TRENDS IN BIOSCIENCES 6-1, 2013 EDITION

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18 Trends in Biosciences 6 (1), 2013 Cousins, R.J., Ziegler, E.E. and Filer, L. J. 1996. Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 7th ed. Washington, DC: ILSI Press. Croxford, T.P., McCromick, N.H. and Kelleher, S.L. 2010. Moderate zinc deficiency reduces testicular Zip6 and Zip 10 abundance and impairs spermatogenesis in mice. The Journal of Nutrition, Biochemical, Molecular, and Genetic Mechanisms. 359-365. Dissanayake, D.M.A.B., Wijesinghe, P.S., Ratnasooriya, W.D. and Wimalasena, S. 2010. Relationship between seminal plasm zinc and semen quality in a subfertile population. Journal of Human Reproductive Sciences, 3(3): 124-128. Doshi, H., Oza, H., Tekani, H., Mankad, M. and Kumar. S. 2008. Zinc levels in seminal plasma and its relationship with seminal characteristics. The Journal of Obstetrics and Gyecology of India, 58(2): 152-155. Elzanaty, S., Malm, J. and Giwercman, A. 2004. 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Trends in Biosciences 6 (1): 19-22, 2013 MINI REVIEW Insectivorous Plants and Their Trapping Mechanism: A Review MURALI, S. 1 AND NARASA REDDY, G. Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru 65 e-mail: dr.mmrl@rediffmail.com 1 ABSTRACT Insectivorous and carnivorous plants are those plants that maintain their life by trapping and eating insects and other creatures and are known as ‘Hunter plants’. They are among the curiosities of nature, being specialized in their mode of acquiring nutrition. These plants are usually associated with nutrient poor soils and wetlands, where anaerobic condition exists and partial decomposition of organic matter occurs. Insectivorous plants are successful; because they supplement their photosynthetic food by trapping insect and digesting their nitrogen rich bodies. They have brilliant colours, nectarines glands, sweet secretions and other curious ways to lure their innocent victims. In India insectivorous plants are present in Kerala, Assam, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Nilgris in Tamil Nadu. The Pitcher plant, Nepenthes spp. are found in Khasie and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya. They have multipurpose uses. The sundew, Drosera indica is used in the preparation of goldbhasma and D. peltata is used for dying silk. Nepenthes along with the debris of trapped insects inside, mixed with water is capable of curing cholera. Utricularia aurea and U. reticulate are suitable for aquaria and rockeries. The insects attracted by insectivorous plants include mosquitoes, housefly, small butterflies and beetles. They digest the insects through the secretion of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric and vaerianic acids. Insectivorous plants are very sensitive to pollutants. Some of the insectivorous plants have been extinct from the natural fauna and are included in red data book. Further field level studies and research are to be developed in this area to utilize these novel plants as a component of integrated pest management. Key words Insectivorous plants, Nepenthes spp., Drosera indica, D. peltata, Utricularia aurea, U. reticulate An insectivorous plant, also called as carnivorous plant, captures prey items, such as insects, spiders, crustaceans, mites and protozoan’s, as a nitrogen source. Many insectivorous species live in freshwater bogs, where nitrogen is not present in available form, because the pH of the water is extremely acid. About 670 species of insectivorous plants are found and representing nine angiospermous families such as Bromeliaceae (Brocchinia reducta), Byblidaceae (Bylis gigantean), Cephalotacea (Cephalotus follicularis), Dioncophyllaceae (Triphyophyllum peltatum), Droseraceae (About 110 species; Dionaea, Drosera, Drosophyllum), Lentibulariaceae (Genlisea, Pinguicula, Utricularia), Nepenthace (About 70 species; Nepenthes), Sarraceniaceae (Darligtonia, Heliamphora, Sarracenia). Way back in 1875 Charles Darwin drew the attention of scientific community to the world of insects eating plants in one of his essays. The insectivorous plants often have several attractions such as brilliant colours, sweet secretions and other curious ways to lure their innocent victims. The mode of action, insect trapping mechanisms and other new aspects related to carnivorous plants are given in this topic. The potential of these plants for human welfare is also discussed below. Why do these plants hunt? Murali, S. presently pursuing Ph.D. degree in the Department o f Agricultural Entomology at UAS, GKVK, Bangalore. He was doing research on prospecting antimicro bial peptides from aculeate Hymenop tera: In vivo sc reening of antimicrobial peptides from bees and wasps. He was doing research on management of bringal shoot and fruit borer at NBAII, Bangalore. Narasa Reddy, G. Currently pursuing Ph.D. d egree in the dep artment of Agricultural Entomology at UAS, GKVK, Bangalore. He was engaged on Studies on the interrelationship b etween s oil mesofauna and nematodes in organic farming system. All plants need nitrogen and phosphorus to build proteins and nucleic acids in their cells. Most of plants get these elements from the soil, where they are released by bacteria and fungi during the break down of dead matter. However, in some habitats, the growth of these microorganisms is suppressed and the soil becomes impoverished. These conditions are found in blanket peat bogs, where the growth of the moss sphagnum produces organic acids, which kills many of the microbes that usually recycle nutrients in the soil. These plants are usually associated with rain-washed, nutrient poor soils or wet and acidic areas that are ill drained. Such wetlands are acidic due to anaerobic conditions, which cause partial decomposition of organic material into the surroundings. As a result, most microorganisms necessary
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