Seismoacoustic Study of the Shallow Gas Transport and ... - E-LIB

Chapter 1
main sequences consist of nearly horizontal and undeformed layers within the basin. The
basement beneath is disrupted by several normal faults, supporting the extensional origin
of the basins (Tugolesov et al., 1985; Zonenshain et al., 1986).
Figure 16 The three panels I-III present the plate tectonic development history of the Mediterranean and
Black Sea regions since the Late Triassic (I) through the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary (II) to the Late
Miocene (III). Picture reference: http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~rcb7/paleogeographic_alps.html.
The Black Sea is well known for the presence of gas seeps and seep-related structures
(Fig. 17), such as mud volcanoes, which have been reported from various areas, e.g. at
the north-western margins (Shnukov et al., 1995; Peckmann et al., 2001; Michaelis et al.,
2002; Mazzini et al., 2004; Naudts et al., 2006), in the central and north-eastern parts
(Ivanov et al., 1989, 1998; Ginsburg et al., 1990; Limonov et al., 1994; Woodside et al.,
1997; Kenyon et al., 2002; Blinova et al., 2003; Bohrmann et al., 2003; Krastel et al.,
2003; Aloisi et al., 2004; Mazzini et al., 2004; Greinert et al., 2006), as well as along the
south-eastern slopes of the Black Sea (Kruglyakova et al., 1993; Cifci et al., 2002; Ergün
et al., 2002; Klaucke et al., 2006). Gas hydrates in the Black Sea were sampled for the
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