Semantic Annotation for Process Models: - Department of Computer ...

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90 CHAPTER 5. GOAL ANNOTATION 5.5 Goal Annotation Procedure In goal oriented requirements engineering, goal analysis and modeling is usually a topdown procedure — decomposing high level goals down to lower level goals and operational activities. Goal annotation is a bottom-up procedure — first annotating low level sub-activities and then annotating higher level activities and finally the whole process model with goal ontology. Focusing on the activity, we describe the goal annotation procedure accompanied with the meta-model annotation and model annotation in a UML Activity diagram in Figure 5.2. Through meta-model annotation, activities are identi- Figure 5.2: Goal annotation procedure fied by the markup Activity in PSAM. In the model annotation phase, if a domain ontology is available as the activity references, the identified activities are annotated with concepts in domain ontology references via the semantic relations such as same_as, di f f erent_f rom, kind_o f , superConcept_o f , phase_o f , and compositionConcept_o f . If the domain goal ontology is available, the possible links between the activities and the goal ontology can be checked based on the relations described in section 5.3. We
5.6. SUMMARY 91 employ the annotation from the component activities to the composite activities. The contributions of the goals annotated to the low level component activities can be passed to or calculated for their upper level composite activities. In goal annotation, we modify goal annotation relations through achieves_Goal/positively_satis f ies_Goal/negatively_satis f ies_Goal in previously defined PSAM in Chapter 4. An example of goal annotation of an activity that achieves a hard goal is as follows: ... 5.6 Summary As an extension of the semantic annotation framework, a goal annotation approach has been elaborated in this chapter. The goal annotation has been designed for a goal-driven management of heterogeneous process models on the conceptual level. Since business process models as IS solutions were created for achieving the intentions of systems’ owners, a new problem to achieve similar intentions might reuse those solutions. Goal annotation helps humans and machines to locate the process knowledge by specifying the goals of process models. The approach relies on a goal ontology, which provides common semantic representations of goal concepts. A goal ontology reconciles intentional semantics represented in heterogeneous models. The purpose of the goal annotation is twofold: 1) to enrich the semantics of the objectives of processes; 2) to provide a pragmatic way to find process knowledge based on business goals. Based on a set of goal ontology design principles, we proposed a way to describe the semantics of goals for process model annotation purpose. We have also discussed relations and rules between process models and goal ontologies. The formalization of the relations can be implemented to facilitate an automatic or semi-automatic goal annotation procedure in practice. In our semantic annotation framework for process models, process models are first described by PSAM (process semantic annotation model) after meta-model annotation, and then referenced with domain ontology in model annotation. Goal annotation is therefore employed based on the domain annotated PSAM models.
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Yun Lin Semantic Annotation for Pro
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To MY BELOVED HUSBAND HAO DING AND
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ii The proposed approach has been i
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iv CONTENTS 3 State of the Art 31 3
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vi CONTENTS 7.5.2 Semantic reasonin
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viii CONTENTS H PSAM Annotation Res
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x LIST OF FIGURES 6.1 System module
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xii LIST OF FIGURES
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xiv LIST OF TABLES
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xvi PREFACE My tremendous gratitude
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Chapter 1 Introduction Business pro
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1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RESEARCH
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1.4. APPROACH AND SCOPE 7 1.4.1 Sem
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1.6. MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS 9 1.6 Majo
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Chapter 2 Problem Setting In this c
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Figure 2.1: Zachman Enterprise Arch
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2.2. MODELING BASIS 15 meta-model o
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2.3. INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND SEMANT
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2.4. SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY 23 3
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2.5. BUSINESS PROCESS MODEL 25 2.5
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2.6. PROCESS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2
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2.7. SUMMARY 29 • Creation or imp
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Chapter 3 State of the Art This cha
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3.1. PROCESS MODELING LANGUAGES 33
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3.1. PROCESS MODELING LANGUAGES 35
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Table 3.1: Modeling constructs of d
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Page 67 and 68: Representation primitives Process P
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Page 79 and 80: 3.6. SUMMARY 59 In the goal modelin
Page 81: Part II Design and Application 61
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8.5. SUMMARY 141 3. Semantic annota
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Chapter 9 Validation of Applicabili
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9.1. VALIDATION DESIGN 145 - RE3.3
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9.2. SWRL FORMULATION 147 Table 9.1
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9.2. SWRL FORMULATION 149 RE3.2 RE3
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9.3. APPLICABILITY VALIDATION IN AN
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9.4. DISCUSSION ON RESULTS OF THE V
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9.4. DISCUSSION ON RESULTS OF THE V
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Part IV Synopsis 163
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166 CHAPTER 10. CONCLUSIONS AND FUT
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Appendix A BPMN This chapter presen
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A.3. CONNECTING OBJECTS 175 Figure
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A.6. BPMN META-MODEL TREE IN METIS
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Appendix B EEML 2005 The language v
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B.2. RECOURSES MODELING DOMAIN 181
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Appendix C SCOR SCOR — Supply Cha
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C.2. LEVEL 2 TOOLKIT 185 Level 1 Me
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C.3. LEVEL 3 PROCESS ELEMENTS 187 F
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Appendix D Algorithm for Semi-Autom
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191 Algorithm 1 Goal Annotation Alg
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Algorithm 4 Goal Annotation Algorit
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195 Algorithm 6 Goal Annotation Alg
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Appendix E GUI of Pro-SEAT The prop
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199 Figure E.3: Mapping meta-model
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201 Figure E.5: Goal annotation UI
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Appendix F Analysis of the Annotati
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F.2. INTEGRATION APPLICATION BASED
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F.2. INTEGRATION APPLICATION BASED
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Appendix G Schema of PSAM and SWRL
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G.1. PSAM IN OWL 211
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G.2. RULE DEFINITIONS IN SWRL 213
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G.2. RULE DEFINITIONS IN SWRL 215
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Appendix H Annotation Results in Ex
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H.2. ANNOTATION OF PM B1 219 xmlns:
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H.3. ANNOTATION OF PM B2 221 Av
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Bibliography [1] ALTOVA. What is th
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 225 [26] Dov Dori. Why
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 227 [52] Ian Horrocks.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 [78] John Krogstie
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 231 [102] Diana Maynar
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 233 [129] OASIS Cover
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 [157] Colette Roll
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 237 [185] Systems Thin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 [214] John.A. Zach
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