International Joint Commission

TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND PHOTOGRAPHS
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Anticipation of Issues
1.2 Assessment of Priorities
1.3 Adaptations for Implementation
2. STATE OF THE GREAT LAKES BASIN ECOSYSTEM FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction
2.2 State of the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem Framework
2.2.1 What is Meant by a Systematic, Comprehensive
Ecosystem Approach
2.2.2 State of the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem Reporting
2.3 Creating a Code of Ethics for the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem
2.3.1 A Method for Developing an Ethics Code for the Ecosystem
2.3.2 The Form of the Ethics Code
2.3.3 Conclusion
3. HUMAN AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH
3.1 Broader Aspects of Ecosystem Health
3.1.1 Bald Eagles
3.1.2 Double-Crested Cormorant Roundtable
3.1.3 Lake Trout Roundtable
3.1.4 Mink and Otter Roundtable
3.1.5 Liver Tumors in Brown Bullheads and White Suckers
3.1.6 Beluga Whales in the Gulf of St. Lawrence
3.1.7 Embryonic Feminization Leading to Abnormal Sexual
Development
3.1.8 Biological Markers
3.2 Human Health
3.2.1 Preamble: How Do We Define Health and Threats to Health?
3.2.2 Innovative Approaches for Evaluationg Human Health in the
Great Lakes Basin, Using Wildlife Toxicology and Ecology
3.2.3 Weight of Evidence: Studies on Laboratory Animals and
Observations in Humans Acutely Exposed to PCBs
3.2.3.1 Laboratory Animal Studies
3.2.3.2 PCB Poisoning in Taiwan and Japan
3.2.4 Humans are Contaminated by Persistent Toxic Chemicals
3.2.5 Neurotoxicity in Children
3.2.6 Persistent Toxic Chemicals in Human Milk:
An Indicator of Contamination
3.2.7 Recommendations
4. REMEDIAL ACTION PLANS
4.1 Remedial Action Plans:
An Old Problem in Need of a Strategic Approach
4.1.1 The Ecosystem Approach
4.1.2 Summary and Recommendations
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