Evaluation of JTI's R&D Activities 2005–2008 - Formas

• Sweden
- Environmental quality goals have been decided on by the
Riksdag. These set out the ambition which is then translated
into legislation, licensing decisions, economic instruments,
etc.
- Prioritisation of sustainable growth and production in
society.
- Open landscapes (preservation of grassland).
- Local production for economic policy reasons.
- Quality assurance of both handling and product.
- Landfilling of organic waste prohibited from 2005.
- Targets for recycling phosphorus (to be announced) and
certain kinds of waste (e.g. in 2010, 35 % of food waste
must be recycled instead of being taken to landfill or incinerated).
Requires a holistic approach, inter alia to devise
properly working systems for recycling to agriculture. Recycling
is, however, often questioned.
- The Recycling Bill in which one of the issues highlighted is
waste management.
- A tax on incineration of waste is under investigation, and
it is very likely that a tax will be introduced.
Trends in general
Some general trends which are considered to have an effect on
the work of JTI are set out below. In certain cases these trends
may be contradictory.
• Structural rationalisation
- Agriculture: Structural rationalisation in the industrialised
countries is proceeding at a very fast pace towards units of
increasing size. Dairy farms for fewer than 1000 cows are
not established in the US. In Denmark the level is over 100
cows. Development is driven by “price”. What is regarded
as large depends, inter alia, on conditions in the countries.
- Industry: The Swedish and European food industry is
rapidly moving towards a market that is subject to increasing
price competition. As regards research and development
carried on by industry, there is a focus on areas of
competition of strategic importance for the company concerned
where they want/have to be “best in the world”.
Development in other areas that are still important for the
company occurs through outsourcing. This makes for
speed and flexibility.
- Trade marks of the type Lidl, ICA, i.e. company trade
marks, are increasing both in numbers and significance.
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Evaluation of JTI’s R&D Activities 2005–2008