Basic Level Pre-Course Reading

Chapter 6
Casualty Management
6.3.2 Potential Impact of a CBRN Incident on Emergency
Responders
Many emergency responders have experienced personal, psychological or
emotional trauma during their career. Mass casualty incidents generate stress
on responders because there are never enough resources to provide optimal
care. Difficult choices are made in a chaotic, possibly hazardous pre-hospital
environment, information is scarce and the death rate may be high. Responders
work knowing they will face post-incident scrutiny by administration, colleagues,
families, coroners, lawyers, media, and the public.
During a CBRN incident, responders must face unfamiliar challenges in
situations where they have no experience. Unfamiliar and unknown factors will
create fear. Pressure to quickly resolve the situation and to deal with the fact
that mass casualties were produced intentionally adds to the psychological
challenge.
Emergency responders with discipline, training, and equipment will lead an
effective community response. Stop, think, and take a deep breath before
plunging in. “The first vital signs to control are your own.”
6.3.3 Measures to take Before a CBRN Incident
• Training and participating in response exercises are two of the best means of
reducing the stress associated with responding to CBRN incidents.
• Knowledge of CBRN agents (nature and effects) and standard response
procedures will increase the responders’ sense of competence, confidence,
and control.
• Proficiency of the equipment and the team will reduce anxiety.
• Explaining preparation and safety measures to family members will reduce
their anxiety.
6.3.4 Actions for Responders During a CBRN Response
• Know that there is medical and rescue support available if something
happens.
• Try to control reactions by breathing slowly and regularly. Concentrate on
breathing normally.
• Focus on the immediate task, while keeping alert for other danger.
• If the task or exposure is prolonged, take breaks (away from the immediate
scene if possible) and rotate tasks.
• If response is prolonged, eat well and drink plenty of water.
• Watch for signs of stress and task saturation in fellow responders. A buddy
system allows first responders to keep an eye on each other and note signs
of stress and/or contamination.
CBRN First Responder Training Program
60
Basic Level Course