Handbook of Surveillance Technologies (3rd Ed) - The Real Faces of ...

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Handbook of Surveillance Technologies Regulations Governing the Use of Surveillance Devices The use of surveillance devices is governed by the U.S. Legislative Branch. Lawmakers regularly propose and amend bills that describe overall policy. Some bills are specifically focused on surveillance and some on aspects of surveillance related to national security. These bills also shape various intelligence-gathering agencies. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (S. 2845) has highly influenced the structure of the Intelligence Community and the use of surveillance devices. A full conference report (H.Rpt. 108-796) was produced to accompany IRTPA. These are broadranging documents that describe extensive changes in surveillance authority. The following portions of the Act are particularly significant, and those marked with a sword (†) make more direct references to the use of surveillance devices. Intelligence Community and Facilities Management IRTPA mandates a number of important changes in intelligence administration, including • reform of Intelligence Community management, • revision of the definition of national intelligence, • assigning responsibilities related to analytic integrity, • structural organization of a number of intelligence and counterterrorism centers, • revision of education and activities of the Intelligence Community, including military intelligence, • conformation and amendment of a number of intelligence acts, officers, and organizations, • staffing changes, transfers, and • improvement of FBI intelligence capabilities. National Security and Terror Management IRTPA further specifies screening, background checks, warning systems, and a variety of functions of Homeland Security, including the revision or implementation of • transportation security, including the use of wireless communications monitoring, watchlists for maritime surveillance, checkpoint screening, biometric surveillance (or other technologies) for passenger and baggage security in the aviation industry, † • border surveillance, including pilot programs for border security, † • prevention of terrorist access to conventional and biological weapons, † • strategies for identifying and dealing with terrorists, money laundering, and terror hoaxes, including pretrial terrorist detention, • background checks for those seeking to become private security officers, • economic policies that combat terrorism, • counterterrorist travel intelligence, † • establishment of a human smuggling and trafficking center, • Homeland Security funding and coordination, • study of a nationwide emergency notification system, and • a pilot study for digital warning systems. † 64
Chapter 1 - Introduction & Overview General Security, Surveillance, and Transborder Travel IRTPA specifically calls for use of identification procedures and technologies, including • the development of identification standards, • changes in birth certificates, driver’s licenses, and personal identification cards, and restrictions for the inclusion of social security numbers, † • increased penalties for fraud, and a study on allegedly lost or stolen passports, • biometric entry and exit systems, † • establishment of visa and passport security programs, • increased pre-inspection at foreign airports, † • enhancement of public safety communications interoperability, • conversion to digital television standards (for emergency communications), • studies on telecommunications capabilities and requirements, † and • Homeland Security geospatial information. † Civil Liberties IRTPA specifies civil rights and privacy issues, including • privacy and civil liberties administration, • protection of civil rights and liberties by the Office of the Inspector General, • a privacy officer, and • protection for human research subjects of the Department of Homeland Security. The following IRTPA issues are less directly related to the deployment of surveillance technologies, but they form part of the underlying structure for surveillance policies. International Relations IRTPA specifies a broad-based strategy to improve international relations, including • assistance to foreign nations (e.g., Afghanistan), • foreign relations and international policy, • promotion of free media and “other American values”, • public diplomacy training, • increase in foreign exchange, scholarships, and other forms of communication with Islamic nations, • coalition strategies to combat terror, including international agreements to track and curtail terrorist travel with fraudulently obtained documents, • international standards for document and watchlist names transliteration (into the Roman alphabet), and • international exchange of terrorist information. National Intelligence Administration The structure and staffing of various American intelligence agencies changes. Significant amendments to a number of acts, including the National Security Act of 1947, the Counterintelligence and Security Enhancement Act of 1994, and the Classified Information Procedures Act, 65
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Handbook of THIRD EDITION
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CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 60
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DEDICATION This book is dedicated t
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• • • Some hospitals now rout
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR The author is a te
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Handbook of Surveillance Technologi
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How Surveillance and Privacy-Relate
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Index Section Surveillance Technolo
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American Intelligence Journal 94 Am
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lack hole 669 black light 619, 640,
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chemical weapons 57 Chemical Weapon
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CODIS 849 DNA 815, 817 entomology 7
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energy 626 spectrum 295, 356, 419 e
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Franklin, Rosalind E. 832 fraud 54,
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hypothermia 70 HySub 262 I IANA 993
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keylogger 983 key pad 154 keystroke
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Middle East 21 MiG 384 migration 63
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India 209 underground 208 nuclear w
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Privacy for Consumers and Workers A
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eplication 114, 120 Repository of S
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sniffer 74, 692, 726, 779, 788 soap
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Surveillance Towed Array Sensor 253
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U.S. Office of Naval Research 218,
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wire gauge 113 wireless 107, 113, 1
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