True Coincidence Summing Correction in Gamma Spectroscopy

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Contents: Acknowledgements Abstract List of Figures List of Tables Page i ii iii v CHAPTER 1 Semiconductor Detectors for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 General Considerations in Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy 2 1.3 Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy with Semiconductor Detector 3 1.4 High Purity Germanium Detector 4 1.4.1 Introduction 4 1.4.2 Packing of the Detector 6 1.4.3 Detector Requirements and Characteristics 7 1.5 Electronics for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy 9 1.6 Counting Statistics 11 1.7 Calibrations 12 1.7.1 Energy Calibration 12 1.7.2 Efficiency Calibration 13 CHAPTER 2 True Coincidence Summing 2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 The Origin of Summing 19 2.3 Summing and Solid Angle 20 2.4 Spectral Evidence of Summing 21 2.5 Experimental Evidence of the need for Corrections 23 2.6 Validity of Closed Geometry Calibration 24 2.7 Summing in Environmental Measurements 24 2.8 Achieving Valid Closed Geometry Efficiency Calibrations 25 2.9 TCS and Geometry 28 2.10 Mathematical Summing Correction 30 CHAPTER 3 Implementation of Cascade Corrections in Genie 2000 3.1 Introduction 35 3.2 Estimation of True Coincidence Corrections for Voluminous sources 37 3.3 Peak-To-Total (P/T) Ratios 38 3.4 Cascade Correction Theory 39 3.5 Overview of Genie 2000 Gamma Analysis Software 41 Genie 2000 Basic Spectroscopy Software 42 Spectral Analysis 42 Complete Calibration Functions 43 Peak Locate and Area 43 Tentative Nuclide Identification 44 Background subtraction 44 Geometry composer 45 Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) calculations 45 True Coincidence (Cascade) Summing Correction 45 CHAPTER 4 Results, Validations and Discussions
Page 1: Universität Bremen Faculty of Envi
Page 5 and 6: Acknowledgements My recognition to
Page 7 and 8: List of Figures: Figure 1.1 - Compa
Page 9 and 10: List of Tables: Table 1.1 - Typical
Page 11 and 12: the photopeak area is related to el
Page 13 and 14: Figure 1.1 Comparative pulse height
Page 15 and 16: 1.4.2 Packing of the Detector HPGe
Page 17 and 18: Table 1.1 Typical FWHM values as a
Page 19 and 20: The gamma photons produce electron-
Page 21 and 22: Figure 1.7 Peak and background area
Page 23 and 24: • Absolute full-peak energy effic
Page 25 and 26: p c =1-e -2Rτ (1.6) R is the mean
Page 27 and 28: amplifier output pulses shapes are
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2.3 Simplified decay scheme
Page 31 and 32: Counts 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Eu-
Page 33 and 34: Figure 2.6 Ratio of count rates in
Page 35 and 36: participate in summing. However, ca
Page 37 and 38: Figure 2.8 The efficiency curve con
Page 39 and 40: The above discussion leads to the c
Page 41 and 42: The ratio n 2 /n’ 2 would be used
Page 43 and 44: • The larger Eu-152 factors for t
Page 45 and 46: As discussed in chapter 2, the emis
Page 47 and 48: ∫ ∫ ε r) ε t ( r) dV ( r) dV
Page 49 and 50: For equation (3.8); N p,g = measure
Page 51 and 52: comprehensive spectrum analysis for
Page 53 and 54:
Tentative Nuclide Identification An
Page 55 and 56:
correction uses LabSOCS technology
Page 57 and 58:
4 Results, Validations and Discussi
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assumed to be constant for detector
Page 61 and 62:
4.2.3 Geometry Description The prop
Page 63 and 64:
Table 4.4- Cascade correction facto
Page 65 and 66:
Table 4.6- Cascade correction facto
Page 67 and 68:
Figure 4.8 Comparison between the f
Page 69 and 70:
4.4 Validations and Discussion To v
Page 71 and 72:
0.900 0.850 0.800 0.750 0.700 0.650
Page 73 and 74:
The sediment sample obtained from B
Page 75 and 76:
Appendix A Detector 3: Marinelli be
Page 77 and 78:
Detector 3: Pellets (1g/cm 3 ) 5 mm
Page 79 and 80:
Nuclide Energy (keV) Detector 4: Ma
Page 81 and 82:
Nuclide Energy (keV) Detector 4: Pe
Page 83 and 84:
Detector 5: Marinelli beaker 0.5 L
Page 85 and 86:
Detector 5: Pellets (1g/cm 3 ) Nucl
Page 87 and 88:
Detector 6: Marinelli beaker Nuclid
Page 89 and 90:
Detector 6: Pellets (1g/cm 3 ) 5 mm
Page 91 and 92:
References [1] Radiation Detection
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True Coincidence Summing Correction in Gamma Spectroscopy

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