The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXX, Part 1-2, 1992 - Khamkoo

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46 Fig. 7 Plan of Wat Mahathat, Ayudhya. Fine Arts Department. ~~0 0 W 0 ~ 0 I H AN ~0 11:.~" 1 ~~~o r:;:: o~o~o~o~o ~~~ot.J I .,._________.../' ,.../'"'!!'!!"'_____________ . 1:;. .5CA L.~ t:Doo CJ .J J
47 offerings of the gods and Brahmas he descended by the divine stair to the $akya city;-all this was pictured in gilt. Outside the great wall of the vihare were several preaching-halls; to the west of this was the residence of the Sanga Raja. The dining- and preaching-halls were adorned in diverse fashions with gilding. One room was hung with awnings and curtains embroidered with gold, whilst the floor was covered with various precious carpets ... Surrounding this spot were several houses occupied by a vast number of priests and Samaneras, devotees of either sex who observe dasa sil [the ten precepts], as well as a crowd of pious and courtly folk who provided daily offerings.39 The Sinhalese account shows that at some time between 1665 and 1750 eight gilded prangs were erected along the outside of the covered gallery on each side (Fig. 7). Since no mention is made of the lowermost platform of the central prang with ten stupas to each side, nor of the four corner prangs on the upper platform, nor of the four arms of the central prang each supporting a smaller prang above its extremity (Fig. 8), it has to be assumed that all of these additions date from later renovations which took place between 1750 and 1767. For, had they been built before 1750, the Sinhalese visitors would have recorded them in great detail. Thus the ruins of the Wat Mahathat mostly date between the late 17th and late 18th centuries. The prang that was put up by King Prasat Thong collapsed in the reign of King Vajiravudh (1910-1925). Whilst the hypothesis that the Wat Mahathat was built by King Borommaracha I (1370-1388) and King Ramesuan (1388-1395) can neither be verified nor disproved, it is certain that the Mahathat we see today is not an example of 14th century Ayudhya architecture. Wat Ratchaburana Similar arguments can be made against the hypothesis that Wat Ratchaburana was built by King Borommaracha II (1424-1448). There were at least four candidates from Thai sources from which the author of the Taman Phuttha Chedi Sayam could choose as who built Wat Ratchaburana. They are as follows: The "Phanchanthanumat (Choem) Version" and all other recensions of the royal chronicle of A yudhya say that two sons of King Intharacha (1409-1424) by the name of Chao Ai Phraya and Chao Yi Phraya had an elephant duel at the foot of the Pa Than bridge, as a result of which both were killed. The youngest brother, Chao Sam Phraya, then became king Borommaracha II. He had the remains of his two brothers cremated. At the spot where the cremation took place he founded a monastery named Wat Ratchaburana (Royal Restoration).40 The "Luang Prasoet version" is slightly different. It says that King Borommaracha II built two chedis where his two brothers killed each other in the Pa Than district. "In the same year [1424] the Wat Ratchabun [Royal Merit] was founded." 41 Apparently the founding of Wat Ratchabun was unrelated to the above story. It is mentioned because it happened to have been founded in the same year as King Borommaracha II's accession to the throne. The Khamhaikan Khunluang Hawat (Statements of Exking Uthumphon), which is an account given by the next to last king of Ayudhya (r. 1758), who was taken captive by the Burmese in 1767, says that King Ekathotsarot (1605-1611) built Wat Ratchaburana "in the city to the southeast of the palace." 42 Since the location corresponds to the present monastery of the same name, there is no doubt that Ex-king Uthumphon meant this one. The Khamhaikan Chao Krung Kao (Statements of the Residents of the Old Capital), which is an account of the residents of A yudhya taken captive by the Burmese in 1767, says that King Borommakot (1733-1758) built seven large monasteries, one of which was Wat Ratchaburana.43 The author of the Tamnan Phuttha Chedi Sayam, however, opted for the version from the royal chronicle. Unknown to him, van Vliet in The Short History ... attributed Wat Raeyjae Boenna to Thao U Thong. 44 The Dutch spelling of this monastery suggests that the name is closer to the Wat Ratchabun (Royal Merit) of the "Luang Prasoet version" than to the Wat Ratchaburana of the "Phanchanthanumat (Choem) version." The Wat Ratchabun must have been an important monastery as van Vliet attributed it to Thao U Thong and the compiler of the "Luang Prasoet version" to King Borommaracha II. The Wat Raeyjae Boenna, according to van Vliet, was one of the three temples built by Thao U Thong. Moreover, in 1640 it had "the same size and shape as the Nappetadt." 45 The oil painting of Iudea (c. 1650) in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam (Fig. 9) shows that there was a monastery where the present day Wat Ratchaburana is located (Fig. 10). But, since it consists of a chedi and a wihan to the south of it, it certainly does not have "the same size and shape as the Nappetadt." Hence, the Wat Ratchabun (Royal Merit) of van Vliet and the "Luang Prasoet version" could not have been the same as the present-day Wat Ratchaburana (Royal Restoration). Although the Wat Ratchabun probably had a prang, we do not know where it was located. By collating Wat Ratchaburana with the one mentioned in one of the recensions of the "Phanchanthanumat (Choem) version," and assuming that the Wat Ratchabun of the "Luang Prasoet version" was one and the same, Prince Damrong dated the monument to 1424. In conclusion it can be assumed that the original Wat Ratchaburana (Royal Restoration) may have been built by King Ekathotsarot (1605-1611), as reported in Ex-king Uthumphon's statement to the Burmese, for its existence in the mid 17th century in the form of a chedi is indicated by the oil painting of ludea (c. 1650) as well as in Vingboons' atlas of 1665. However, in Courtaulin's map of "Siam ou Iudia Capitalle du Royaume de Siam" of 1686 (Fig. 11), the site of Wat Ratchaburana is not marked on the map. In 1687, when the French engineer drew a plan of the city, again the location of Wat Ratchaburana was left out (Fig. 1). Probably it was
Page 3 and 4: The Journal of the Siam Society VOL
Page 5 and 6: THE SIAM SOCIETY PATRON VICE-PATRON
Page 7 and 8: In This Issue The Siam Society Unde
Page 9 and 10: 7 Section V : Aspects of Ayudhya 57
Page 11 and 12: SECTION I HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN
Page 13 and 14: HER MAJESTY QUEEN SIRIKIT BONNIE DA
Page 15 and 16: SECTION II PEOPLE AND EVENTS
Page 17 and 18: HONORS TO DISTINGUISHED PERSONS Dr.
Page 19: SECTION III A CONTEMPORARY LETTER A
Page 22 and 23: Mr. Prakaipet lndhusophon
Page 24 and 25: 22 Mao Zedong and Mr. Prakaipet exc
Page 26 and 27: A CONTEMPORARY LETTER BY AN ENGLISH
Page 28 and 29: 26 ment But for time to come, if th
Page 30 and 31: 28 , . q ;:?:. -' ./ ,. .,. / ,. /
Page 32 and 33: 30 ,4 " l'· , ·'1': .,. • I~ '-
Page 34: 32 /"' l.--. .. ,~ ...... - / ~,..
Page 38 and 39: 36 0 fi CJl
Page 40 and 41: (>) 00 Fig. 1 "Plan de la Ville de
Page 42 and 43: 40 ~0 M • kl rex r!l or::g;l3 Oe>
Page 44 and 45: 42 Fig. 4 Wat Phutthai Sawan from t
Page 46 and 47: ;!::> ;!::> Fig. 6 A water-colour c
Page 50 and 51: 48 Fig. 9 Detail of "Iudea," showin
Page 52 and 53: (Jl 0 Fig. 11 "Siam ou Iudia Capita
Page 54 and 55: • • • • • • • • •
Page 56 and 57: 52 Fig. 13 A conjectural elevation
Page 58 and 59: 54 ENDNOTES 1. Prince Damrong Rajan
Page 61: SECTION V ASPECTS OF AYUDHYA
Page 64 and 65: 60 Whatever the case was, this posi
Page 66 and 67: 62 welcomed by Narai and his counse
Page 68 and 69: 64 The fact that the last book on S
Page 70 and 71: 66 common language in religious mat
Page 72 and 73: 68 the waxing moon in the eighth mo
Page 75 and 76: MADAME MARIE GUIMARD Under the Ayud
Page 77: 73 Foreign Affairs, and later becam
Page 80 and 81: 76 of its location, court policies
Page 82 and 83: 78 1380s and that in 1419 Ryukyuan
Page 85 and 86: AYUDHYA AND ITS PLACE IN PRE-MODERN
Page 87 and 88: 83 These sacred centres eventually
Page 89 and 90: 85 Muang Sing were extraordinarily
Page 91: SECTION VI OTHER ARTICLES
Page 94 and 95: 90 the move into Terengganu also ap
Page 96 and 97: 92 His Majesty's kingdom is under a
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94 period. It is evident in both th
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96 Autograph Chronicle). 71 Two yea
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98 Ratchasena of W. Phaomani, Thaha
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100 ENDNOTES 1 "Phraratchaphongsawa
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102 75 W.C. Dodd, The Tai Race: The
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THE WAT SRI CHUM JATAKA GLOSSES REC
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107 languiw -lagnuiw - lan(n)uiw MM
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109 &c. is gan 'person' [17, 18], t
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111 17 'ja t' e~ sak mic 20 ku twas
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113 sis, 1978. 8 Gosling, 1988, op.
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115 Context A: Gloss-initial 2601.
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117 Context A 4301 601 17.1 13.1 41
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No. Sd.32 Title lines ISP CIV Fourn
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121 Jataka No. ISP CI V Foumereau J
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123 INDEX This index lists all lemm
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san 3.3 hii 3.3; 5.4; 23.8; 24.7; 4
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128 dhism became dominant. Thus, th
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NOTES AND COMMENTS TWO PORTS OF SUV
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..·
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136 to four "incalculables" (asaizk
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138 to Hofinger's earlier study, Le
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140 Joy for the World: A Buddhist P
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142 goodness": it should rather be
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144 Louis XIV et le Siam DIRK VAN D
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146 Anderson: 11 "In view of her [M
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148 The different Frenchmen in the
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150 position that he could not see
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152 its neighbors, and particularly
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154 the political ascendance of Asa
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156 querade of having to pay homage
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158 possibility of diffusion in thi
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160 Cesare Ferro and Luang Sora/akl
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162 This resulted in a revival of t
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SECTION IX IN MEMORIAM
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ACHARN KRAISRI NIMMANAHAEMINDA 12 D
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LIS I ()~ \IE\IRF.RS
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~tr-. Uo Khtn Mu»lF Crak • \ lr
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l)r S.sr..:h1h1.~u Mtl,uo~a· \lr J
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0. ~ Sn~. \tMru \1t \urapo.'t')f '-
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INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS The Jo
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.. :.'1}--..,u s toms ' ambodia pub
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All Rights Reserved The Siam Societ
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Acknowledgments For photographs, gr
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6 cretism of Thai religion are rela
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8 MONKS AND MEDIUMS: RELIGIOUS SYNC
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A REVISED DATING OF AYUDHYA ARCHITE
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A REVISED DATING OF A YUDHYA ARCHIT
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A REVISED DATING OF A YUDHYA ARCHIT
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED DATING FOR THAI I
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED DATING FOR THAI I
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SECTION II ASPECTS OF LAW AND RELIG
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34 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS CHAPTER I
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36 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS herent, ho
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38 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS then analy
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40 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS Further in
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42 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS There are
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44 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS II. THE EA
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46 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS reliance o
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48 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS ter to agr
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50 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS TRANSLATIO
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52 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS person, el
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54 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS 4. There i
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56 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS tional and
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RELIGION AND FAMILY LAW IN BURMA AY
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RELIGION AND FAMILY LAW IN BURMA 61
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68 PETER SKILLING list based on Sin
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70 PETER SKILLING PART II 1. Lists
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72 PETER SKILLING Dl3. chu srin mak
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74 PETER SKILLING E44. zhags pa100
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76 PETER SKILLING [B19 animal] D24-
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78 PETER SKILLING 24For the latter,
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K'LA AND THE CATHOLICS OF CHIANG MA
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THEBUDDHAUNDERNAGA Animism, Hinduis
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THE BUDDHA UNDER NAGA 91 lightened
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THE BUDDHA UNDER NAGA 93 Figure 1.
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THE BUDDHA UNDER NAGA 95 Figure 5.
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98 MARJORIE A. MUECKE to take posse
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100 MARJORIE A. MUECKE The mutual b
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102 MARJORIE A. MUECKE d d d Three
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104 MARJORIE A. MUECKE REFERENCES B
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106 MARY L. GROW anyone else from c
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108 MARY L. GROW Fig. 1. Women perf
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110 MARYL. GROW While elderly women
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112 MARY L. GROW REFERENCES ANUMAN
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114 JAMES L. TAYLOR pamsukulika) an
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116 JAMES L. TAYLOR Naresuan and hi
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118 JAMES L. TAYLOR movement with t
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120 JAMES L. TAYLOR founded. then a
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122 JAMES L. TAYLOR RAY AAN), SOMDE
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SILVER COINS: EVIDENCE FOR MINING A
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SILVER COINS: EVIDENCE FOR MINING A
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SECTION IV LITERATURE
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132 KLAUS WENK said that courtiers
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134 KLAUS WENK tive state of mind-w
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136 GEORGE SIORIS further afield in
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138 GEORGE SIORIS companion neverth
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140 GEORGE SIORIS the end. A consta
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THAI CLASSICAL MUSIC COMES TO AMERI
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SECTION VI ETHNOLOGY
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152 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON be applied
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154 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON Hors du con
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156 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON enseigne. 1
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158 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON Torsions. D
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160 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON La premiere
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162 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON mais aussi
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SECTION VII LINGUISTICS
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168 ROBERT J. PARKIN 2. ber, beh. Y
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SECTION VIII REVIEWS
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REVIEWS 173 into territories until
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REVIEWS 175 favourable to France, w
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REVIEWS 177 II The year 1992 marks
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REVIEWS 179 I feel that something m
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REVIEWS 181 and the response on the
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INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS The Jo
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The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXX, Part 1-2, 1992 - Khamkoo

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