Bibliography - British Geological Survey

in the ‘Purbeck Beds’, which in Woodward’s day were placed at the top of the Jurassic, but have since been
reclassified as part of the Cretaceous.)
Woodward, A. S. 1898. Outlines of vertebrate palæontology for students of zoology. Cambridge: University
Press, xxiv, 470 pp. (Devotes three pages to the Hominidæ: ‘Of the immediate ancestors of man...scarcely
anything is known from the discovery of fossil bones... The oldest known traces of a man-like skeleton seem
to be an imperfect roof of a skull, two molar teeth, and a diseased femur, from a bed of volcanic ash containing
the remains of Pliocene mammals, near Trinil, in central Java [Dubois 1894]... The oldest human skeletons
of which the geological age is determined with certainty, are two from the cavern of Spy, near Namur, in
Belgium. These were found in association with the remains of the mammoth and other Pleistocene mammals
... They are essentially human in every respect, but seem to represent a race inferior in skeletal characters to
any now existing. They are small, but powerfully built... This type is now generally known as the Neanderthal
race; the roof of a similar skull having been found associated with other fragmentary remains so long ago as
1857, in a cavern in the Neanderthal between Düsseldorf and Elberfeld, Germany. So far as can be determined
from implements, man appears to have passed through three successive grades of civilization in western Europe
before Britain became separated from the mainland. The earliest stones regarded as bearing traces of human
handiwork, occur in certain high-level or plateau gravels in the south of England, which seem to date back to
the Pliocene period before the existing valleys were excavated. These are flints merely chipped round the edge
to render them more serviceable as implements. They are described as eoliths...’)
Woodward, A. S. 1911. On some mammalian teeth from the Wealden of Hastings. Quarterly Journal of the
Geological Society, London, 67 (2), 278–281 (with discuss). (Read 22 Mar 1911. Notes that Charles Dawson
has made a determined search for further mammalian teeth in the Wealden formation of Sussex, recently
assisted by P. Teilhard de Chardin and Félix Pelletier. Three further mammalian teeth have been recovered
from the Ashdown Sands of the Fairlight Cliffs near Hastings. Two of these teeth, which were evidently found
by Dawson, seem to belong to Plagiaulax but are very imperfect and are not illustrated. The specimens have
been lodged with the Natural History Museum. The discussion which followed the reading of this paper
includes remarks from Dawson, W. Boyd Dawkins and Henry Woodward. With regard to these teeth, see
Clemens 1963.)
Woodward, A. S. 1913. Note on the Piltdown man (Eoanthropus Dawsoni). Geological Magazine, dec. 5,
10 (10), 433–434, plate XV. (Abridged from a lecture delivered to the British Association at Birmingham on
16 Sept 1913, but here with the addition of a reconstruction of the skull and mandible. See Woodward 1914a)
Woodward, A. S. 1914a. Missing links among extinct animals. Report of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, Birmingham, 1913, 783–787. (Lecture delivered 16 Sept 1913, including a reply
to Prof Arthur Keith’s disapproval of his reconstruction of the skull and mandible of Eoanthropus dawsoni,
and a report on the discovery by Father Teilhard of a canine tooth at Piltdown on 30 Aug, pp. 785–787. The
lecture was briefly reported in Nature, 1913, 92 (25 Sept), 110–111, headed ‘The Piltdown skull’.)
Woodward, A. S. 1914b. On an apparently Palæolithic engraving on bone from Sherborne (Dorset).
Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London, 70 (1), 100–103 (with discuss). (Supposedly
discovered by two boys of Sherborne School, but now believed to be a fake. Poor Woodward was once
again duped, though he was not alone, as appears from the discussion. See Stringer et al. 1995. Ironically,
this paper immediately follows the second Piltdown paper by Dawson & Woodward. See also Woodward
1926.)
Woodward, A. S. 1915a. A guide to the fossil remains of man in the Department of Geology and Palæontology
in the British Museum (Natural History). London: Trustees of the British Museum, [6], 30 pp, 4 plates.
(Piltdown man, pp. 8–23, plates I–IV).
Woodward, A. S. 1915b. The Antiquity of Man, by Prof. A. Keith [review]. Nature, 96 (23 Dec), 450‒451.
(Woodward is critical of Keith’s unquestioning acceptance of a Palaeolithic age for the Galley Hill (Kent)
and Ipswich skeletons. In his view, Keith ‘proceeds to forfeit confidence in his conclusions by the dogmatic
manner in which he accepts remains of doubtful authenticity... No geologist would do more than place such
remains in a “suspense account,” and the majority would probably ignore them altogether.’ In Keith’s extended
and rather discursive analysis of the skull and mandible of Piltdown man, Woodward feels that the experience
of a vertebrate palaeontologist is needed to supplement and modify the ordinary methods of the human
anatomist. There are some comments on Keith’s restoration of the Piltdown skull.)