CAR 21 Implementation Workshop

CAR 21 

Certification of Aircraft and Related 

Products, Parts and Appliances, and of 

Design and Production Organizations 

Industry Familiarization Session 

Zahid Munawar 

Manager Engineering Safety


Breakdown of Presentation 

• Introduction 

• Need for CAR 21 

• What is CAR 21 

• Existing Provisions & Industry Guidelines 

• CAR 21 Implementation Milestones 

• Related Standards / Material 

• Discussion on CAR 21 

• FAQ 

• Questions / Answer Session 

2

Introduction 

3


Need for CAR 21 

• GCAA vision of a leading regulator 

• No regulatory provisions for certifying activities like TC, 

TCV, STC, DOA, POA & UAE TSOA etc 

• Introduction of regulations inline with ICAO standards 

• Industry demand - development of aviation sector 

• International agreements & acceptance 

4


What is CAR 21? 

– Umbrella Regulations 

– Inline with EASA Part 21 

– Subparts A – Q, Contains requirements, rights and obligations for 

applicants and holders of certificates for certification of parts, 

products and design & manufacturing organisation 

– CAR 21 Appendices - Contains mandatory templates for certain 

certificates / forms 

– Ownership of CAR 21 

• Department of airworthiness (Engineering team) 

5


Existing Provisions & Industry Guidelines 

• TCV 

– IB 06/2006 

• Modification / Repair approval 

– Part V & CAR OPS 1/3 

– IB 02/2010 

• DOA 

– CAR 145 – Appendix V 

• AD 

– Provisions for acceptance only 

• C of A, Flight Permit, Noise Certificate 

– Part V 

• No Provisions for many activates covered by CAR 21 

– No provisions for issuing AD 

– POA 

6


Implementation Milestones 

• CAR 21 

– NPA - 2009 

– Published in Oct 2010 

• Entered into force – 01 Jun 2011 

• Effective – 01 Jun 2012 

• Status during grace period 

– Option between existing provisions and CAR 21 

– GCAA will encourage to comply with CAR 21 

– Working on procedures for implementation 

• CAR 21, CAR 21 AMC & GM, forms and industry guidance 

material available at www.gcaa.ae 

7


Related Standards/Materials 

• Airworthiness Codes 

– CAR 21.16A 

– accepts airworthiness codes issued by EASA 

– Any other airworthiness code conforming to Annex 8 

• US FAR 

• Transport Canada CARs 

• AMC and GM to CAR 21 

• Advisory Material - EASA 

• GCAA Publications 

– Airworthiness Notices 

– IB Fees & Charges 

• Forms 

– Appendices to CAR 21 

– Other Forms 

8

Discussion on CAR 21 

9


Subparts 

Subpart A 

Subpart B 

Subpart B1 

Subpart D 

Subpart E 

Subpart F 

Subpart G 

Subpart H 

Subpart I 

Subpart J 

General Provisions 

Type Certificates and Restricted Type Certificates 

Type Acceptance Certificate 

Changes to Type Certificates and Restricted Type 

Certificates 

Supplemental Type Certificates 

Production Without Production Organisation Approval 

Production Organisation Approval 

Certificates of Airworthiness and Restricted Certificates of Airworthiness 

Noise Certificates 

Design Organisation Approval 

10


Subparts 

Subpart K 

Subpart M 

Subpart O 

Subpart P 

Subpart Q 

Appendices 

Parts and Appliances 

Repairs 

UAE Technical Standard order Authorisations 

Permit to Fly 

Identification of Products, Parts and Appliances 

Contains Mandatory Templates for Certain Certificates 

/ Forms 

11

CAR 21 Subpart A 

General Provisions 

General provisions governing the rights and obligations of 

the applicant for, and holder of, any certificate issued or to 

be issued in accordance with CAR 21 

• CAR 21.3 Failures, Malfunctions and Defects 

• CAR 21.3B Airworthiness Directives 

• CAR 21.4 Coordination Between Design and Production 

12

CAR 21 Subpart B1 


13

Subpart B1 


• Type acceptance is required for issue of UAE C of A or 

restricted C of A 

• Applicability 

Applicability & Fees 

– Type Acceptance certification requirements apply to an aircraft model 

imported to the United Arab Emirates on or after 01 January 2006 

• GCAA Fees and Charges 

– AED 400,000.00 – MTOW >5700 kg & >19 Passengers 

– AED 200,000.00 – MTOW >5700 kg & 5700 kg Cargo Category 

14

Subpart B1 


Requirements & Validity 

• Airworthiness Requirements 

– Certification basis including special conditions, ELOSF, exemptions 

– Import requirements – bilingual placards 

• Data Requirements 

– Compliance reports 

– Continued airworthiness data 

– Operation manuals 

• Duration and Continued Validity 

– Unlimited 

– May be revoked or suspended 

15

Subpart B1 


General Information 

• List of Validated Models (32 models) 

– Engineering team 

– GCAA website 

• Validation Timeframe 

– Depends on cooperation of manufacturer 

– Approximately six months 

16


Airworthiness and Environmental 

Protection Certification of Products 

17

Airworthiness and Environmental 

Protection Certification of Products 

Subparts 

• Subpart B - Type certificates and restricted type 

certificates 

• Subpart D - Changes to type certificate and 

restricted type certificates 

• Subpart E - Supplemental type certificates 

• Subpart M - Repairs 

18

Subpart D - Changes to Type Certificate 

and Restricted Type Certificate 

Classification of Changes 

– CAR 21.91 – Classification of changes to type design 

– Minor, when it has no appreciable effect on: 

• Mass, balance, structural strength, reliability, operational 

characteristics, noise, fuel venting, exhaust emission or 

other characteristics affecting the airworthiness of the 

product 

– Major, any other changes 

19



Who can Apply for Changes 

– Major Changes: 

• TC Holder 

• STC – Any Person 

– Minor Changes 

• TC holder 

• Any Person 

20



Approval of Changes 

• Approval of Changes: 

– Major: 

• GCAA 

– Minor: 

• GCAA 

• Appropriately approved design organisation 

21



Application for Change 

• The applicant for a change (minor & major) has to: 

– Apply on the GCAA prescribed form 

– Provide description of the change 

– Provide applicable certification basis 

– Identification necessary re-investigations for compliance 

– show compliance with the applicable certification basis 

– Declare and provide the GCAA with the basis on which the 

declaration of compliance is made 

• If the applicant holds a DOA, this declaration shall be made 

according with CAR 21 Subpart J 

22



Approval of Change 

• The minor change is approved when the applicant: 

– Has submitted the declaration of compliance 

– Has shown compliance with certification basis 

• The major change is approved when the applicant: 


– Has shown: 

• Compliance with certification basis 

• Any airworthiness provisions not complied with are compensated 

by factors providing an equivalent level of safety; and 

• No feature or characteristic makes the product unsafe for the uses 

for which certification is requested 

23



Obligation of Change Holder 

• Obligations of the holder of a change to TC: 

• 21.4 (coordination with production) 

• 21.105 (record keeping) 

• 21.107 (instructions for continued airworthiness) 

• The holder shall specify the marking as per CAR 21 

Subpart Q 

24

Subpart E 

Supplemental Type Certificate 

Application 

• Apply on the GCAA prescribed form 

• Eligibility of the applicant: Demonstration of capability 

– Use alternative procedures (criteria in GM to 21.112B) 

– By holding a design organisation approval 

• Content of the application (refer to 21.93 for changes): 

– Description of the change 

– Identification of any necessary re-investigations 

– Justification that the information on which those 

descriptions and identifications are based is adequate 

and based either: 

• From the applicant’s own resources; or 

• Through an arrangement with the TC holder 

25

Subpart E 


Declaration of Compliance 

• The applicant shall declare that compliance has 

been shown with all applicable type 

certification basis and environmental 

protection requirements (refer to 21.97) 

• If the applicant holds a DOA, this declaration 

shall be made according with CAR 21 Subpart J 

26

Subpart E 


Approval of STC 

• Supplemental Type Certificate is issued when the 

applicant: 


– Has shown that: 

• The changed product meets the certification basis 

• Any airworthiness provisions not complied with are 

compensated by factors providing an equivalent level of 

safety; and 

• No feature or characteristic makes the product unsafe for the 

uses for which certification is requested 

27

Subpart E 


Approval of STC (cont…) 

– Has demonstrated its capability 

– Where the applicant has entered into an 

arrangement with the TC holder: 

• The TC holder has advised that it has no technical 

objection to the information submitted (under the 

application); and 

• The TC holder has agreed to collaborate with the STC 

holder to ensure discharge of all obligations for 

continued airworthiness of the changed product 

28

Subpart E 


Obligations 

• Undertake the obligations in: 

– 21.3 (report and investigation of occurrences) 

– 21.3B (cooperation with the GCAA on ADs) 

– 21.4 (coordination with production) 

– 21.105 (record keeping) 

– 21.119 (produce, update and provision of manuals required 

by airworthiness design standards) 

– 21.120 (instructions for continued airworthiness; production, 

update and availability, program for distribution of changes) 

– Marking as per CAR 21 Subpart Q 

29

Subpart E 


Post – STC Activities 

• Changes to an STC: 

– Major Changes 

• Applied for by the STC holder: change to the STC 

• Applied for by a person other than the STC holder: 

new STC 

– Minor Changes 

• Classified and approved according with subpart D 

30

Subpart M Repairs 

Repair Definition 

• “Repair” in CAR 21 means: 

– Elimination of damage and/or restoration to an 

airworthy condition of any product, part or 

appliance 

• Elimination of damage by replacement of parts or 

appliances without need of design activity is a 

maintenance activity and does not require approval 

under CAR 21 

• The repairs of UAE TSO articles are dealt with under 

Subpart O 

31


Application & Demonstration of Capability 

– Application for repairs on GCAA prescribed form 

– Who can apply for repairs 

• Major repairs - Any person who has demonstrated 

capability or is in process of demonstrating capability 

• Minor repairs - Any person 

– Demonstration of Capability 

• For major repairs: 

– By holding a Design Organisation Approval, or; 

– Use alternative procedures 

32


Classification of Repairs 

– Classification is same as Application for change 

• CAR 21.91 – Classification of changes to type design 

• Minor, when it has no appreciable effect on: 

– Mass, balance, structural strength, reliability, operational 

characteristics, noise, fuel venting, exhaust emission or other 

characteristics affecting the airworthiness of the product 

• Major, any other repair then above 

– Who can classify a repair 

• GCAA 

• Appropriately approved design organisation as per their 

procedure 

33


Applicant Responsibities 

• An applicant for the approval of repair shall: 

– Has declared the compliance 


• The repair design meets with the applicable airworthiness 

design standards and environmental protection 

requirements, as specified in 21.433(a)(1) 

– Submit necessary substantiation when requested 

– Where applicable show coordination with TC holder 

– For major repairs, the applicant has demonstrated its 

capability 

34


Issue of Approval 

• The repair is approved when the applicant: 

– Has declared the compliance 


• The repair design meets with the applicable airworthiness 

design standards and environmental protection 

requirements, as specified in 21.433(a)(1) 

– For major repairs, the applicant has demonstrated its 

capability 

35


Production of Repair Parts 

• CAR 21 Subpart F 

• CAR 21 Subpart G 

• Appropriately approved maintenance 

organisation 

36


Repair Embodiment 

• Maintenance Organisation 

• Production organisation under CAR 21 Subpart G 

• Design organisation will transmit all the required 

information for production 

37


Limitations 

– A repair may be approved with limitations. If this 

is the case, the approval shall include the 

limitations and all necessary instructions 

– These limitations and instructions shall be 

transmitted by the repair approval holder to the 

operator (procedure to be agreed with the GCAA) 

38


Unrepaired Damage 

• When the damage is left unrepaired 

– The evaluation of the damage for its airworthiness 

consequences shall be made: 

• By the GCAA 

• By an appropriately approved design organisation (DOA) 

– Limitations may be necessary. They shall be processed as 

the limitations for the repair approvals 

– When the damage is neither evaluated by the GCAA or the 

TC or STC holder, the justification of the adequacy of the 

information shall be made: 

• Through the applicant’s own resources; or 

• Through an arrangement with the TC holder 

39


Obligations 

• The holder of major repair shall undertake the 

obligations: 

– 21.3 (report and investigation of occurrences) 

– 21.3B (cooperation with the GCAA on ADs) 


– 21.439 (production of repair parts) 

– 21.441 (repair embodiment) 

40


Obligations (Cont…) 

– 21.443 (limitations) 


– 21.449 (instructions for continued airworthiness; production, update and 

availability, program for distribution of changes) 

– If an arrangement with the TC/STC holder exists, the collaboration 

implicit in it 

• The holder shall specify the marking, including UAE PA 

41


Obligations (cont…) 

• Obligations of the minor repair approval holder: 



– 21.449 (instructions for continued airworthiness; 

production, update and availability, program for 

distribution of changes) 

• The holder shall specify the marking, including 

UAE PA 

42

CAR 21 Subpart J 


43

Subpart J 


Overview 

• DOA is needed to be eligible for applications for: 

– Type Certificate and Restricted Type Certificate in some 

cases (list of excluded products under 21.14B) 

– Supplemental Type Certificates in some cases (criteria in 

GM to 21.112B) 

– Major repairs 

– UAE TSO authorisation for APU 

• DOA may be applied on a voluntary basis for: 

– Minor changes 

– Minor repairs 

44

Subpart J 


Application 

• Applications on the GCAA prescribed Form 

• Content of the application: 

– An outline of the information required by 

21.243 (Data): 

• Handbook describing the organisation and 

procedures 

• Subcontractors 

• Qualifications and experience of the management 

staff and other responsible persons 

– Terms of approval requested 

45

Subpart J 


Requirements 

• The organisation has to demonstrate: 

– A Design Assurance System 

– Staff in all technical departments: 

• are of sufficient numbers and experience 

• have been given authority to discharge their allocated responsibilities 

– The accommodation, facilities and equipment are adequate to enable the 

staff to achieve the airworthiness, noise, fuel venting and emissions 

objectives of the product 

– There is full and efficient coordination between departments and within 

departments in respect to airworthiness and environmental protection 

matters 

46

Subpart J 


Terms of Approval 

– Identify: 

• The types of design work, categories of products, 

parts and appliances for which the organisation holds 

an approval 

• The functions and duties that the organisation is 

approved to perform 

– For DOA covering TC or UAE TSO for APU, in 

addition, the list of products or APU 

– The terms of approval are issued as part of the 

design organisation approval 

47

Subpart J 


Privileges 

– To perform design activities under CAR 21 

Subpart J and within its scope of approval 

– Subject to investigations the compliance 

documents for the following are accepted 

without verification: 

• TC or approval of major change to a type design 

• Supplemental type certificate 

• UAE TSOA for APU 

• Major repair approval 

48

Subpart J 


Privileges (cont…) 

– The DOA holder is entitled (within its terms of approval): 

• To classify changes and repairs as “major” and “minor” 

• To approve [its own] minor changes and minor repairs 

• To issue information and instruction containing the statement “The 

technical content of this document is approved under the authority 

of DOA nr.*EASA+.j.*xyz+” 

• To approve documentary changes to the AFM, and issue these 

changes containing the statement “Revision nr.xx to AFM ref.yyy is 

approved under the authority of DOA nr.*EASA+.j.*xyz+” 

• To approve the design of major repairs to products for which it holds 

the RTC or TC 

• To issue a permit to fly and to approve the associated flight 

conditions 

49

Subpart J 


Obligations 

– Design Organisation Approval holder shall: 

• Ensure that handbook is maintained and is used as a 

basic document within the organisation 

• Determine that the design of products, changes or 

repairs comply with the applicable requirements and 

have no unsafe feature 

• Except for the minor changes and repairs, provide to the 

GCAA statements and associated documentation 

confirming above compliance 

• Provide to the GCAA information or instructions related 

to required actions under 21.3B - Airworthiness Directive 

50

Subpart J 


Conditions of Validity 

• Duration: Unlimited 

• Conditions for validity: 

– The holder remains in compliance with CAR 21 Subpart J 

– The GCAA is not prevented by the holder, its partners or 

subcontractors to perform investigations 

– There is no evidence that the design assurance system 

cannot maintain satisfactory control and supervision of the 

design of products or changes thereof under the approval 

– The certificate is not surrendered or revoked (under GCAA 

policy & procedures) 

Note: Upon surrender or revocation, the certificate shall be returned to the GCAA 

51

Subpart J 


– DOA shall: 

Investigation 

• Make arrangements to allow the GCAA to make any 

investigations, including those of partners and 

subcontractors, necessary to determine compliance 

and continued compliance with CAR 21 Subpart J 

• Allow the GCAA to review any report and make any 

inspection and perform or witness any flight test 

necessary to check the validity of the compliance 

statements submitted by the applicant 

52

Subpart J 


Investigation 

• Findings: 

– Non-compliance to the requirements of CAR 21 Subpart J and must 

be: 

• found by objective evidence 

• classified as level1 or level 2 findings 

– Classification: 

• Level 1 finding is any non-compliance which could lead to uncontrolled 

non-compliances with applicable requirements and which could affect the 

safety of the aircraft 

• Level 2 finding is any non-compliance which is not classified as level one 

– Level 3 finding is any item where it has been identified, by objective 

evidence, to contain potential problems that could lead to level 1 or 

level 2 findings 

53

Subpart J 


Investigation 

• Corrective actions: 

– After notification of the finding the DOA holder: 

• Level 1 finding corrective action to the satisfaction of 

the GAA within a period of no more than 21 days 

• Level 2 findings corrective action to the satisfaction 

of the GCAA within a period of no more than 6 

months. 

– In certain circumstances this period may be extended, 

provided an action plan is agreed with the GCAA 

• A level 3 finding does not require immediate action 

by the DOA holder 

54


Demonstration of Capability for Production 

POA – Subpart G 

Production without POA– Subpart F 

55

Demonstration of Capability 

for Production 

Types of Production Approval 

• CAR 21 Subpart G Approval - Series production 

• CAR 21 Subpart F 

• Limited number of items 

• During POA investigation 

• CAR 145 - Limited fabrication is permissible

Subpart G 

Production Organisation Approval 

Privileges 

• Issue GCAA Form 52 statement of conformity for aircraft 

to obtain an aircraft certificate of airworthiness and a 

noise certificate 

• In case of other products, parts or appliances issue 

authorised release certificates (AW Form 1) 

• Maintain an new aircraft it has produced and issue a 

certificate of release to service (GCAA Form 53) in 

respect of this maintenance 

• To issue a permit to fly and associated flight condition 

document 

57

Subpart K 

Parts and Appliances 

This Subpart establishes the procedure relating to the 

approval of parts and appliances 

Definition Parts and Appliances: 

shall mean any instrument, equipment, mechanism, part, apparatus, 

appurtenance or accessory, including communications equipment, that 

is used or intended to be used in operating or controlling an aircraft in 

flight and is installed in or attached to the aircraft. It includes parts of 

an airframe, engine or propeller 

58

Subpart Q - Identification of 

Products, Parts & Appliances 

Provides details in which products, parts and 

appliance are identified 

59


Certificates to Individual Aircraft 

60

Certificates to Individual Aircraft 

Related Subparts 

• Subpart H - Certificate of Airworthiness and 

Restricted Certificate of Airworthiness 

• Subpart I - Noise Certificate 

• Subpart P - Permits to Fly 

61


Frequently Asked Questions 

• What stage should I involve the GCAA? 

• Where I can find list of the following: 

– Type accepted models 

– Approved design organisations 

– Approved manufacturing organisations 

• How should I get a query answered by the GCAA: 

– Contact person dealing with the case 

– Send an email to airworthiness@gcaa.ae 

– Contact Zahid Munawar – Manager Engineering 

Safety – email: zmunawar@gcaa.ae 

62

Questions? 

63

CAR 21 Implementation Workshop

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