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QM – MM - QM/MM<br />

Ab initio electronic structure theory:<br />

Density functional theory<br />

Classical all-atom force field<br />

ˆΗΨ = E 0<br />

Ψ<br />

E eff = E MM<br />

= E bonded<br />

+ E non−bonded<br />

Ab initio molecular dynamics:<br />

Car-Parrinello MD (CPMD)<br />

MR = −∇E 0<br />

Hybrid QM/MM<br />

Classical molecular dynamics<br />

Newton equation of motion<br />

MR = −∇E eff<br />

L CP<br />

=<br />

T<br />

<br />

I<br />

<br />

EKINC (T e )<br />

1<br />

∑<br />

2 M <br />

<br />

I<br />

R 2 I<br />

+ ∑ µ φ i<br />

φ i<br />

I<br />

i<br />

<br />

<br />

kinetic energy (nuclei + electrons/orbitals)<br />

EKS (V e )<br />

<br />

<br />

− Ψ 0<br />

Ĥ e<br />

Ψ<br />

<br />

<br />

0<br />

potential energy<br />

+ constraints <br />

<br />

orthonormality

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