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his pick, kept one piece, and threw the rest away. The piece was handed to my father, who gave it back to the men, telling them to give it to Mr. Dawson... For Dr. Weiner to say in his book that the coconut story sinks into obscurity is absurd.’ Kenward and Weiner had corresponded on this matter in July 1954 (Spencer 1990b, 246–247). There is also a letter from Kenward to Oakley, dated 15 Aug 1973, confirming the coconut story but introducing some confusion about dates (Spencer 1990a, 197). Bowden 1977, 12, cites an interview he had with Mabel Kenward about the coconut story. Vere 1955, 7, also gives an account evidently based on discussions with her. Walsh 1996, 256, is rather dismissive of her testimony because of inconsistencies in these accounts. See also Smith 1931a) Kenward, M. 1955b. Red-letter days at Piltdown. Sussex County Magazine, 29 (7) July, 332–334, 336. (Mabel Kenward was the daughter of the tenant of Barkham Manor at the time of the Piltdown discoveries. Included in her recollection of events is an account of a mysterious intruder, a detailed description of whom she gave in a taped interview (Kenward 1973). The intruder has been assumed by some to have been Arthur Keith (e.g. Keith Langham in Spencer 1990a, 238, note 10). She recalls that Woodward and Dawson ‘were often joined by other scientists―notably Professor (afterwards Sir Grafton) Elliot-Smith, Professor Barclay- Smith, Dr. Gordon, and Father Teilhard de Chardin. Also, one August, a number of undergraduates came to help.’ She also recalls entertaining ‘Professor Osborne, of the New York Museum, the Abbe Breuil, and Dr. Black of Pekin Museum.’ She records several others visits to the Piltdown site by various groups in the years following the discoveries. Thus, in 1923 a society known as the Kibbo-Kift Kindred marked the discovery site with their own wooden sign which remained there until the official memorial was set up in 1938.) Kenward, M. 1973. [Taped interview of Mabel Kenward at her home in Piltdown, by K. P. Oakley in the presence of Glyn Daniel and Mrs Robin Kenward, 3 August 1973.] Piltdown Archives, Palaeontology Library, Natural History Museum; quoted in part by Spencer 1990a, 238, note 10 (concerning a tall, greysuited intruder at Barkham Manor), & 239, note 35 (the coconut story). Kermack, K. A. 1974. Ask the Piltdown Man. The Times, 9 Apr, 15. (In response to the article by Howard 1974, the correspondent, who is Reader in Vertebrate Palaeontology at the University of London, expresses disagreement with the suggestion that all of Charles Dawson’s discoveries are fabrications. ‘Dawson was the person who initiated the systematic search for Wealden mammals. He carried on this work initially alone, and later in collaboration with M. M. Teilhard de Chardin and Pelletier. He continued searching for at least 20 years. The search led to the discovery of the first Lower Cretaceous mammals known from anywhere in the world... Fifty years after Dawson had finished, my colleagues at University College―including Professor Clemens―and I took up the work again and discovered a considerable number of new specimens. Professor Clemens considers Plagiaulax dawsoni to be doubtfully mammalian. I think that he is probably right, although Dr van Valen in 1967 accepted P. dawsoni as a genuine Wealden mammal. There is no question here of “fabrication”― only a legitimate difference of opinion in the assessment of a fragmentary and difficult specimen. As far as the Wealden mammals are concerned Dawson’s reputation is quite safe.’) Kermack, K. A., Lees, P. M. & Mussett, F. 1965. Aegialodon dawsoni, a new trituberculosectorial tooth from the Lower Wealden. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 162, 535‒554, plates 55‒58. (Describes a new mammalian tooth from the Lower Wealden bone-bed at Cliff End, near Hastings. The tooth was not found by Charles Dawson, but is named in his honour because he was the first person to search deliberately for mammalian teeth in the Wealden.) King, T. M. 1983a. Teilhard and Piltdown. In: Teilhard and the unity of knowledge: the Georgetown University centennial symposium / edited by T. M. King & J. F. Salmon. Ramsey, NJ: Paulist Press, pp. 159– 169. (A response to Gould’s charge of Teilhard’s complicity in the Piltdown affair, based on a lecture by J. S. Weiner delivered at Georgetown University, 28 April 1981. A videotape of Weiner’s talk is held at the Georgetown University Library: J. S. Weiner on Teilhard and the Piltdown Man. See also comments in Introduction, pp. 1–4. Weiner, who died 14 months later, considered Dawson to be the sole culprit.) King, T. M. 1983b. Teilhard, Gould and Piltdown. America, 148 (18 June), 471‒472. King, T. M. 1994. Piltdown revisited. Teilhard Perspective, 27, 10‒12. Kirkaldy, J. F. & Bull, A. J. 1940. The geomorphology of the rivers of the southern Weald. Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association, 51 (2), 115‒150, plates 6‒10. (An examination of longitudinal profiles and superficial deposits of the rivers Cuckmere, Ouse, Adur and Rother-Arun. ‘In the Ouse valley great prominence has been given to a patch of river gravel, at 110 to 120 ft. O.D., at Barkham and Moon’s Farm, Piltdown, which has yielded the Piltdown skull. Special efforts have, therefore, been made to correlate this with other river gravels in the valley.’ After discussing the Piltdown gravel and its possible correlatives, the authors are
‘forced to conclude that the small patch of gravel at Piltdown is unique, both as regards its archaeological and its geomorphological importance.’) Klaatsch, H. 1913. Eoanthropus Dawsoni. Umschau, 17, 745–747 (with 7 figs). Kleinschmidt, O. 1922. Realgattung Homo sapiens (L.): Eine naturgeschlichtliche Monographie des Menschen. Halle, 38 pp., 8 plates. (Eoanthropus is here redefined as Homo sapiens dawsoni, pp. 7–9, 38, plates VI & VIII.) Kleinschmidt, O. 1931. Der Urmensch. 2nd ed. Leipzig, 156 pp., 16 plates. (Homo Sapiens dawsoni, pp. 43–55, etc., plates VII, VIII, XI) Koenigswald, G. H. R. von 1981. Piltdown in letters. Natural History, 90, (6), 21–25. (Defends Teilhard de Chardin against Gould’s accusation of complicity in the Piltdown affair) Krogman, W. M. 1973. Book reviews: [The Piltdown Men, by R. Millar]. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 49 (11) Nov, 1011–1016. Krogman, W. M. 1978. The planned planting of Piltdown: Who? Why? In: Human evolution: biosocial perspectives / edited by S. L. Washburn & E. R. McCown. Menlo Park: The Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Co, pp. 239‒252. (The author had studied the Piltdown jaw at the Royal College of Surgeons in 1931 and had concluded, based on the wear shown by the molar teeth, that it belonged to a chimpanzee. He had not suspected orangutan, ‘for the crenulated molar cusp pattern of the occlusal surface of the orangutan molar was not in evidence; and no wonder, for all such crenulations had been carefully removed by abrasion to give a false human wear-pattern.’ He regards the creation of Piltdown II as the forger’s gravest mistake. It was done perhaps to shore up whatever doubts Piltdown I may have raised, but it went beyond the brink of credulity. The writer, who was acquainted with Teilhard de Chardin, Keith and Elliot Smith, considers more specifically the evidence for and against the involvement of Dawson and Smith, and concludes that the case against Dawson is the stronger.) Kruszyński, R. 2012. The Piltdown Collection: an inventory. London: Natural History Museum, 8 pp. (Prepared for delegates at The Piltdown Centenary Conference, Lewes, 22 Sep 2012) Lake, R. D., Young, B. et al. 1987. Geology of the country around Lewes: memoir for 1:50 000 geological sheet 319 (England & Wales). London: Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, viii, 117 pp. (Quaternary/Older Drift Deposits, p. 78: Kirkaldy & Bull 1940 considered the gravels at Barkham, Piltdown, to be a unique deposit, but they are here equated with the Third Terrace of the River Ouse; Quaternary/River Gravels, pp. 81–83: geology of the river gravel terraces of the River Ouse valley.) Lambert, J. B. 1997. Traces of the past: unraveling the secrets of archaeology through chemistry. Reading, Mass: Perseus. (Discussion of analytical techniques used on the Piltdown remains, pp. 223–226) Lancaster, O. 1953. Pocket cartoon. Daily Express, 24 Nov. (Osbert Lancaster’s cartoon shows an elegant lady and an ape-like gentleman at a high-class gathering, with the words: “Now tell me, Lady Littlehampton, just what makes you cling to you belief in the genuineness of the Piltdown Man?” Reproduced in Spencer 1990a, 140.) Langdon, J. H. 1991. Misinterpreting Piltdown. Current Anthropology, 32, 627–631. Langdon, J. H. 1992a. Book review: [?Spencer 1990]. American Anthropologist, 94, 518-520. Langdon, J. H. 1992b. Lessons from Piltdown. Creation / Evolution, 12 (2), no. 31, 11–27. (Uses the Piltdown forgery to demonstrate both the successes and failures of the scientific method) Langdon, J. H. 1993. Self-correction in science: the case of the Piltdown hoax. In: The natural history of paradigms: science and the process of intellectual evolution / edited by J. H. Langdon & M. E. McGann. Indianapolis: University of Indianapolis Press, pp. 69–82. Langham, I. 1978. Talgai and Piltdown – the common context. Artefact, 3 (4), 181–224. Langham, I. 1979. The Piltdown hoax. Nature, 277 (18 Jan), 170. (Dismisses Halstead’s presentation of Douglas’s assertion that W. J. Sollas was involved in the ‘hoax’, and instead implicates Elliot Smith and Smith Woodward)
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Bibliography - British Geological Survey

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