Vietnam Environmental Technologies Export Market Plan

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One example is air-quality monitoring. There is no consistent database available on air pollution levels on a national, regional, or local level. The Asian Development Bank, United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (NORAD), and DANIDA are funding projects in Ho Chi Minh City to establish accurate measuring systems and monitoring equipment. The U.S.-Asia Environmental Partnership is also providing assistance to this project. Contract awards include a technical assistance and training component to build the capacity of local staff. Investment projects need to complete an environmental impact assessment (EIA) before they are licensed by the Ministry of Planning and Investment. For most companies, completing the assessment is straightforward and does not require the use of international consultants. As a result, local Vietnamese companies dominate the market for EIAs. Local companies also perform audits and monitoring of facilities to determine whether waste output is within standards set by the Law on the Environment. Only major polluting industries, such as the oil, gas, steel, and cement industries, have required services of international consulting companies to complete the EIAs. In general, the market for environmental services is moving away from providing EIAs to providing clean production consulting or waste-auditing services. According to directors at the Center for Environmental Technology (ECO) in Ho Chi Minh City, one of the country’s largest environmental services companies, the center has shifted away from providing EIAs to providing “clean production” studies for local companies. ECO also advises companies on wastetreatment solutions. As a state-owned company, ECO uses government networking as an effective marketing tool. The government occasionally sponsors training sessions and seminars on waste reduction. Directors at ECO speak at these events, providing a valuable opportunity to meet potential clients. ECO is well known among local DOSTEs, so when polluting companies ask DOSTE for advice on waste reduction or other environmental services, DOSTE refers them to the center. In the past year and a half, ISO 14000 has been introduced to Vietnam, though only a handful of companies have been certified. Several American companies, such as Ford, Nike, and Indochina Building Supplies, have been ISO 14000 certified. ISO 14000 certification is in its infancy in Vietnam. While it is being promoted to a limited degree, the market for such certifications will be negligible for the near future. The government has not provided any specific incentives to companies that meet ISO 14000 standards. One of the larger certification companies in Vietnam, Société Générale de Surveillance (SGS), has looked at the market for environmental services but has not made it one of its core businesses in Vietnam. Its environmentrelated business in Vietnam has been centered on the forestry industry. Furniture buyers in the European Union, for example, restrict imports of furniture that have used illegally logged timber for raw materials. SGS Vietnam monitors about 50 furniture factories in Vietnam to determine their source of origin for hardwood timber. Vietnam Export Market Plan 45
Chapter13 Sources of Financing Overseas development assistance from multilateral institutions, such as the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank, remains the largest source of financing for environmental initiatives in Vietnam (Tables 13.1 and 13.3). While loans for environmentimprovement projects have been approved and signed, implementing the projects and disbursing funds rarely proceed on schedule. Vietnam has had a particularly poor track record of aid absorption for numerous reasons, including an entangled bureaucracy and extremely slow decisionmaking procedures. Local managers responsible for implementing projects must get approval for the smallest decisions along an entire chain of command. Major spending or disbursal decisions often must be approved by the local People’s Committee, numerous agencies affiliated with the project, parent ministries in Hanoi, and, occasionally, the prime minister. Chart 13.1 Pipeline Commitments in Vietnam, by Main Grant Donors (millions of dollars) 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.2 4.0 4.1 BADC 4.1 WB 5.7 NORAD 7.0 BMZ 9.2 UNDP 13.1 UNDP/GEF 18.9 EU 21.0 JIKA DANIDA FAO MAE DFID Sida NETGOV DIDC 42.3 52.3 $0 $10 $20 $30 $40 $50 $60 The government has issued an inter-ministry decision (Decree 87/CP) on speeding up ODA disbursements and on decentralizing decision making. Implementation of this decree is a work in progress, however. Bidders on projects should expect delays in procurement schedules. 13.1—U.S. Funding Sources The United States has not yet provided bilateral aid in the form of loans or grants to the environment sector. However, the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC) provided its first financial support to a U.S. investment project in Vietnam in December 1999, a $2.3 million loan to V-Trac Infrastructure Company, the sole authorized dealer of Caterpillar equipment in Vietnam. OPIC is a federal agency that provides investment services to small and medium-sized companies in overseas markets. 13.2—Key Sources of Overseas Development Assistance in Vietnam Asian Development Bank 23 Phan Chu Trinh Hanoi Tel: +84 (4) 733-0923 Fax: +84 (4) 733-0925 Web: www.adb.org E-mail: adbhanoi@netnam.org.vn Project officer: Mr. Le Dinh Thang United Nations Development Program 27-29 Phan Boi Chau Hanoi Tel: +84 (4) 942-1495 Fax: +84 (4) 825-9267 Resident representative: Edouard Wattez Note: Full names of donor organizations are given in the abbreviation list on page viii. Dollar figures have been rounded. Source: U.N. Development Program. 46 U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration
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VIETNAM ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES
Page 3 and 4:
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-P
Page 5 and 6: iv U.S. Department of Commerce, Int
Page 7 and 8: vi U.S. Department of Commerce, Int
Page 9 and 10: Abbreviations ADB Asian Development
Page 11 and 12: projects. Project consultant and co
Page 13 and 14: Chart 1—Foreign Direct Investment
Page 15 and 16: on the Protection of the Environmen
Page 17 and 18: Table 2.1 Summary of Overseas Devel
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 3 Legal and Regulatory Over
Page 21 and 22: protection within their jurisdictio
Page 23 and 24: 3.3 Environmental Impact Assessment
Page 25 and 26: sewerage systems, contaminating the
Page 27 and 28: have designated the project as one
Page 29 and 30: According to the Hanoi Water Supply
Page 31 and 32: sewerage and drainage systems. The
Page 33 and 34: Table 4.5 Vietnam’s Imports of Wa
Page 35 and 36: into the urban drainage facilities,
Page 37 and 38: The larger of these projects is fac
Page 39 and 40: or larger-capacity wastewater treat
Page 41 and 42: Case Study 6.2 Overseas Development
Page 43 and 44: Chapter 7 Solid Waste 7.1—Current
Page 45 and 46: Case Study 7.1—Tapping State Reso
Page 47 and 48: Chapter 9 Air Pollution 9.1—Curre
Page 49 and 50: • non-methane hydrocarbons; • m
Page 51 and 52: province. The system would also hav
Page 53 and 54: Deforestation continues, however. S
Page 55: Chapter 12 Environmental Services 1
Page 59 and 60: Table 13.1 Largest Ongoing Developm
Page 61 and 62: Table 13.3—The 15 Largest Donors
Page 63 and 64: Distribution of environment-related
Page 65 and 66: Department of Science, Technology a
Page 67 and 68: Appendix B International Organizati
Page 69 and 70: Center of Environmental Technology
Page 71 and 72: Hanoi Water Supply Development Proj
Page 73 and 74: Waste Disposal Company (HOWADICO) D
Page 75 and 76: Appendix G Major Environmental Comp
Page 77 and 78: Dai Viet Trading Co. 70 De La Thanh
Page 79 and 80: Appendix K “Black Book” Compani
Page 81 and 82: Cty Bot Giat Viso VISO Detergent Co
Page 83 and 84: Appendix L “Black Book” Compani
Page 85 and 86: Nhaø Maùy Söõa TRÖÔØNG THO 3
Page 87 and 88: Appendix M “Black Book” Compani
Page 89 and 90: Cty Khoaù Vieät-Tieäp (Vietnam-C
Page 91: Province Project Description Countr
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