The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXX, Part 1-2, 1992 - Khamkoo

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48 Fig. 9 Detail of "Iudea," showing Wat Mahathat and Wat Ratchaburana, c. 1650. Fig. 10 Wat Ratchaburana and Wat Mahathat from the air. Photograph by Luca Invernizzi Tettoni.
49 considered not important enough to be included in the map. Instead the location of Wat Plappla Chai, which is to the north of Wat Ratchaburana, is given on both maps. Had the present monument been built, it would have figured prominently on the map instead of the much smaller Wat Plappla Chai. The Statements of the Residents of the Old Capital that King Borommakot built Wat Ratchaburana is essentially correct, because he probably had the chedi built by King Ekathotsarot demolished and constructed a new one nearby. Since the captive former residents of Ayudhya over the age of nine years old would have lived in King Borommakot's reign, their statement that King Borommakot built Wat Ratchaburana has to be taken seriously. Since the present-day Wat Ratchaburana would have had to be built in King Borommakot's reign (1733-1758), it cannot be taken as an example of A yudhya architecture of the 15th ·century. Wat Phra Ram The fourth principal monument at Ayudhya classified in the first sub-period (1350-1488) is Wat Phra Ram. The author's source for its having been built in King Borommatrailokanat's reign (1448-1488) must have been one of the recensions of the "Phanchanthanumat (Choem) version." The "Luang Prasoet Version," however, attributed it to 1369, the first year of King Ramesuan's first reign (1369-1370). 46 According to the "Phanchanthanumat (Choem) version," King Borommatrailokanat donated the land where the royal palace had stood so that the Wat Phra Si Sanphet could be built in its place. At the spot where King Ramathibodi I was cremated, King Borommatrailokanat constructed a phra mahathat (which generally refers to a prang) and called it Wat Phra Ram. 47 The oil painting of Iudea (c. 1650) shows what appears to be a slender prang with two smaller chedis to the east of it and one to the west (Fig. 5). A large wihan is to the south of it. The Vingboons atlas (1665) also gives the same picture (Fig. 6). The French engineer's plan of 1687 gives it pride of place and labelled it "Grande pagode" (Fig. 1). Two years earlier Pere Tachard visited Wat Phra Ram and gave a lengthy account of it in his Voyage to Siam, 1685. According to him, it was located "about an hundred paces South of the Palace." 48 The gilded monument was built on a Greek cross plan with the central prang being much bigger than the other four, which were located at the extremities of the cross (Fig. 12). Four stairways gave access to it. Over twenty larger than life statues of men and animals, all gilt, adorned the bottom of the staircase. This five-prang structure was surrounded by forty-four "Pyramides" [chedis] of different form standing of different platforms. On the lowest platform at the four corners were gilt "Pyramides" which end in a long slender cone supporting a needle or arrow of iron that pierced through several crystal balls of different sizes. "The body of these Pyramides [chedis] has too much Sculpture upon it." On the second platform, which was a little higher than the first, "There are six and thirty other Piramides some what less than the former: making a square round the Pagod, nine on each side." [There should have been 32 altogether, if there were nine on each side.] "They are of two different Figures, some taper into a point as the former did, and the rest are made round like a Bell on the top, after the manner of the domes which crown the Building; they are so mingled that there are not two of the same form." 49 The former must have been chedi and the latter prangs, arranged alternately. Above them on the third platform are "four Piramides on the four corners of it [corner chedis], which terminate in a point. They are less indeed than the first, but bigger than the second." 50 The whole is enclosed by a covered gallery opening toward the central prang. Within the gallery along the outer wall were about four hundred images of Buddha, twelve of "Gigantick Stature," one in the middle of each gallery, and two at each angle. Outside of the covered gallery on each side stood "Sixteen solid Piramids, rounded at the top in form of a Dome [prangs], above fourty foot high, above twelve foot square, placed in a Line like a row of great Pillars." Pere Tachard was so impressed by Wat Phra Ram that he said, "We never saw a Fabrick no not in France, where Symmetry is better observed, either for the body of the Building, or the Ornaments about it, than in this Pagod." 51 Since the description does not resemble the depiction in the oil painting of Iudea (c. 1650) or that in the Vingboons atlas of 1665, the "Grande Pagode," as described by Pere Tachard (Fig. 13), must have been constructed between 1665 and 1685, which falls in the reign of King Narai. According to the "Phanchanthanumat (Choem) version," King Borommakot had Wat Phra Ram repaired in 1741. It took over a year to complete. 52 The reconstruction of 1741-1742 saw the removal of the sixteen pillar-like prangs aligned on each face outside of the enclosure gallery. In their places were constructed two large wihans, whose rear porches intrude into the covered gallery to the east and west of the prang (Fig. 14). The four corner chedis on the first platform were demolished. The nine alternating chedis and prangs on each side of the second platform were removed and the height of the platform raised. The stairs on the north and south sides were taken down. The north and south arms of the Greek cross plan were transformed into two prangs with their entrance porches facing east (Fig. 15). The raised second platform now supports ten miniature chedis on the northern and southern sides and twelve on the eastern and western sides. Through a comparison of Wat Phra Ram as described by Pere Tachard with the monument we see today, it can be inferred that the four corner chedis of the third platform may well have been the only constructions from King Narai's reign that have not undergone structural changes. Thus, most of the Wat Phra Ram we see today date from the restoration of 1741-1742. Since Wat Phra Ram, Wat Ratchaburana, Wat Mahathat and Wat Phutthaisawan all assumed their present forms in the 18th century, we shall have to look elsewhere for examples of the First sub-period (1350-1488) of Ayudhya art. (To be continued in the next issue of the Journal of the Siam Society.)
Page 3 and 4: The Journal of the Siam Society VOL
Page 5 and 6: THE SIAM SOCIETY PATRON VICE-PATRON
Page 7 and 8: In This Issue The Siam Society Unde
Page 9 and 10: 7 Section V : Aspects of Ayudhya 57
Page 11 and 12: SECTION I HER MAJESTY THE QUEEN
Page 13 and 14: HER MAJESTY QUEEN SIRIKIT BONNIE DA
Page 15 and 16: SECTION II PEOPLE AND EVENTS
Page 17 and 18: HONORS TO DISTINGUISHED PERSONS Dr.
Page 19: SECTION III A CONTEMPORARY LETTER A
Page 22 and 23: Mr. Prakaipet lndhusophon
Page 24 and 25: 22 Mao Zedong and Mr. Prakaipet exc
Page 26 and 27: A CONTEMPORARY LETTER BY AN ENGLISH
Page 28 and 29: 26 ment But for time to come, if th
Page 30 and 31: 28 , . q ;:?:. -' ./ ,. .,. / ,. /
Page 32 and 33: 30 ,4 " l'· , ·'1': .,. • I~ '-
Page 34: 32 /"' l.--. .. ,~ ...... - / ~,..
Page 38 and 39: 36 0 fi CJl
Page 40 and 41: (>) 00 Fig. 1 "Plan de la Ville de
Page 42 and 43: 40 ~0 M • kl rex r!l or::g;l3 Oe>
Page 44 and 45: 42 Fig. 4 Wat Phutthai Sawan from t
Page 46 and 47: ;!::> ;!::> Fig. 6 A water-colour c
Page 48 and 49: 46 Fig. 7 Plan of Wat Mahathat, Ayu
Page 52 and 53: (Jl 0 Fig. 11 "Siam ou Iudia Capita
Page 54 and 55: • • • • • • • • •
Page 56 and 57: 52 Fig. 13 A conjectural elevation
Page 58 and 59: 54 ENDNOTES 1. Prince Damrong Rajan
Page 61: SECTION V ASPECTS OF AYUDHYA
Page 64 and 65: 60 Whatever the case was, this posi
Page 66 and 67: 62 welcomed by Narai and his counse
Page 68 and 69: 64 The fact that the last book on S
Page 70 and 71: 66 common language in religious mat
Page 72 and 73: 68 the waxing moon in the eighth mo
Page 75 and 76: MADAME MARIE GUIMARD Under the Ayud
Page 77: 73 Foreign Affairs, and later becam
Page 80 and 81: 76 of its location, court policies
Page 82 and 83: 78 1380s and that in 1419 Ryukyuan
Page 85 and 86: AYUDHYA AND ITS PLACE IN PRE-MODERN
Page 87 and 88: 83 These sacred centres eventually
Page 89 and 90: 85 Muang Sing were extraordinarily
Page 91: SECTION VI OTHER ARTICLES
Page 94 and 95: 90 the move into Terengganu also ap
Page 96 and 97: 92 His Majesty's kingdom is under a
Page 98 and 99: 94 period. It is evident in both th
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96 Autograph Chronicle). 71 Two yea
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98 Ratchasena of W. Phaomani, Thaha
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100 ENDNOTES 1 "Phraratchaphongsawa
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102 75 W.C. Dodd, The Tai Race: The
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THE WAT SRI CHUM JATAKA GLOSSES REC
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107 languiw -lagnuiw - lan(n)uiw MM
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109 &c. is gan 'person' [17, 18], t
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111 17 'ja t' e~ sak mic 20 ku twas
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113 sis, 1978. 8 Gosling, 1988, op.
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115 Context A: Gloss-initial 2601.
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117 Context A 4301 601 17.1 13.1 41
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No. Sd.32 Title lines ISP CIV Fourn
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121 Jataka No. ISP CI V Foumereau J
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123 INDEX This index lists all lemm
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san 3.3 hii 3.3; 5.4; 23.8; 24.7; 4
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128 dhism became dominant. Thus, th
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NOTES AND COMMENTS TWO PORTS OF SUV
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..·
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136 to four "incalculables" (asaizk
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138 to Hofinger's earlier study, Le
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140 Joy for the World: A Buddhist P
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142 goodness": it should rather be
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144 Louis XIV et le Siam DIRK VAN D
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146 Anderson: 11 "In view of her [M
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148 The different Frenchmen in the
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150 position that he could not see
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152 its neighbors, and particularly
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154 the political ascendance of Asa
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156 querade of having to pay homage
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158 possibility of diffusion in thi
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160 Cesare Ferro and Luang Sora/akl
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162 This resulted in a revival of t
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SECTION IX IN MEMORIAM
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ACHARN KRAISRI NIMMANAHAEMINDA 12 D
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LIS I ()~ \IE\IRF.RS
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~tr-. Uo Khtn Mu»lF Crak • \ lr
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l)r S.sr..:h1h1.~u Mtl,uo~a· \lr J
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0. ~ Sn~. \tMru \1t \urapo.'t')f '-
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INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS The Jo
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.. :.'1}--..,u s toms ' ambodia pub
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All Rights Reserved The Siam Societ
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Acknowledgments For photographs, gr
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6 cretism of Thai religion are rela
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8 MONKS AND MEDIUMS: RELIGIOUS SYNC
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A REVISED DATING OF AYUDHYA ARCHITE
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A REVISED DATING OF A YUDHYA ARCHIT
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A REVISED DATING OF A YUDHYA ARCHIT
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED DATING FOR THAI I
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COMPUTER-ASSISTED DATING FOR THAI I
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SECTION II ASPECTS OF LAW AND RELIG
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34 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS CHAPTER I
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36 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS herent, ho
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38 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS then analy
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40 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS Further in
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42 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS There are
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44 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS II. THE EA
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46 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS reliance o
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48 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS ter to agr
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50 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS TRANSLATIO
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52 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS person, el
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54 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS 4. There i
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56 VON MEHREN AND SAWERS tional and
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RELIGION AND FAMILY LAW IN BURMA AY
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RELIGION AND FAMILY LAW IN BURMA 61
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68 PETER SKILLING list based on Sin
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70 PETER SKILLING PART II 1. Lists
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72 PETER SKILLING Dl3. chu srin mak
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74 PETER SKILLING E44. zhags pa100
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76 PETER SKILLING [B19 animal] D24-
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78 PETER SKILLING 24For the latter,
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K'LA AND THE CATHOLICS OF CHIANG MA
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THEBUDDHAUNDERNAGA Animism, Hinduis
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THE BUDDHA UNDER NAGA 91 lightened
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THE BUDDHA UNDER NAGA 93 Figure 1.
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THE BUDDHA UNDER NAGA 95 Figure 5.
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98 MARJORIE A. MUECKE to take posse
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100 MARJORIE A. MUECKE The mutual b
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102 MARJORIE A. MUECKE d d d Three
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104 MARJORIE A. MUECKE REFERENCES B
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106 MARY L. GROW anyone else from c
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108 MARY L. GROW Fig. 1. Women perf
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110 MARYL. GROW While elderly women
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112 MARY L. GROW REFERENCES ANUMAN
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114 JAMES L. TAYLOR pamsukulika) an
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116 JAMES L. TAYLOR Naresuan and hi
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118 JAMES L. TAYLOR movement with t
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120 JAMES L. TAYLOR founded. then a
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122 JAMES L. TAYLOR RAY AAN), SOMDE
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SILVER COINS: EVIDENCE FOR MINING A
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SILVER COINS: EVIDENCE FOR MINING A
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SECTION IV LITERATURE
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132 KLAUS WENK said that courtiers
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134 KLAUS WENK tive state of mind-w
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136 GEORGE SIORIS further afield in
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138 GEORGE SIORIS companion neverth
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140 GEORGE SIORIS the end. A consta
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THAI CLASSICAL MUSIC COMES TO AMERI
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SECTION VI ETHNOLOGY
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152 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON be applied
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154 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON Hors du con
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156 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON enseigne. 1
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158 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON Torsions. D
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160 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON La premiere
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162 NATHALIE BECQUIGNON mais aussi
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SECTION VII LINGUISTICS
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168 ROBERT J. PARKIN 2. ber, beh. Y
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SECTION VIII REVIEWS
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REVIEWS 173 into territories until
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REVIEWS 175 favourable to France, w
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REVIEWS 177 II The year 1992 marks
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REVIEWS 179 I feel that something m
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REVIEWS 181 and the response on the
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INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS The Jo
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The Journal of the Siam Society Vol. LXXX, Part 1-2, 1992 - Khamkoo

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