Basic Level Pre-Course Reading

Chapter 5
Control the Situation
5.3.4 Decontamination
It is important for responders at the Basic level to understand decontamination
because it is an essential component in resolving a CBRN terrorist incident.
decontamination is a Key Response Task implemented to “control the hazard”. It
has a preventative value and contributes significantly to the successful mitigation
of the consequences of a CBRN terrorist incident when conducted properly.
While decontamination is usually conducted by responders with Intermediate
level training (a core skill of the HAZMAT component of the response), other
responders may be required to assist in the process. At a minimum, all on-scene
responders should recognize the decontamination set-up and understand its role.
The purpose of the decontamination process is to remove or neutralize
contaminants from casualties, responders, equipment, and evidence. It is a
planned, systematic, thorough, technical, and staged process for maximum
removal of contamination. The process also includes precautionary measures
intended to limit cross-contamination. The term “clean” is used to indicate that
something, which may have been contaminated, has been passed through this
process.
Decontamination requires the training, skill, and equipment associated with
Intermediate level training. It includes a requirement for agent detection, the
selection of decontaminating solutions based on agent identification, and
alternative levels of PPE. This labour intensive process requires time to set up
and staff to sustain over a long-term operation. It is a comprehensive step-bystep
process and thus is limited by the rate at which it can be conducted.
Consequently, there is limited capacity for dealing with volumes of people. This
process, however, must not be rushed to the point that the efficiency of agent
elimination is compromised.
5.3.5 Key Components of the Decontamination Process
Equipment requirements – the Decontamination process requires high levels of
personal protection, detection equipment, shelters, specific decontaminants, and
shower systems.
Location – this process is always established within the Warm Zone. There is a
clear entry point from the direction of the Hot Zone and a clear exit point toward
the Cold Zone. Early decontamination measures are often implemented at the
exit point from the Hot Zone to reduce the spread of contamination as soon as
possible.
The decontamination process is designed to reduce the threat posed by
contamination in a graduated manner. This becomes increasingly complex when
casualties require decontamination and are unconscious or otherwise nonambulatory.
CBRN First Responder Training Program
50
Basic Level Course