Focus Species Forestry - Maine Audubon

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Northern Waterthrush Distribution: Alaska to Newfoundland, south to Washington, Ohio, and Pennsylvania Maine Focus Region: Statewide Territory: 1-4 acres Food: Aquatic insects, occasionally mollusks and crustaceans Special Habitat Needs: Forested wetlands with pools of standing water or pond shores with dense brush. Nests in upturned root masses. Management Maintain forest and shrub-sapling cover in wetland areas. See riparian and wetland forest recommendations (Section 5). Comments: More often heard than seen, the northern waterthrush announces its presence with a very loud, clear, descending “here, here, here here here.” One study in Maine found that the northern waterthrush was intolerant of timber harvesting. The species winters in the West Indies and northern South America. Riparian and wetland management zones inhabited by northern waterthrush protect water quality and aquatic habitat and provide for a wide range of other species including amphibians, some reptiles, mink, and many plants. Habitat Use: Aspen-Birch Forest Ecosystems Northern Hardwoods Oak-Pine Hemlock Spruce-Fir N. White Cedar R S I M R S I M L R S I M L I M L R S I M L I M L Special-value Habitats Riparian/ Wetland Vernal Forest Pool R Regeneration and seedlings Mx Mixed conifer-deciduous Focus habitat S Saplings and small poles U Understory present Other habitat I Intermediate-aged forest C Cavity tree or snag Little/no use M Mature forest L Late-successional forest References: Boone and Krohn 1998, DeGraaf and Yamasaki 2001, Hagan et al. 1997, Sauer et al. 2003, Sibley 2000, Terres 1991 52 Focus Species Forestry
Eastern Towhee Distribution: Breeding-season resident from Minnesota and southern Quebec to southern Maine, south to the Gulf of Mexico Maine Focus Region: At its northern range limit in Maine, this species is a priority species only in the South Territory: 1-6 acres Food: Scratches in leaf litter for seeds, insects and snails Special Habitat Needs: Prefers dry, early successional or regenerating forests with a dense, brushy understory Management: Adaptable to a range of management techniques that result in dense regeneration, including heavy selection, shelterwood, or clearcut harvests. Comments: The eastern towhee is declining due to loss of the brushy, early successional forest that they prefer. This large sparrow with rusty sides is often heard scratching in the dry leaves of pine-oak forests. In the spring and early summer the male announces his presence with a loud “DRINK your teeeeeee.” Its call is a loud “che-WINK.” Towhees winter from southern New England to the Gulf of Mexico. Other early successional species such as ruffed grouse, eastern and New England cottontail rabbits, and chestnut-sided warblers may be found in young stands inhabited by eastern towhees. Habitat Use: Aspen-Birch Forest Ecosystems Northern Hardwoods Oak-Pine Hemlock Spruce-Fir N. White Cedar R S I M R S I M L R S I M L I M L R S I M L I M L U U U Special-value Habitats Riparian/ Wetland Vernal Forest Pool R Regeneration and seedlings Mx Mixed conifer-deciduous Focus habitat S Saplings and small poles U Understory present Other habitat I Intermediate-aged forest C Cavity tree or snag Little/no use M Mature forest L Late-successional forest References: Boone and Krohn 1998, DeGraaf and Yamasaki 2001, Hagan et al. 1997, Sauer et al. 2003, Sibley 2000, Terres 1991 Focus Species Forestry 53
Page 1 and 2:
Focus Species Forestry A Guide to I
Page 3 and 4:
Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.
Page 5 and 6:
Acknowledgements The Focus Species
Page 7 and 8: 1. Introduction It’s a crisp wint
Page 9 and 10: 2. Characteristics of Focus Species
Page 11 and 12: Focus Species and Human Values Whil
Page 13 and 14: 3. Step by Step Guide to Focus Spec
Page 15 and 16: For riparian and wetland areas and
Page 17 and 18: Habitat Monitoring Habitat is the m
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Forest Ecosystem Types and
Page 21 and 22: Table 2. Stand Development Stages S
Page 23 and 24: 5. Habitat Management Guides The fo
Page 25 and 26: Aspen-Birch _______________________
Page 27 and 28: Northern Hardwoods ________________
Page 29 and 30: Oak-Pine __________________________
Page 31 and 32: Eastern Hemlock ___________________
Page 33 and 34: Spruce-Fir ________________________
Page 35 and 36: Northern White Cedar ______________
Page 37 and 38: Riparian and Wetland Forest _______
Page 39 and 40: Vernal Pools ______________________
Page 41 and 42: 6. Focus Species Profiles and Manag
Page 43 and 44: Snowshoe Hare Distribution: Alaska
Page 45 and 46: American Marten Distribution: Alask
Page 47 and 48: White-tailed Deer Distribution: Sou
Page 49 and 50: Ruffed Grouse Distribution: Year-ro
Page 51 and 52: Black-backed Woodpecker Distributio
Page 53 and 54: Wood Thrush Distribution: Breeding-
Page 55 and 56: Magnolia Warbler Distribution: Brit
Page 57: Pine Warbler Distribution: Southern
Page 61 and 62: Northern Dusky Salamander Distribut
Page 64 and 65: Wood Turtle Distribution: Nova Scot
Page 66 and 67: Late-Successional Forest Species Co
Page 68 and 69: Table 3. Focus Species Summary Tabl
Page 70 and 71: Maine Forest Service Goals for Snag
Page 72 and 73: prefer areas of low habitat intersp
Page 74 and 75: Large Ownerships: On a typical town
Page 76 and 77: 9. Literature Cited Allen, T.G., an
Page 78 and 79: Maine Natural Areas Program (MNAP).
Page 80 and 81: Appendix 1. Recommended Resources .
Page 82 and 83: Appendix 2. List of Focus Species H
Page 84 and 85: older forest in islands and peninsu
Page 86 and 87: Appendix 5. Focus Species Data Form
Page 88 and 89: Focus Species Habitat Worksheet Pro
Page 90 and 91: Appendix 6. Example Stand Maps and
Page 92 and 93: Focus Species Habitat Worksheet Pro
Page 94 and 95: Appendix 7. Focus Species Associate
Page 96 and 97: Appendix 9. Primary Focus Species f
Page 98: Appendix 10. Examples of Stand Clas
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Focus Species Forestry - Maine Audubon

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