Datawave - Emerson Network Power

POWER PROTECTION
Datawave ®
TECHNICAL DATA MANUAL
Magnetic
Synthesizer

TABLE OF CONTENTS
POWER CONDITIONING, DISTRIBUTION, CONTROL AND MONITORING FOR ANY COMPUTER SITE. . . . . . . . . . 1
DEPENDABLE POWER FOR COMPUTER-DEPENDENT OPERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ADVANTAGES THAT ADD UP TO COMPUTER-GRADE POWER YEAR AFTER YEAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
APPLICATIONS GUIDELINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Paralleling Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Beyond Power Conditioning: Harmonic Isolation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
STANDARD FEATURES FOR ALL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
OPTIONAL FEATURES FOR ALL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
SITE MONITORING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Power Monitor Panel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Basic Temperature Monitoring Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
SiteScan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
AVAILABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
SYSTEM SIZING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Operational Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Electrical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Heat Output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Physical and Mechanical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Service Access and Clearance Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
i

POWER CONDITIONING, DISTRIBUTION, CONTROL AND MONITORING FOR ANY
COMPUTER SITE
15-30 kVA
50-75 kVA
100-125 kVA
150-200 kVA
1

DEPENDABLE POWER FOR COMPUTER-DEPENDENT OPERATIONS
The Liebert Datawave
magnetic synthesizer
provides cost effective
power conditioning and
protection for mainframes,
minicomputers,
and other electronic
equipment requiring stable,
noise-free power.
The patented Datawave
magnetic synthesis process
is the most dependable
power conditioning
technology available.
Rugged components,
including key circuit elements
specially manufactured
by Liebert, assure
an extremely long service
life.
The Datawave power
conditioner has the
grounding and conditioning
features demanded
by today’s computer systems.
Computers, as well as a
variety of electronic
equipment in business
use today, require clean
stable power.
Typical electrical supply
specifications are:
•Voltage: ± 5%
•Frequency: ±0.5 Hz
•Sags/Swells: ± 10% of
nominal voltage
•Transients: Less than
50 volts in magnitude
(impulses from 0.5 to
800 microseconds).
Weather extremes,
storms, accidental faults,
momentary overloads,
and even normal operation
of electrical equipment
can disturb power
supplied by the utilities.
Resulting sags, swells,
transients and noise,
while sometimes not
noticeable in lighting and
other noncritical electricity
uses, can cause out-ofspec
conditions, interruption
of operations, and
loss of data.
The chart below illustrates
types of disturbances
and their
potential effect on operations.
Power
Conditions Definitions Causes
Possible
Computer Symptoms
Common mode
disturbances
Normal mode
noise
Normal mode
impulses &
ringing
transients
Impulses and EMI/RFI noise with
respect to ground superimposed on
the power conductors.
Amplitude—Millivolts to several volts
for noise; hundreds of volts for
impulses
Low level signals superimposed on
the power sinewave.
Amplitude—0.5 V to 25 V
Typically a narrow, fast-rise voltage
variation. Can be followed by a
damped oscillation decaying to
nominal in less than one cycle.
Amplitude—50 V to 6 kV
Duration—0.5 µsec to 2000 µsec
Radio transmission; Normal
computer operation; Arcing contacts;
Lightning; Poor grounding and
shielding.
Normal computer operation;
Switching power supplies; Power
line modulation equipment (i.e.,
Simplex clocks); Motor speed
controllers.
Switching loads on or off; Normal
computer operation; Utility switching;
Lightning.
Incorrect data transfer from
CPU to disk or tape;
Terminal or printer errors;
Input/output hardware
damage; Power supply
damage.
Processing errors; Incorrect
data transfer from CPU to
memory; Printer or terminal
errors.
Incorrect data on disks or
tapes; Processing errors;
Printer or terminal errors;
Hardware damage.
Sags
A low-voltage condition on one or
more phases.
RMS voltages below 80-85% of
nominal.
Duration—Greater than 1 cycle
Ground faults; Starting large loads;
Inadequate power system capacity;
Utility switching; Utility equipment
failure; Lightning.
Computer system crashes;
Hardware damage.
Swells
A high-voltage condition on one or
more phases.
Voltages above 110% of nominal.
Duration—Greater than 1 cycle
Rapid load reduction; Utility
switching.
Hardware damage.
Waveform
distortion
A deviation from a true voltage
sinewave.
Motor speed controllers; Computer
operation; Other nonlinear loads.
Communication errors;
Hardware damage.
Single-phase
outage
Loss of a phase on a polyphase
system.
Fuse failure; Ground faults;
Equipment failure; Accidents; Utility
equipment failure; Lightning; Acts of
nature.
System crashes; Hardware
damage.
Outage
A zero-volt condition lasting longer
than a half-cycle.*
Ground faults; Equipment failure;
Utility equipment failure; Lightning;
Acts of nature.
System crashes; Hardware
damage.
* This is the definition of “outage” as seen by most computers. Utility companies usually define outage as a zero-volt condition lasting longer
than five minutes.
2

ADVANTAGES THAT ADD UP TO COMPUTER-GRADE POWER YEAR AFTER YEAR
Several varieties of
technologies have been
applied to correct these
disturbances—with
varying degrees of
success. Motor generator
sets and line voltage
regulators provide
protection from some
variations, but can have
their own ability to
supply computer grade
power hampered by some
electrical problems.
Datawave offers
protection from a wider
range of power problems,
maintaining voltage
within specification and
isolating equipment from
potentially damaging
variations and
transients.
Engineered for
Inherent
Dependability
Datawave’s rugged simplicity
ensures years of
reliable operation, providing
clean, stable
power for decades.
Equally important, the
Datawave magnetic synthesizer
regulates power
without delicate electronic
controls, highpower
semiconductors,
maintenance dependent
mechanical drives or
rotating parts.
Designed for
Efficiency
Datawave’s efficiency of
93%, along with nearly
unity power factor, lowers
utility costs.
Limitless Future
Capacity
Datawave CA models,
from 30 kVA up, can be
paralleled to increase
capacity by simply wiring
them together.
Load sharing is automatic.
Each Datawave
supplies its rated amount
of power.
Built to Handle
Computer Current
Requirements
Because of Datawave’s
low output impedance,
nonlinear current
demands of modern computers
are supplied with
ease. Short-term currents
up to 200% of the
unit’s capacity can be
delivered.
Transient Protection
The rugged Datawave
design withstands high
energy transients without
passing them along
to computer equipment.
The Datawave easily
meets ANSI C62.41 and
C62.45.
Precise Voltage
Regulation
Sags and swells to ±40%
are minimized to well
within computer requirements.
Input Phase Loss and
Unbalance Protection
Shorting, opening, or
unbalance of an input
phase, which typically
causes motors to overheat
or drop off-line, has minimal
effect on Datawave
operation. The waveform
synthesis network continues
to supply 3-phase
computer grade power.
Balancing Unbalanced
Loads
Even 100% unbalanced
loading of the Datawave
does not cause a significant
change in output
voltage. Variations in output
are held to + 5%, -2%.
Load Generated Noise
Filtering
Output impedance of the
Datawave decreases with
frequency, allowing the
attenuation of load-generating
noise, and
impulses which could
otherwise affect other
devices.
Input Current
Distortion
The Datawave absorbs
harmonic currents generated
by non-linear loads.
The input current distortion
is less than 8% THD,
independent of load current
distortion.
Built-In Distribution
Depending on application
requirements, Datawave
can be supplied with a
custom distribution system,
featuring easilychangeable
flexible,
shielded, liquid-tight distribution
cables, individually
protected panelboards
and separate
branch circuit breakers.
Sag of 40% -5%
Datawave M/G Set LVR
Frequency
out of spec at 20%
Swell of 40% +5% Out of spec
Output Harmonic
Distortion
Less than 4%,
total
Less than 4%,
total
Voltage
out of spec
Voltage
out of spec
Typically 1% additive
to input distortion
Overload 150% for 20 min. 150% for 1 min. 200% for 1 min.
Power
Efficiency
Input Power
Factor
Paralleling
Capability
Full load, 93%
3/4 load, 91.5%
1/2 load, 89%
Approaches
unity
Unlimited
Full load, 87%
3/4 load, 88%
1/2 load, 85%
0.7 to 0.8
lagging
Complicated
or not possible
Full load, 96%
3/4 load, 96%
1/2 load, 96%
Reflects load
power factor
Not possible
3

OPERATIONAL DESCRIPTION
The Datawave magnetic synthesizer is an electromagnetic, 3-phase AC power regenerator. Output waveforms
are generated by combining pulses from saturating transformers.
Three areas of regeneration enable
Datawave to eliminate virtually all
power line disturbances, including
momentary interruptions from
static switching:
(1) Energy input transfer
(2) Waveform building
(3) Energy storage/output
Energy
input
transfer
Waveform
building
Energy
storage/
output
Energy Input Transfer
Input power is supplied
through nonlinear chokes
specially designed to provide
current to the transformers
independent of
widely varying input
voltage levels and waveform.
This energy transfer
technique virtually
eliminates line noise and
the effects of sags and
swells. This current powers
the waveform building
circuits.
Waveform
Building
Six interconnected saturating
transformers construct
the waveforms,
with each transformer
producing a distinct voltage
pulse. Transformer
geometry and construction
determine the amplitude
and duration of the
pulses, and interconnecting
circuitry combines
these pulses into waveforms.
Energy Storage/
Output
As integral elements of
the interconnecting circuitry
capacitors also
help control the saturating
sequence. Energy is
dynamically stored as
current in the saturated
transformers, and as
voltage in the capacitors.
This constantly alternating
energy ensures hard
saturation of the transformers,
precise pulse
regulation and a clean,
stable waveform with
less than 4 percent total
harmonic distortion.
Three-phase power is
supplied to the load
through a zig-zag transformer.
This configuration
maintains 120°
phase separation, establishes
the output-circuit
neutral, and assists
line-to-neutral voltage
regulation. The output-circuit,
including the
neutral, is totally isolated
from input power.
This unique design
results in:
•Reliable operation and
long life
•Accurate voltage regulation
•Clean waveform, independent
of input
•High subcycle surge
and safe steady-state
overload protection to
300 percent of nominal
•Line-side and load-side
noise suppression
About Saturation:
Inductors normally act as
high-impedance circuits,
supporting voltage. However,
as the inductor core
becomes saturated, current
increases and voltage
decreases. At saturation,
regardless of polarity the
inductor resembles a
short-circuit.
Current is high, and the
voltage is near zero. If
voltage across this saturated
core is reversed, it
again acts as an open circuit
until saturated in
the reversed direction,
when it again becomes a
short-circuit.
About Synthesis:
At any moment during
operation, five of the six
transformer cores are
saturated, acting as
short-circuits. The sixth
is then saturated, and
the voltage across it collapses.
The sixth then
reverses the voltage
across the next core in
the configuration, producing
an unsaturated
condition. As this core
saturates, it reverses the
voltage across still
another core. This
sequential switching of
transformer cores produces
a series of precisely
defined voltage pulses
used as output waveform
building blocks.
Transformer windings
are primary-over-secondary,
isolated with electrostatic
shields for
rejection of common-mode
noise. An
advantage of this configuration
is that any broken
circuit connection
will not cause voltage
supplied to the load to
exceed specification.
4

APPLICATIONS GUIDELINES
A Datawave power conditioning system is
available for almost any application.
Model SC Datawave
Magnetic Synthesizer
A Complete System in a Single Package:
•Full Conditioning
•Monitoring and Alarm Capabilities
•Integral Branch Circuit Distribution
•Flexible Distribution Cables
Model CA Datawave
Magnetic Synthesizer
The Key Building Block:
•The foundation for basic Datawave power
conditioning systems
A Datawave system can be configured
for practically any site.
For Existing Distribution
The Model CA can be installed to provide full
conditioning capabilities in front of an existing
distribution panelboard. It can also be used in
old or new installations where rigid conduit is
specified for distribution.
The Model CA, teamed with a separate distribution
module (i.e., Liebert Precision Power Center), solves
the distribution problem when the conditioning module
is not installed within the computer room.
Remote Distribution
•Used where the distance between distribution
and conditioning modules is 100 ft (30 m) or less.
•Voltage step-down (if required) is performed by
the conditioning module.
•Feeder between modules carries conditioned
power at the utilization voltage level (typically
120/208 volts 3-phase).
•Distribution module performs distribution monitoring
and control functions at point-of-use.
Conditioning
and
Step-down
Distribution
5

Remote Step-Down/Distribution
•Used where feeder distance between modules is
between 100 and 300 feet (30 and 92 meters). If
feeder distance between modules exceeds 300 feet
(92 meters), consult factory.
•Decreases power loss and allows use of smaller
conductors and conduits between modules.
•Voltage is not stepped down in the conditioning
module.
•Feeder between modules carries conditioned power
at primary voltage level.
•Distribution module, besides providing
distribution, monitoring, and control functions, also
performs voltage step-down and common mode
noise isolation at point-of-use.
Conditioning
Stepdown and
Distribution
For Multiple Distribution
The Remote Distribution System or the Remote
Step-Down System can be arranged so that the
Model CA Datawave feeds two or more distribution
modules. Multiple-distribution systems allow shorter
distribution cable runs in a large computer room and
separate computer facilities to be supplied from the
same conditioning system, while retaining individual
distribution, control, and monitoring.
For Multiple-Utility-Feed Systems
Where the probability that both utility feeds would
fail simultaneously is very remote, the power reliability
obtained by feeding the Datawave installations
from more than one utility feed can approach
that obtained from a UPS system.
Multiple input systems use a static transfer switch to
select the input feeder for connection to the power
conditioning system.
Utility
Feed #1
Static Switch
Utility
Feed #2
For General Distribution Systems
The Model SC Datawave can be used in new office
buildings to supply “noisefree” power circuits generally
distributed throughout the building for desktop
computers and word processors. The unbalancedload-handling
capability of the Datawave magnetic
synthesizer technology makes it ideal for conditioning
such a distribution system, since the loads are
predominantly single-phase, and cannot be closely
controlled for balance. The Datawave system also
provides step-down to eliminate the need for a
step-down transformer.
6

Paralleling Units
Parallel Datawave units
are used for redundancy or
to power loads greater than
200 kVA. Datawave magnetic
synthesizers can be
paralleled without special
paralleling circuitry, with
the resulting parallel system
performing as a single
magnetic synthesizer of the
combined capacity.
Specifications such as voltage
regulation, capacity,
efficiency, and harmonic
distortion are not affected
by paralleling.
Output switchgear
To load
distribution
Beyond Power Conditioning: Harmonic Isolation
Today, as more and more
users of electronic equipment
become concerned
about harmonics, the
Datawave Magnetic Synthesizer
is being increasingly
applied as a
harmonic isolator.
Because of its basic operation,
the Datawave
Magnetic Synthesizer
isolates its output from
its input. This capability
allows the Datawave system
to provide harmonic
isolation as well as power
conditioning. The output
voltage is regenerated,
free of any input voltage
distortion, notching or
transients.
Further, the Datawave
system is designed to be
compatible with nonlinear
loads without derating,
including singlephase,
switched-mode
power supplies.
The Datawave Magnetic
Synthesizer isolates the
power system from the
harmonic current distortion
caused by nonlinear
loads. Its input current
distortion remains less
than 8% THD even with
output load current distortions
over 110% THD.
Input voltage distortion
notching and transients
Output voltage distortion

STANDARD FEATURES FOR ALL SYSTEMS
All Liebert Datawave
systems incorporate a
number of standard features
to ensure load protection
and to simplify
maintenance.
The Datawave magnetic
synthesizer uses
heavy-duty dry type
transformers and high
reliability capacitors to
regenerate clean output
power. Power to the critical
load is regulated to
within ±5% for input
power varying from
+40% to -40% of nominal.
(Refer to Operational
Description on page 4
and Voltage
Regulation on
page 14.)
Each magnetic component
in the magnetic synthesizer
is equipped with
two temperature sensors
in the windings.
One sensor provides an
alarm if any internal
temperature exceeds
180°C, the other shuts
down the system if any
internal temperature
exceeds 200°C, even
though full class H 220°C
transformer insulation is
utilized.
A main input circuit
breaker provides either
manual control or automatic
shutdown of the
system in the event of an
overcurrent condition.
The breaker is
molded-case, rated to
provide coordination with
output protection
devices. In addition to
manual and thermal-magnetic
trip, the
input breaker can be
tripped by an electrically
actuated shunt trip
mechanism. As a standard
feature, the shunt
trip of the input circuit
breaker is activated by
the 200°C temperature
sensors, local Emergency
Power Off switch, and
Manual Restart circuit.
The local Emergency
Power Off (EPO)
switch is an illuminated
push button, easily accessible
for emergency shutdown
use, but fully
guarded to prevent accidental
operation.
Input circuit breaker
The manual restart circuit
shunt-trips the main
input breaker whenever
input power is lost. This
isolates the system from
repetitive power applications
during fault-clearing
operations by the
utility and allows an
orderly restart of the system
when normal power
returns.
The manual restart circuit
can be disabled by
the manual restart
switch. The auto position
of the switch defeats
manual restart, and
allows the conditioner to
automatically restart
when power returns.
Auto restart is useful for
unattended remote sites
where the load can automatically
restart, and in
those applications when
the manual restart function
is provided elsewhere
in the system.
The low-voltage shunt
trip circuit also allows
system shutdown by
external relays, Remote
Emergency Power Off
(REPO) switches, or
other remote devices.
A double-pole, doublethrow
(dpdt) building
interface relay is powered
by a 24 volt DC supply
from the output of the
magnetic synthesizer
Energized whenever the
Datawave system is on,
the relay drops out if the
output voltage disappears
for any reason. The
relay can be used for
remote alarming of system
shutdown, or shutdown
interface with
additional loads such as
environmental control
units.
Datawave system components
are housed in a
welded steel frame
with removable cabinet
panels to provide maximum
accessibility to the
interior For safety and
security, any panels
which provide access to
high voltage areas
require a tool for
removal.
Cabinet colors are available
to match or accent
the computer equipment
or room decor.
Temperature sensors
8

OPTIONAL FEATURES FOR ALL SYSTEMS
Individually
Protected Panelboards
One 42-pole panelboard
is provided on 15-30 kVA
Model SC units; two (for
a total of 84 poles) are
provided on 50-75 kVA
SC units; and four 30
pole panelboards for a
total of 120 poles are
provided for 100-200 kVA
SC units. Each
panelboard is protected
by a main circuit breaker
to prevent overload and
allow manual shutdown
of the entire panelboard.
Each panelboard is
enclosed for safety, and
has individual isolated
neutral and safety
ground busbars.
Output circuits are
protected by single-, two-,
or three-pole thermalmagnetic
molded-case
branch circuit breakers
sized specifically for the
load to be served.
(Standard panelboards
use plug-in breakers.)
Optional Panelboard
Types
Branch circuit
panelboards which
accept bolt-in type circuit
breakers are optional for
the Datawave system, as
are panelboards for
plug-in or bolt-in
breakers manufactured
by Square-D Corp.
Flexible Output Cables
& Terminations
A flexible output cable
system is available for SC
units. Cable conductors
are protected by a jacketed,
liquid-tight, flexible
steel conduit with a copper
shielding conductor.
Each output cable is fabricated
to any specified
length and type of termination
to match the
equipment to which it is
to be connected
Add-on cables for field
installation can also be
fabricated. Terminations
include:
•Receptacles to match
equipment plugs.
•Conduit termination
fittings with conductor
“pigtails” for hard wire
connection.
Subfeed Output Circuit
Breaker
A subfeed output circuit
breaker, powered ahead
of the output panelboards,
is available on
the Self-Contained Datawave
units to feed a
remote distribution unit,
panelboards, or other
loads.
A single subfeed breaker
(225-amp max) is available
on Model SC 50 or
75 kVA systems. Either
one (400-amp max) or
two (225-amp each max)
subfeed output breakers
are available on Model
SC 100-200 kVA systems.
Main Output Circuit
Breaker
A molded case, thermal
magnetic circuit breaker
sized for 125% of the
Datawave’s output full
load amps is provided on
all standard CA units.
The main output circuit
breaker provides a main
disconnect and overcurrent
protection for the
Datawave output power
feeder.
High-Voltage Junction
Box With Flexible
Input Cable
The high-voltage junction
box can be installed under
a raised floor system. The
junction box contains terminals
for connecting the
incoming power line and
ground conductors. A 10ft
(3m) flexible cable is furnished
for connection
between the junction box
and the Datawave main
input circuit breaker.
Low-Voltage Junction
Box with Flexible
Input Cable
The low-voltage junction
box can be installed
under a raised floor. It
contains terminals for
connection of all building
interface alarms or controls,
and all Remote
Emergency Power Off
switches. A 10ft (3m)
flexible control cable for
the system is furnished
for connection between
the junction box and the
Datawave system.
9

Reserve Input Junction
Box with Flexible
Input Cable
The reserve input highvoltage
junction box can
be installed under a
raised floor system. The
junction box contains terminals
for connecting the
reserve input power line,
neutral, and ground conductors.
A 10-foot
(3-meter) flexible cable is
furnished for connection
between the junction box
and the Datawave
reserve input circuit
breaker.
Remote Emergency
Power Off (REPO)
Switch
Secondary Class
Surge Arrester
A secondary class surge
arrester is wired to all
three phases of the input
power to shunt otherwise
damaging voltage
surges to the building
ground.
The arrester is rated for
a maximum FOW sparkover
of 3200 volts with
maximum discharge voltage
of 2.2 kV at 1500
amperes, assuming a
standard 8 x 20 microsecond
waveform.
The sure arrester provides
protection for the
Datawave against those
very high voltage surges
which can cause insulation
or wiring failures.
Bypass Transformer
The bypass transformer
is a 3-phase isolation
transformer, furnished in
a NEMA 1 (general purpose)
enclosure. The
bypass transformer is
used with the bypass
switch to provide stepdown
and/or isolation for
the bypass leg of the
Datawave system.
An optional decorative
cabinet may be provided
when desired. The cabinet
color may be selected
to match or accent the
room decor.
Floor Pedestals
In rooms without a
raised floor, the floor pedestals
provide space for
the bottom entrance of
cables (and cooling air).
The height of the floor
pedestals is customerspecified.
Standard floor pedestal
height range: adjustable
from 8.6 to 13.3 in.
(218 to 336mm).
Other available ranges
are: 6 to 8.5 in. (152 to
216mm), and 13.5 to
18 in. (343 to 457mm).
Bypass Switch
Transient Suppression
Plate
The transient suppression
plate is a one square
meter metal plate
mounted to (and bonded
to) the high-voltage junction
box. It reduces the
effects of transients on
the ground system by
providing a capacitive
coupling to building
steel.
Phase Rotation Meter
The phase rotation meter
is a handheld instrument
with clip-on leads for connecting
to the circuit
under test. Upon meter
connection and circuit
energization, the meter
shows whether the circuit
phase rotation is in
“ABC” or “BAC”
sequence.
The phase rotation meter
can be used to verify the
rotation sequence of any
three-phase circuit up to
600 volts.
Pressing the REPO push
button activates the
shunt trip mechanism of
the main input circuit
breaker, shutting down
the system.
The illuminated and fully
guarded REPO button is
mounted in a wall box.
The assembly includes
50 feet (15.2 meters) of
3-conductor cable for wiring
to the building interface
system. Additional
lengths of cable are available.
The bypass switch facilitates
system maintenance
by allowing the
magnetic synthesizer of
the Datawave system to
be taken out of the circuit,
or bypassed, with
continued system operation.
10

SITE MONITORING
Monitoring systems for
Liebert power conditioners
range from temperature
sensing to multipleparameter
monitoring
with remote display and
printout.
All units are equipped
with a guarded and
illuminated Local
Emergency Power Off
switch; provisions for
connecting Remote
Emergency Power Off
switch; selectable auto or
manual restart feature,
to allow an orderly
system restart after a
power failure; a
summary alarm contact;
and a building interface
relay.
Power Monitor
Panel
True RMS techniques
are used to provide
accurate measurements
of Datawave
operation, while the
high visibility Liquid
Crystal Display provides
clear reporting.
The, microprocessorbased
power monitoring
system continuously
monitors and sequentially
displays the following
parameters:
•Input voltages, line-toline
for each phase
•Output voltages, lineto-line
and line-toneutral
for each phase
•Output currents for
each phase, including
neutral and ground
currents
•Output voltage THD
for each phase
•Output current THD
for each phase
•K-factor and crest factor
•Output power including
kVA, kW, kW-
Hours, power factor,
percent load and output
frequency.
The monitor panel also
provides warning of outof-spec
conditions
through audible alarm
and displayed alarm
messages. All alarmed
conditions are retained
in a nonvolatile memory
until reset. Alarm
thresholds are adjustable
to meet individual
site needs.
Alarmed conditions
include:
•Output overvoltage
•Output undervoltage
•Output voltage THD
•Output overcurrent
•Neutral overcurrent
•Ground overcurrent
•Transformer overtemperature
•Frequency deviation
•Phase sequence error
•Phase loss
•Five customer-specified
alarm conditions.
For additional application
flexibility, the following
alarms can be
configured to shut down
the system:
•Output over-/undervoltage
•Phase sequence error/
phase loss
•Ground overcurrent
Through a two-conductor
communications
cable, the system can
communicate alarms
and monitored conditions
to a Liebert Site-
Scan central monitoring
system. An isolated RS-
232 ASCII communication
port is provided for
communication to other
monitoring systems.
Basic Temperature Monitoring Panel
The Transformer Overtemperature alarm indicator is a part of the 180°C transformer temperature sensing
circuit. This configuration is optional on all units.
11

SiteScan
SiteScan is an online
center for monitoring and
controlling all support
systems in a large data
processing installation.
SiteScan provides early
warning alarms and total
site management data. A
software-based system
using a microcomputer
as the central processing
center, SiteScan is
programmable, menudriven,
and upgradeable.
Four primary site management
programs are
built into SiteScan:
Alarm functions provide
instant warning of potential
problems. A seven
level selection of options
for response to each
alarm offers total flexibility
in designing a custom-tailored
alarm
system.
Control functions allow
critical setpoints and
sensitivities to be
adjusted by remote control
for dynamic, singlepoint
site management.
Password access preserves
site security.
Status functions provide
complete information on
all computer support systems,
including real-time
status of all monitored
parameters and any
alarm conditions.
History functions offer
database management
capabilities. These
functions track, store and
graphically display
crucial data and trends
for site management
activities such as
capacity analysis, growth
predictions, and energy
management.
SiteScan makes full use
of all features of its
computer-based central
processor, including
RS-232 communications
and other output ports
and unlimited expansion
via multiplexers.
For critical data
processing facilities,
the SiteScan system
offers total site
management capability
in a virtually
obsolescence-proof
configuration.
AVAILABILITY
Individually protected
panelboards
Flexible Output Cables
and Terminations
Optional Panelboard
Types
Subfeed Output
Circuit Breaker
Main Output
Circuit Breaker
High-Voltage Junction Box
With Flexible Input Cable
Low-Voltage Junction Box
With Flexible Input Cable
Reserve Input Junction Box
With Flexible Input Cable
Secondary Class Surge
Arrester
Remote Emergency Power
Off (REPO) Switch
Model SC
Model CA
15-30 kVA 50-75 kVA 100-200 kVA 15-30 kVA 50-75 kVA 100-200 kVA
Standard
(panelboard)
42 poles
Standard
(2 panelboards)
84 poles
Standard
(4 panelboards)
120 poles
Not
applicable
Optional Optional Optional Not
applicable
Optional Optional Optional Not
applicable
Not
available
Optional Optional Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not available Not available Not available Standard Standard Standard
Standard Standard Optional Optional Optional Optional
Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Optional with
Bypass Switch
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Optional with
Bypass Switch
Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional
Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional
Floor Pedestals Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional
Bypass Switch Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional
Bypass Transformer Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional
Transient Suppression
Plate
Optional with
high-voltage
junction box
Optional with
high-voltage
junction box
Optional with
high-voltage
junction box
Optional with
high-voltage
junction box
Optional with
high-voltage
junction box
Optional with
high-voltage
junction box
Power Monitor Panel Standard Standard Standard Optional Optional Optional
SiteScan Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional Optional
12

SYSTEM SIZING
A fundamental concern is the size of the conditioning system required to
meet present and future needs.
Present Requirements
Estimating the present system size can be done in a number of ways,
depending on the source of information available. Typical sources include
the computer site planning manuals, equipment nameplate data, and the
existing electrical service data. Present kVA requirements can be estimated
using any of the following:
1. Kilowatts (kW) and Power Factor (pf)
kVA
=
kW
----
pf
(If pf is not given, assume an average of 0.80.)
2. Ampere specifications for the electrical service feeding the data
processing area.
kVA
=
V
----------------
× A × 3
1000
(for 3-phase systems)
3. BTU/hr or kcal/hr specifications.
kW = ------------------
( BTU) ⁄ ( hr)
kW =
3413
kVA
=
kW
----
pf
(If pf is not given, assume an average of 0.80.)
4. Power profile of equipment. (When available, this is the most reliable
base from which to estimate present kVA loading.)
For 3-phase equipment:
kVA
A
V × A × 3
= ----------------
1000
kVA × 1000
= ----------------
V × 3
For single-phase equipment:
kVA
A
= --------
V × A
1000
=
kVA
----------------
× 1000
V
(
-----------------
kcal) ⁄ ( hr)
860
After the present kVA requirement has been determined the anticipated
growth and the special characteristics of the load must be considered.
Growth Requirements
The Datawave should be
sized anticipating growth
to protect against shortterm
obsolescence. With
the growth rates associated
with data processing
centers, their power
requirements double in a
relatively short time.
Therefore it is not unreasonable
to size the conditioner
for twice (or 200%
of) the present estimated
kVA load. Even in a minimum
growth environment,
the conditioner should be
sized for 125% of the estimated
kVA load.
Special Load
Characteristics
Whenever special load
characteristics are encountered,
factory application
engineers should be consulted
for recommended
system sizing.
System Grounding
Considerations
The grounding of any
power conditioning system
is critical to its performance.
When grounding
for system performance,
however, the first rule
must always be safety.
What good is a system that
performs, but is not safe?
The National Electrical
Code provides for a safe
electrical system. The
ground path required by
the NEC for safety should
be enhanced or improved
for a system performance,
never defeated or eliminated.
For detailed system
grounding considerations,
refer to the installation
manual.
13

PHYSICAL AND ELECTRICAL DATA
Operational Characteristics
Input Transients
No spikes, transients, or
other disturbances are
evident on any of the
three output phases
when high-energy, ringing
transients (ANSI
C62.41, Category B) are
impressed on the input
lines.
Electrical Noise
Suppression
Voltage Regulation
Type
Input voltage
(% of Nominal) Load
Output Voltage
(% of Nominal)
Normal Nominal 0% to 100% Nominal to +3%
High line/Low line +40% to -40% 0% to 100% +5% to -5%
Unbalanced input
voltage
Unbalanced
load
Nominal
(single-phase)
Nominal
0% to 60% +5.8% to -4%
100% on two phases
0% on one phase
Overload Nominal 200% -6%
+5% to -2%
Type
Normal
mode
Common
mode
Suppression
120 dB
120 dB
Short-Circuit
Capability
The sustained short-circuit
current available
from the Datawave magnetic
synthesizer is up to
+200% of full-load current
(continuously, or
until protection circuitry
is activated).
Output Voltage
Harmonic Distortion
(No-load to Full-load)
Total Harmonic Distortion—less
than 4%
NOTE: Incoming line distortion
is not additive to
output Total Harmonic
Distortion.
Efficiency (Nominal Input Voltage)
15-20 kVA 30 kVA 50-200 kVA
Full-load 89% 91% 93%
Three-quarter load 87% 89% 91.5%
Half-load 83% 86% 89%
Input Power
Factor
From half-load to fullload—0.96
lead to 0.96
lag.
NOTE: Input power factor
does not depend on
load.
Input Current
Distortion
Total Harmonic Distortion—less
than 8%
NOTE: Input current
distortion is independent
of load power factor
current distortion.
Audible Noise
15-30 kVA 55 dBA
50-75 kVA 58 dBA
100-200 kVA 63 dBA
NOTE: Average sound
level, measured at 5 feet
(1.6 meters).
14

Electrical Characteristics
Table 1 Electrical Characteristics
Main Input
Output & Reserve Input
Suggested Feeder
Suggested Feeder
Voltage kVA FLA OPD Wire Size (AWG) FLA OPD Wire Size (AWG)
15 49 60 6 42 60 6
20 65 80 4 56 70 4
30 95 125 1 83 110 2
50 155 200 000 139 175 00
208V 75 233 300 350 kcmil 208 300 350 kcmil
100 311 400 000 (2*) 277 350 500 kcmil
125 389 500 250 kcmil (2*) 347 450 0000 (2*)
150 466 600 350 kcmil (2*) 416 600 350 kcmil (2*)
200 622 800 300 kcmil (3*) 555 700 500 kcmil (2*)
15 42 60 6
20 56 70 4
30 83 100 2
50 135 175 00
240V 75 202 250 250 kcmil
100 269 350 500 kcmil
125 337 450 0000 (2*)
150 404 500 250 kcmil (2*)
200 539 700 500 kcmil (2*)
15 27 40 8 23 30 10
20 36 50 8 30 40 8
30 52 70 4 46 60 6
50 85 110 2 76 100 3
380V 75 127 175 00 114 150 0
100 170 225 0000 152 200 000
125 213 300 350 kcmil 190 250 250 kcmil
150 255 350 500 kcmil 228 300 350 kcmil
200 340 450 0000 (2*) 304 400 000 (2*)
15 25 40 8 22 30 10
20 34 50 8 29 40 8
30 50 70 4 43 60 6
50 81 110 2 72 90 3
400V 75 121 175 00 108 150 0
100 162 200 000 144 200 000
125 202 250 250 kcmil 180 225 0000
150 243 300 350 kcmil 217 300 350 kcmil
200 323 400 000 (2*) 289 400 000 (2*)
15 24 30 10 21 30 10
20 33 40 8 28 40 8
30 48 60 6 42 60 6
50 78 100 3 70 90 3
415V 75 117 150 0 104 150 0
100 156 200 000 139 175 00
125 195 250 250 kcmil 174 225 0000
150 234 300 350 kcmil 209 300 350 kcmil
200 312 400 000 (2*) 278 350 500 kcmil
15 21 30 10 18 25 10
20 28 40 8 24 30 10
30 41 50 8 36 50 8
50 67 90 3 60 80 4
480V 75 101 125 1 90 125 1
100 135 175 00 120 150 0
125 168 225 0000 150 200 000
150 202 250 250 kcmil 180 225 0000
200 269 350 500 kcmil 241 300 350 kcmil
15 17 25 10 14 20 12
20 22 30 10 19 25 10
30 33 50 8 29 40 8
50 54 70 4 48 60 6
600V 75 81 110 2 72 90 3
100 108 150 0 96 125 1
125 135 175 00 120 150 0
150 162 225 0000 144 200 000
200 216 300 350 kcmil 192 250 250 kcmil
* Number of parallel feeders
Voltage and Current Ratings
The Datawave magnetic synthesizer
has nine kVA capacities,
from 15 kVA through 200 kVA.
A range of voltage capabilities is
available for each size, in both
50 and 60 Hz. Table 1 shows
common voltages, Full Load
Ampere (FLA) values, and circuit
breaker (OPD) ratings.
(For voltage ratings not shown,
consult Factory).
NOTES:
1. FLA = Full Load Amps of Datawave
system.
OPD= Overcurrent Protection Device
inside Datawave unit.
(2*) = Two parallel feeders per NEC
300-20 and 310-4.
Wire Sizes based on NEC 1996 Table
310-16, using 75°C copper conductor.
2. Input feeder wire size listed in Table is
the minimum feeder size
recommended. Larger wire size may be
required because of voltage drop or
supply OPD.
3. Output feeder and Reserve Input feeder
size listed in Table is the minimum size
recommended. Larger wire size may be
required because of voltage drop or
harmonic neutral current (Ref. NEC
Table 310-16 Notes 8 and 10). For best
performance, Synthesizer should be
located as close to the load as practical.
4. Insulated ground conductors are
recommended to be parity sized with
power conductors for increased system
performance. Ground conductor
minimum size must be per NEC, Table
250-95. Input power feeder conduit may
be used as safety ground (customer
option). If conduit is used, adequate
electrical continuity must be maintained
at conduit connection to enclosures and
throughout conduit run.
5. Reserve input is used in bypass mode
of Datawave system (100-200 kVA).
Reserve input voltage must be same as
Datawave system output voltage.
6. The Main Output Breaker listed in the
table is typical for Model CA units only.
7. Standard Breaker Interrupting Ratings
as follows. Other ratings available upon
request.
OPD 208V 380-415V 480V 600V
Up to
250A
65KA 15KA 35KA 22KA
300-
600A
65KA 25KA 35KA 25KA
700-
800A
65KA 50KA 50KA 25KA
15

Heat Output
The Datawave magnetic
synthesizer is the most
efficient of the power
synthesizing technologies.
As the Datawave
operates, some energy is
lost in the form of heat.
Table 2 shows the heat
output of the Datawave
system for each model at
one-half, three-quarter,
and full loads (based on a
unity load power factor).
Table 2
Heat output
Size
One-half
load
Three-quarter
load
Full
load
kVA/kW BTU/hr (kW) BTU/hr (kW) BTU/hr (kW)
15 5250 (1.54) 5750 (1.68) 6350 (1.85)
20 6990 (2.05) 7650 (2.24) 8450 (2.47)
30 8350 (2.44) 9490 (2.78) 10125 (2.97)
50 10550 (3.09) 11890 (3.48) 12850 (3.76)
75 15820 (4.63) 17830 (5.23) 19270 (5.65)
100 21090 (6.18) 23780 (6.97) 25700 (7.53)
125 26360 (7.72) 29720 (8.71) 32100 (9.41)
150 31640 (9.3) 35670 (10.5) 38500 (11.3)
200 42180 (12.4) 45760 (13.9) 51400 (15.1)
Environmental characteristics are:
•Temperature, operating 0°C to +40°C
•Temperature, storage -55°C to +85°C
•Relative humidity
0% to 95% (non-condensing)
16

Physical and Mechanical Characteristics
Weights and Dimensions
The weights and dimensions of the Datawave magnetic
synthesizers are shown in Table 3.
(All weights and dimensions are those of an uncrated
unit, less cables and floor pedestals.)
Floor Loading
Data for both distributed and concentrated floor loading
of the Datawave magnetic synthesizer are shown
in Table 4. Distributed floor loading values reflect
the weight of the unit over its entire footprint area,
and is expressed in lb/ft 2 or kg/m 2 . Concentrated floor
loading values reflect the weight of the unit at each
point of support.
Table 3
Weight and dimensions
Table 4
Floor loading
Size 60 Hz 50 Hz W x D x H
kVA
15
20
30
50
75
100
125
150
Module A
150
Module B
200
Module A
200
Module B
lbs
(kg)
1200
(545)
1500
(680)
1600
(730)
2400
(1090)
2750
(1250)
3900
(1775)
4300
(1955)
2650
(1205)
3150
(1430)
3000
(1365)
3500
(1590)
lbs
(kg)
1300
(590)
1600
(730)
1700
(775)
2640
(1200)
3025
(1375)
4400
(2000)
4900
(2230)
2990
(1360)
3500
(1590)
3410
(1550)
3940
(1790)
Inches
(mm)
36x34x64
(914x863x1626)
36x34x64
(914x863x1626)
36x34x64
(914x863x1626)
44x32x68
(1118x813x1727)
44x32x68
(1118x813x1727)
66x36x76
(1676x914x1931)
66x36x76
(1676x914x1931)
52x36x76
(1321x914x1931)
52x36x76
(1321x914x1931)
52x36x76
(1321x914x1931)
52x36x76
(1321x914x1931)
Size
Distributed floor loading
(Wt. per unit area)
lb/ft 2
kVA (kg/m 2 )
15 141
(691)
20 176
(862)
30 188
(925)
50 245
(1199)
75 281
(1375)
100 236
(1159)
125 261
(1276)
150
Module A
150
Module B
200
Module A
200
Module B
Concentrated floor loading
(Wt. at each support point)
60 Hz 50 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz
204
(998)
242
(1184)
231
(1131)
269
(1317)
lb/ft 2
(kg/m 2 )
153
(748)
188
(925)
200
(983)
270
(1320)
309
(1513)
267
(1305)
297
(1456)
230
(1126)
269
(1317)
262
(1284)
303
(1483)
lbs
(kg)
300
(136)
375
(170)
400
(183)
600
(273)
688
(313)
975*
(444)*
1075*
(489)*
663*
(301)*
788*
(358)*
750*
(341)*
875*
(398)*
lbs
(kg)
325
(148)
400
(183)
425
(194)
660
(300)
756
(344)
1100*
(500)*
1225*
(558)*
748*
(340)*
875*
(398)*
853*
(388)*
985*
(448)*
* Floor stand or pedestal-equipped units only—otherwise there are
no concentrated loading points for these units.
17

Service Access and Clearance Requirements
The Datawave magnetic synthesizer is designed to require minimal servicing. Access areas and recommended
minimum clearances of each module are described below.
15-20-30 kVA Sizes
50-75 kVA Sizes
Recommended minimum
service clearances should
exist at the front and one
other side or rear as
shown.
Service clearance
extends 42 inches
(1067 mm) from the unit
in accordance with the
National Electrical Code.
Model SC units require
at least 6 inches
(143 mm) at the bottom
of the unit for cable routing.
If the unit is not
installed on a raised
floor, floor pedestals
must be provided.
(Non-raised floor
applications are not
CSA-approved.)
There should be
18 inches (457 mm)
above the unit for cooling
air exhaust.
Recommended minimum
service clearances for the
50 and 75 kVA sizes
should exist at the front
and left side. Where possible,
service clearance is
recommended at the
front and rear. Service
clearance extends 42
inches (1067 mm) from
the unit in accordance
with the National Electrical
Code.
Model SC units require
at least 6 inches
(143 mm) clearance at
the bottom of the unit for
cable exit. (NOTE: If bottom
cable exit or distribution
cables are used,
the unit must be
installed on a raised
floor, or floor pedestals
must be provided.
Non-raised floor applications
are not
CSA-approved.)
There should be
18 inches (457 mm)
above the unit for cooling
air flow.
18"
(457mm)
42"
(1067mm)
42"
(1067mm)
18"
(457mm)
42"
(1067mm)
42"
(1067mm)
(required, plus
one other side
or back)
15-20-30 kVA
6"
(152mm)
(min. for bottom
cable entrance)
42"
(1067mm)
42"
(1067mm)
(required, plus one
other side or back)
50-75 kVA
6"
(152mm)
(min. for bottom
cable entrance)
18

100-200 kVA Sizes
Recommended minimum
service clearances for the
100 to 200 kVA sizes are
as shown. Front service
clearance is required.
Model SC units require
additional service clearance
on the right side for
access to the output distribution.
Service clearance
extends 42 inches
(1067 mm) from the unit
in accordance with the
National Electrical Code.
There must be 6 inches
(143 mm) clearance at
the bottom of the unit if
bottom cable exit is
desired.
(NOTE: If bottom cable
exit or distribution cables
are used, the unit must
be installed on a raised
floor, or floor pedestals
must be provided. Nonraised
floor applications
are not
CSA-approved.)
There should be 18
inches (457 mm) above
the unit for cooling air
flow.
18"
(457mm)
42"
(1067mm)
(required for
service
access)
42"
(1067mm)
(for SC
units)
100, 125 kVA
6"
(152mm)
(min. for bottom
cable entrance)
18"
(457mm)
42"
(1067mm)
42"
(1067mm)
(for SC
units)
150, 200 kVA
6"
(152mm)
(min. for bottom
cable entrance)
19

POWER PROTECTION
Datawave ®
The Company Behind the Products
With over a million installations around the globe,
Liebert is the world leader in computer protection
systems. Since its founding in 1965, Liebert has
developed a complete range of support and
protection systems for sensitive electronics:
• Environmental systems—close-control air
conditioning from 1 to 60 tons
• Power conditioning and UPS with power
ranges from 300 VA to more than 1000 kVA
• Integrated systems that provide both
environmental and power protection in a
single, flexible package
• Monitoring and control—from systems of any
size or location, on-site or remote
• Service and support through more than 100
service centers around the world and a 24/7
Customer Response Center
While every precaution has been taken to ensure
the accuracy and completeness of this literature,
Liebert Corporation assumes no responsibility and
disclaims all liability for damages resulting from
use of this information or for any errors or
omissions.
© 2002 Liebert Corporation
All rights reserved throughout the world.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
® Liebert and the Liebert logo are registered
trademarks of Liebert Corporation. All names
referred to are trademarks or registered
trademarks of their respective owners.
TECHNICAL DATA MANUAL
Technical Support
United States
1050 Dearborn Drive
P.O. Box 29186
Columbus, OH 43229
Single-Phase UPS
800-222-5877
Outside the United States
614-841-6598
3-Phase UPS
800-543-2378
Environmental Control
800-543-2778
Italy
Via Leonardo Da Vinci 8
Zona Industriale Tognana
35028 Piove Di Sacco (PD)
+39 049 9719 111
FAX: +39 049 5841 257
Asia
23F, Allied Kajima Bldg.
138 Gloucester Road
Wanchai
Hong Kong
+852 2 572 2201
FAX: +852 2 831 0114
Web Site
www.liebert.com
SL-20184 (6/02)