Vietnam Environmental Technologies Export Market Plan

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Hanoi The largest water supplier in the city, the Hanoi Water Company has eight water stations and other smaller plants. The company says it is able to supply between 340,000 to 350,000 m 3 of clean water per day. The company’s system is supplied by over 125 artesian wells, some of which have less than 50 percent of their designed capacity left. Capacity will increase when construction of two new water treatment plants is completed. The plants are part of the World Bank’s $97.8 million First Water Supply project, which is upgrading water resources in four key northern regions: Hanoi, Haiphong, Quang Ninh, and Danang. In addition to the World Bank loans, the Finnish government is providing $1.96 million in co-financing for technical assistance and consultant contracts. In early 1999, the World Bank awarded a $33 million construction contract for the Hanoi component to a joint venture between Korea’s Kolon Corporation (51 percent) and the Vietnam Construction and Import/Export Corporation (49 percent). The World Bank is providing 85 percent of the financing for the construction contract. The joint venture is building two 30,000 m 3 per day water-supply stations. One plant is being built in Tu Liem district and the other in Tay Ho district. Four new wells will be drilled to supply water to the plants. The additional 60,000 m 3 per day will bring total capacity to 410,000 m 3 per day. By 2010, authorities in Hanoi plan to install water treatment systems in Ba Dinh, Hai Ba Trung, Hoan Kiem, Dong Da, Tay Ho, Thanh Tri, and Tu Liem districts. A U.S. firm, M-Power Corp., is developing plans to build a $134 million build operate transfer (BOT) water supply network in Hanoi. The project is in the feasibility study phase and no BOT contract has been signed. The project calls for construction of a water purification plant with a capacity of 500,000 m 3 of clean water per day and rehabilitation of 56 kilometers of water drainage systems. The project aims to include construction of reservoirs and installation of water supply systems in Hanoi’s suburbs, as well as steps to reduce water loss throughout Hanoi’s distribution system. Haiphong Construction has been completed on the Haiphong component of the World Bank’s First Water Supply project. The project is rehabilitating the main water supply plant for Haiphong, the An Duong Water Plant. Capacity of the plant is being increased from 60,000 m 3 per day to 100,000 m 3 per day. The project also involves rehabilitation of the distribution system, water intake, and pumping stations and will increase household connections to the water network. The project is scheduled to be complete by 2002. The World Bank has signed a credit for $24.4 million to finance these upgrades. The Chinese Metallurgy and Construction Corporation will supply and install equipment worth $19.3 million over the next three and a half years. Quang Ninh After a three-month delay, construction has started on the Quang Ninh component of the First Water Supply project. French contractor SAUR International won the main civil works contract, valued at approximately $19 million. By mid-2000, SAUR had started purchasing materials and equipment and had started construction of raw water lines. SAUR was also preparing the detailed design for rehabilitation of two water supply plants in Quang Ninh. When completed, the Dong Ho Water Plant will have a capacity of 20,000 m 3 per day, and the Dien Vong plant will have a capacity of 60,000 m 3 per day. Danang Danang is the fourth component of the First Water Supply project and has been the slowest in getting underway. Prequalification for bidding on the project has been completed, and bid documents for the civil works contract and construction supervision contracts were submitted on January 5, 2000. Five contractors have submitted bids. The consultant evaluating the bids, GHDK Co., is a joint venture between GHD of Australia and Kim Hien Co., a Vietnamese firm with offices in Hanoi and Danang. 4.3—Rural Water Supply In mid-1999, the government completed a master plan for rural water supply. The study was conducted by the Ministry of Construction, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), and Danish International Development Assistance (DANIDA). DANIDA provided a $2 million grant to complete the study. The plan focuses on supplying clean water to rural households, building household sanitary facilities, and preventing diseases caused by polluted surface waters by the year 2020. The government and National Assembly Vietnam Export Market Plan 15
have designated the project as one of Vietnam’s “seven most important” development programs. By 2005, the government objective will provide 80 percent of the rural population with clean water and 50 percent of the rural population with adequate sanitation facilities. In order to achieve these rates of penetration, the plan’s authors estimated an investment of $132.3 million per year will be needed. In total, the master plan calls for $2 billion to implement the project. The majority of the financing for rural clean water and sanitation projects will come from overseas development assistance sources. Since the program started, MARD reports that 750,000 farming families have been able to access clean water supplies, bringing the total number of rural users nationwide with access to clean water to 19.7 million. This marks a penetration rate of 33 percent of the rural population. The program is also designed to provide hygienic toilets to 50 percent of all rural families and to install wastewater treatment facilities for 30 percent of rural water users. The government has spent over $5 million on the program since the beginning of the year. Approximately $16.2 million in funds for the project are also being supplied by DANIDA, the World Bank, UNICEF, and the Asian Development Bank. Denmark is also financing a $1.8 million water supply and sanitation project in the north-central province of Ha Tinh. AusAID has provided $45 million in financing for rural water supply projects in Bac Giang, Bac Ninh, Ha Tinh, Tra Vinh, and Vinh Long provinces. Between 1990 and 1997, UNICEF dispersed $14.8 million in funding as part of a rural water supply program to 20 million people, covering all of Vietnam’s 61 provinces. The program has installed 180,000 clean water stations, including 500 small water plants. Half of the water installations have been set up in rural areas, with 15 percent in mountainous zones and 11 percent at kindergartens, schools, and local clinics. The remainder were set up for the families of war veterans. 4.4—Distribution While the quality of treated water in Vietnam usually meets World Health Organization standards, once it leaves the treatment plants, it is exposed almost immediately to contamination. Between 40 and 50 percent of the water pumped out of the country’s treatment plants is lost on its way through Vietnam’s 119 rusted and leaky distribution networks. The majority of the 14,800 kilometers of water pipes in urban systems are either cast iron, concrete, or steel Case Study 4.2—Relationships Count Hong Kim Co. is a local Vietnamese company based in Ho Chi Minh City. For four years it served as an agent for a Canadian- American water purification company based in Nevada called Vector Corp. Vector sold water purification equipment under the brand name Diamond Rain. The equipment retailed for between $30,000 and $200,000, with the primary markets being hospitals, schools, and bottled water companies. Last year, Vector Group left Vietnam to focus on other markets, but it licensed the trademark to Hong Kim Co. After four years serving as an agent, Hong Kim Co. knows the technology and provides sufficient after-sales service. The Diamond Rain trademark is established, and the system is considered durable and of high quality. Hoping to build on its success of distributing U.S.- made purification equipment, Hong Kim Co. executives have traveled to the United States to meet with other companies, such as Ametek and Universal Aqua. The government’s $2 billion rural water supply program could turn out to be a gold mine for Hong Kim Co. The government is allocating overseas development assistance funds to most of Vietnam’s provinces to implement the program. In one province, Australian aid has already funded construction of a 200,000 gallon/day purification system, and the province has funds from other sources, including the UNDP, to install another 60 purification systems. In addition to having a solid product with a proven track record in Vietnam, Hong Kim Co. has a trump card: Several of its employees are directly related to the chairman of the province awarding the contract. While this many not necessarily win the deal for Hong Kim, this small distributor of American-built purification technology is now on the inside track to win several parts of this sizeable rural water supply initiative. and are in extremely poor condition. With the unsealed pipes and low water pressure comes greater exposure to contaminants from outside the pipes. Vietnam’s water companies are extremely inefficient. Not only does a huge amount of leakage and waste occur, but the companies continually fail to earn enough income to offset operating costs or upgrade their distribution systems. Because of unreliable piped water supplies, authorities have been unsuccessful in controlling the use of ground water sources. Well digging at the household, neighborhood, and industrial levels continues unregulated in many urban and rural areas. This is resulting in both contamination and depletion of ground water supplies in some urban areas. Charging less than their operating costs, municipal water companies are losing money and have no funds to upgrade their infrastructure, creating the supply inefficiencies. After years of debate, the government finally agreed to raise water prices effective March 1, 2000, but prices remain below operating costs (Table 4.1). 16 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration
Page 1 and 2: VIETNAM ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
Page 3 and 4: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
Page 5 and 6: iv U.S. Department of Commerce, Int
Page 7 and 8: vi U.S. Department of Commerce, Int
Page 9 and 10: Abbreviations ADB Asian Development
Page 11 and 12: projects. Project consultant and co
Page 13 and 14: Chart 1—Foreign Direct Investment
Page 15 and 16: on the Protection of the Environmen
Page 17 and 18: Table 2.1 Summary of Overseas Devel
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 3 Legal and Regulatory Over
Page 21 and 22: protection within their jurisdictio
Page 23 and 24: 3.3 Environmental Impact Assessment
Page 25: sewerage systems, contaminating the
Page 29 and 30: According to the Hanoi Water Supply
Page 31 and 32: sewerage and drainage systems. The
Page 33 and 34: Table 4.5 Vietnam’s Imports of Wa
Page 35 and 36: into the urban drainage facilities,
Page 37 and 38: The larger of these projects is fac
Page 39 and 40: or larger-capacity wastewater treat
Page 41 and 42: Case Study 6.2 Overseas Development
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 7 Solid Waste 7.1—Current
Page 45 and 46: Case Study 7.1—Tapping State Reso
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 9 Air Pollution 9.1—Curre
Page 49 and 50: • non-methane hydrocarbons; • m
Page 51 and 52: province. The system would also hav
Page 53 and 54: Deforestation continues, however. S
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 12 Environmental Services 1
Page 57 and 58: Chapter13 Sources of Financing Over
Page 59 and 60: Table 13.1 Largest Ongoing Developm
Page 61 and 62: Table 13.3—The 15 Largest Donors
Page 63 and 64: Distribution of environment-related
Page 65 and 66: Department of Science, Technology a
Page 67 and 68: Appendix B International Organizati
Page 69 and 70: Center of Environmental Technology
Page 71 and 72: Hanoi Water Supply Development Proj
Page 73 and 74: Waste Disposal Company (HOWADICO) D
Page 75 and 76: Appendix G Major Environmental Comp
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Dai Viet Trading Co. 70 De La Thanh
Page 79 and 80:
Appendix K “Black Book” Compani
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Cty Bot Giat Viso VISO Detergent Co
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Appendix L “Black Book” Compani
Page 85 and 86:
Nhaø Maùy Söõa TRÖÔØNG THO 3
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Appendix M “Black Book” Compani
Page 89 and 90:
Cty Khoaù Vieät-Tieäp (Vietnam-C
Page 91:
Province Project Description Countr
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