Focus Species Forestry - Maine Audubon

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Chestnut-sided Warbler Distribution: Alberta to New Brunswick, south along the Appalachians to Georgia Maine Focus Region: Statewide. Territory: 1-3 acres Food: Insectivorous; prefers caterpillars and fly larvae Special Habitat Needs: Dense early successional hardwoods up to 10 ft. tall with less than 35% overstory canopy closure. Prefers forest patches in excess of 250 acres. Management: Use group selection to create patches averaging 1 acre in size, or shelterwood or clearcut harvests, to create nesting habitat for chestnut-sided warblers. Balance early successional habitat with requirements of matureforest species at the property or landscape level. See landscape management guidelines (Section 8). Comments: Males defend their territory by singing from tall saplings and residual overstory trees while the female incubates 4-5 eggs in the brush below. John James Audubon considered this one of the rarest birds in the east during the early 1800s, but timber harvesting and regrowth of farmland have made it a relatively common species. Management for the chestnut-sided warbler will benefit other species that use early successional hardwoods, such as moose, woodcock, white-tailed deer, nighthawk, willow flycatcher, eastern bluebird, Tennessee warbler, and mourning warbler. The chestnut-sided warbler’s loud “pleased pleased pleased to meet-ya” may be confused with the magnolia warbler during the spring and early summer breeding season when the two species may be found together in mixed hardwood-conifer stands. Habitat Use: Aspen-Birch Forest Ecosystems Northern Hardwoods Oak-Pine Hemlock Spruce-Fir N. White Cedar R S I M R S I M L R S I M L I M L R S I M L I M L Special-value Habitats Riparian/ Wetland Vernal Forest Pool R Regeneration and seedlings Mx Mixed conifer-deciduous Focus habitat S Saplings and small poles U Understory present Other habitat I Intermediate-aged forest C Cavity tree or snag Little/no use M Mature forest L Late-successional forest References: Boone and Krohn 1998, DeGraaf and Yamasaki 2001, Hagan et al. 1997, King 2003, Sauer et al. 2003, Sibley 2000, Terres 1991 48 Focus Species Forestry
Magnolia Warbler Distribution: British Columbia to Newfoundland, south to northern Minnesota, northern New England, and locally in suitable habitat down the southern Appalachian ridge Maine Focus Region: Statewide Territory: 2-3 acres Food: Gleans bark of conifers for insect larvae and adults Special Habitat Needs: Spruce-fir or less frequently hemlockhardwood forests with well-developed understory and less than 70% canopy cover; most abundant in early successional stands Management: Adaptable to a range of management techniques that create an open or partial canopy (less than 50-70% canopy cover), including selection, shelterwood, or clearcutting (see spruce-fir or northern hardwood management guide for mixed hemlock-hardwoods). Comments: Other species that may be found in young spruce-fir along with the magnolia warbler include snowshoe hare, Canada lynx, moose (when hardwood browse is present), yellow-bellied flycatcher, and purple finch. Both the male and female have a distinctive yellow rump, throat, and streaked breast. Magnolia warblers are often seen feeding in understory conifers. The magnolia warbler’s song “weeta-weeta-witchu” is sometimes confused with that of the chestnut-sided warbler during the spring and summer breeding seasons. Winters in Central America and the West Indies. Habitat Use: Forest Ecosystems Aspen-Birch Northern Hardwoods Oak-Pine Hemlock Spruce-Fir N. White Cedar R S I M R S I M L R S I M L I M L R S I M L I M L Mx Mx Mx Mx Mx U U U U U U Special-value Habitats Riparian/ Wetland Vernal Forest Pool R Regeneration and seedlings Mx Mixed conifer-deciduous Focus habitat S Saplings and small poles U Understory present Other habitat I Intermediate-aged forest C Cavity tree or snag Little/no use M Mature forest L Late-successional forest References: Boone and Krohn 1998, DeGraaf and Yamasaki 2001, Hagan et al. 1997, Sauer et al. 2003, Sibley 2000, Terres 1991 Focus Species Forestry 49
Page 1 and 2:
Focus Species Forestry A Guide to I
Page 3 and 4: Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements The Focus Species
Page 7 and 8: 1. Introduction It’s a crisp wint
Page 9 and 10: 2. Characteristics of Focus Species
Page 11 and 12: Focus Species and Human Values Whil
Page 13 and 14: 3. Step by Step Guide to Focus Spec
Page 15 and 16: For riparian and wetland areas and
Page 17 and 18: Habitat Monitoring Habitat is the m
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Forest Ecosystem Types and
Page 21 and 22: Table 2. Stand Development Stages S
Page 23 and 24: 5. Habitat Management Guides The fo
Page 25 and 26: Aspen-Birch _______________________
Page 27 and 28: Northern Hardwoods ________________
Page 29 and 30: Oak-Pine __________________________
Page 31 and 32: Eastern Hemlock ___________________
Page 33 and 34: Spruce-Fir ________________________
Page 35 and 36: Northern White Cedar ______________
Page 37 and 38: Riparian and Wetland Forest _______
Page 39 and 40: Vernal Pools ______________________
Page 41 and 42: 6. Focus Species Profiles and Manag
Page 43 and 44: Snowshoe Hare Distribution: Alaska
Page 45 and 46: American Marten Distribution: Alask
Page 47 and 48: White-tailed Deer Distribution: Sou
Page 49 and 50: Ruffed Grouse Distribution: Year-ro
Page 51 and 52: Black-backed Woodpecker Distributio
Page 53: Wood Thrush Distribution: Breeding-
Page 57 and 58: Pine Warbler Distribution: Southern
Page 59 and 60: Eastern Towhee Distribution: Breedi
Page 61 and 62: Northern Dusky Salamander Distribut
Page 64 and 65: Wood Turtle Distribution: Nova Scot
Page 66 and 67: Late-Successional Forest Species Co
Page 68 and 69: Table 3. Focus Species Summary Tabl
Page 70 and 71: Maine Forest Service Goals for Snag
Page 72 and 73: prefer areas of low habitat intersp
Page 74 and 75: Large Ownerships: On a typical town
Page 76 and 77: 9. Literature Cited Allen, T.G., an
Page 78 and 79: Maine Natural Areas Program (MNAP).
Page 80 and 81: Appendix 1. Recommended Resources .
Page 82 and 83: Appendix 2. List of Focus Species H
Page 84 and 85: older forest in islands and peninsu
Page 86 and 87: Appendix 5. Focus Species Data Form
Page 88 and 89: Focus Species Habitat Worksheet Pro
Page 90 and 91: Appendix 6. Example Stand Maps and
Page 92 and 93: Focus Species Habitat Worksheet Pro
Page 94 and 95: Appendix 7. Focus Species Associate
Page 96 and 97: Appendix 9. Primary Focus Species f
Page 98: Appendix 10. Examples of Stand Clas
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Focus Species Forestry - Maine Audubon

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