Semantic Annotation for Process Models: - Department of Computer ...

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42 CHAPTER 3. STATE OF THE ART in resource ontology can represent the resources perspective. Organization ontology in TOVE includes organization-role, goal, skill, constraints, organization-membership, communication link, authority link and empowered, which covers the organizational perspective. Logic connections of process are not explicitly specified in TOVE, but the temporal axioms describe the control of the activities at the time dimension. TOVE includes the aggregation of activities by the predicate subactivity(a,a’) to present the structure perspective. 3.2.4 PSL (Process Specification Language) The PSL project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is addressing the interoperability issue by creating a neutral, standard language for process specification to serve as an interlingua to integrate multiple process related applications throughout the manufacturing life cycle [161]. PSL is a formally defined process specification language. The underlying language of PSL is KIF. The model theory of PSL provides a rigorous mathematical characterization of semantics of the terminology of PSL. The proof theory of PSL provides axioms for the interpretation of terms in the ontology. PSL-Core specifies the semantics of the primitives in the PSL ontology corresponding to the fundamental intuitions about activities. In PSL-Core, there are four basic classes: Object, Activity, Activity Occurrence, and Timepoint and four basic relations: Participates-in, Before, BeginOf, and EndOf. Extensions can be made to PSL-Core. Figure 3.5 illustrates the extended modules required to define the terminology for generic classes of activities and their ordering relations. Other extensions are made to PSL-Core, such as Resource Roles, Processor Actions, and Resource Paths. Figure 3.5: PSL modules for generic classes of activities and their ordering relations [161] PSL-Core provides basic expressivity on the operational/functional, data transaction, control, and resources perspectives. The extensions can enrich the semantics of those perspectives.
3.2. SEMANTIC INTEROPERABILITY AND PROCESS ONTOLOGIES 43 3.2.5 PIF (Process Interchange Format) PIF [85] aimed to develop an interchange format to help automatically exchange process descriptions among a wide variety of business process modeling and support systems such as workflow software, flow charting tools, process simulation systems, and process repositories. PIF is a formal process modeling language, whose syntax adopts that of KIF. The main classes and their relationships are displayed in Figure 3.6. The classes and the relationships are notated with rectangle box in the figure, and they are all the modeling constructs of PIF. Figure 3.6: The PIF classes and relationships [85] There are three core classes — Activity, Actor and Resource. Other classes related with the three classes through the relationships are attributes of them. It is obvious that PIF supports the structural perspective by the decomposition relationship of Activity. The operational/functional perspective can not be properly represented by lacking input/output specifications. Relationships among the class Resource provide the expressivity of the resources perspective. The control perspective can be represented through the classes such as Prerequisite, Cannot-be-concurrent, Successor, Decision and the relationships among them and Activity. Actor and their attributes can depict the organizational perspective. No data transaction is supported by PIF. PIF provides formally-defined declarative semantics, the expressive power to represent knowledge required for a typical application knowledge base, and a structure that enables semi-automatic translation into and out of typical representation languages. PIF also adopts the frame syntax, which is an extension of the KIF syntax for representing object-based knowledge [85]. The PIF project has been merged with the PSL project at NIST, so that the PIF has been incorporated into the PSL Core and its extensions.
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Yun Lin Semantic Annotation for Pro
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To MY BELOVED HUSBAND HAO DING AND
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ii The proposed approach has been i
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iv CONTENTS 3 State of the Art 31 3
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vi CONTENTS 7.5.2 Semantic reasonin
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Page 14 and 15: x LIST OF FIGURES 6.1 System module
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Page 20 and 21: xvi PREFACE My tremendous gratitude
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1 Introduction Business pro
Page 25 and 26: 1.2. PROBLEM STATEMENT AND RESEARCH
Page 27 and 28: 1.4. APPROACH AND SCOPE 7 1.4.1 Sem
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Page 49 and 50: 2.7. SUMMARY 29 • Creation or imp
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92 CHAPTER 5. GOAL ANNOTATION
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94 CHAPTER 6. PRO-SEAT (PROCESS SEM
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100 CHAPTER 6. PRO-SEAT (PROCESS SE
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102 CHAPTER 6. PRO-SEAT (PROCESS SE
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104 CHAPTER 7. EXEMPLAR STUDIES AND
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Chapter 8 Quality Evaluation of the
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8.2. SETTING FOR THE QUALITY EVALUA
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8.2. SETTING FOR THE QUALITY EVALUA
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8.3. QUALITY ANALYSIS 135 to those
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8.3. QUALITY ANALYSIS 137 annotatio
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8.3. QUALITY ANALYSIS 139 • G1 -
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8.5. SUMMARY 141 3. Semantic annota
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Chapter 9 Validation of Applicabili
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9.1. VALIDATION DESIGN 145 - RE3.3
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9.2. SWRL FORMULATION 147 Table 9.1
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9.2. SWRL FORMULATION 149 RE3.2 RE3
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9.3. APPLICABILITY VALIDATION IN AN
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9.4. DISCUSSION ON RESULTS OF THE V
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9.4. DISCUSSION ON RESULTS OF THE V
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Part IV Synopsis 163
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166 CHAPTER 10. CONCLUSIONS AND FUT
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Appendix A BPMN This chapter presen
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A.3. CONNECTING OBJECTS 175 Figure
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A.6. BPMN META-MODEL TREE IN METIS
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Appendix B EEML 2005 The language v
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B.2. RECOURSES MODELING DOMAIN 181
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Appendix C SCOR SCOR — Supply Cha
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C.2. LEVEL 2 TOOLKIT 185 Level 1 Me
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C.3. LEVEL 3 PROCESS ELEMENTS 187 F
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Appendix D Algorithm for Semi-Autom
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191 Algorithm 1 Goal Annotation Alg
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Algorithm 4 Goal Annotation Algorit
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195 Algorithm 6 Goal Annotation Alg
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Appendix E GUI of Pro-SEAT The prop
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199 Figure E.3: Mapping meta-model
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201 Figure E.5: Goal annotation UI
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Appendix F Analysis of the Annotati
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F.2. INTEGRATION APPLICATION BASED
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F.2. INTEGRATION APPLICATION BASED
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Appendix G Schema of PSAM and SWRL
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G.1. PSAM IN OWL 211
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G.2. RULE DEFINITIONS IN SWRL 213
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G.2. RULE DEFINITIONS IN SWRL 215
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Appendix H Annotation Results in Ex
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H.2. ANNOTATION OF PM B1 219 xmlns:
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H.3. ANNOTATION OF PM B2 221 Av
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Bibliography [1] ALTOVA. What is th
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 225 [26] Dov Dori. Why
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 227 [52] Ian Horrocks.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 229 [78] John Krogstie
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 231 [102] Diana Maynar
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 233 [129] OASIS Cover
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 235 [157] Colette Roll
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 237 [185] Systems Thin
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BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 [214] John.A. Zach
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