Spectrum 9 54.18 0.73 2.28 6.54 17.29 18.08 99.1 82.5 50.9 10.8 38.3
Spectrum 10 53.81 0.97 2.54 7.14 17.15 17.67 99.3 81.1 50.6 11.8 37.5
Spectrum 11 53.53 0.87 2.58 7.18 0 17.01 17.75 98.9 80.8 50.3 11.9 37.8
Spectrum 12 53.7 0.78 2.31 6.82 0 17.47 18.02 99.1 82.0 51.0 11.2 37.8
Spectrum 13 54.75 0.49 1.92 6.53 0 17.91 17.51 99.1 83.0 52.4 10.7 36.8
Spectrum 14 54.49 0.57 1.98 6.4 18.55 16.95 98.9 83.8 54.0 10.5 35.5
Spectrum 15 55.16 0.49 1.32 6 18.26 18.03 99.3 84.4 52.8 9.7 37.5
Average 82.5 51.1 10.8 38.1
SD 1.75 1.93 0.94 1.31
Olivine Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 640
Spectrum Position SiO2 FeO MnO MgO Total Fo
Ol.1 41.27 15.75 42.97 100.0 82.9
Ol.2 41.68 15.07 0 43.25 100.0 83.6
Ol.3 41.4 16.34 42.26 100.0 82.2
Ol.4 40.67 18.89 40.45 100.0 79.2
Ol.5 41.39 15.19 43.42 100.0 83.6
Ol.6 41.07 17.03 41.9 100.0 81.4
Ol.7 41.21 16.6 0 42.19 100.0 81.9
Ol.8 40.45 18.89 40.66 100.0 79.3
Ol.9 40.65 19.05 40.3 100.0 79.0
Ol.10 0.0 #DIV/0!
AVG 81.5
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 650
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.69 0.66 1.91 5.71 0 17.18 18.91 99.1 84.3 50.6 9.4 40.0
Spectrum 2 54.18 0.66 2.4 6.85 0 16.8 18.53 99.4 81.4 49.5 11.3 39.2
Spectrum 3 54.74 0.71 1.93 5.67 0 17.27 18.35 98.7 84.4 51.3 9.5 39.2
Spectrum 4 55.14 0.46 1.53 5.98 0 18.02 18.01 99.1 84.3 52.5 9.8 37.7
Spectrum 5 55.13 0.56 1.78 5.69 0 17.1 18.79 99.1 84.3 50.6 9.4 40.0
Spectrum 6 54.11 0.6 1.92 6.42 17.74 18.44 99.2 83.1 51.3 10.4 38.3
Spectrum 7 53.65 0.79 2.4 6.67 16.98 18.82 99.3 81.9 49.6 10.9 39.5
Spectrum 8 54.81 0.59 1.53 6.33 0 18.06 17.89 99.2 83.6 52.4 10.3 37.3
Spectrum 9 54.78 0.63 2 5.97 16.93 18.78 99.1 83.5 50.1 9.9 40.0
Spectrum 10 54.65 1.69 6.6 17.3 18.57 98.8 82.4 50.4 10.8 38.9
Spectrum 11 53.85 0.97 2.39 7.03 0 16.52 18.56 99.3 80.7 48.9 11.7 39.5
Spectrum 12 56.04 1.42 6.12 0 18.46 17.97 100.0 84.3 53.0 9.9 37.1
Spectrum 13 54.79 0.58 1.84 5.91 0 17.51 18.36 99.0 84.1 51.5 9.7 38.8
Spectrum 14 55.5 0.63 1.01 6.07 19.19 16.89 99.3 84.9 55.2 9.8 35.0
Spectrum 15 54.26 0.64 2.01 6.07 17.6 18.47 99.1 83.8 51.3 9.9 38.7
Average 83.4 51.2 10.2 38.6
SD 1.25 1.62 0.70 1.37
Pyroxene Data Reduction with wt% oxides
Sample: 666
Spectrum SiO2 TiO2 Al2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Total En' En Fs Wo
Spectrum 1 54.3 0.84 2.41 5.94 0 16.35 19.55 99.4 83.1 48.5 9.9 41.7
Spectrum 2 54.04 0.74 2.21 6.18 0 17.08 19.76 100.0 83.1 49.1 10.0 40.9
Spectrum 3 53.68 0.98 2.29 7.1 0 16.74 18.64 99.4 80.8 49.1 11.7 39.3
Spectrum 4 54.34 0.98 2.51 6.35 0 17.1 18.72 100.0 82.8 50.1 10.4 39.4
Spectrum 5 52.29 1.36 3.6 9.04 0 15.56 18.15 100.0 75.4 46.2 15.1 38.7
108

Spectrum 6 53.95 0.95 2.41 6.92 17.18 17.81 99.2 81.6 50.7 11.5 37.8
Spectrum 7 54.67 0.69 2.31 6.56 17.08 18.68 100.0 82.3 50.0 10.8 39.3
Spectrum 8 53.79 0.93 2.67 6.13 0 16.56 19.19 99.3 82.8 49.0 10.2 40.8
Spectrum 9 53.78 0.84 2.5 7.11 17.13 18 99.4 81.1 50.3 11.7 38.0
Spectrum 10 51.99 1.3 4.18 8.74 15.54 18.25 100.0 76.0 46.3 14.6 39.1
Spectrum 11 53.74 1.1 2.51 8.86 16.4 17.39 100.0 76.7 48.4 14.7 36.9
Spectrum 12 54.27 0.69 2.31 7.39 17.29 18.06 100.0 80.7 50.2 12.0 37.7
Spectrum 13 53.26 0.89 3.12 8.11 0.45 16.17 17.63 99.6 78.0 48.4 13.6 38.0
Spectrum 14 53.77 0.82 2.49 6.88 17.21 18.22 99.4 81.7 50.4 11.3 38.3
Spectrum 15 53.72 0.98 2.39 6.96 16.93 18.42 99.4 81.3 49.7 11.5 38.9
Average 80.5 49.1 11.9 39.0
SD 2.63 1.38 1.75 1.32
109