Petition to List Lynn Canal Pacific Herring under the Endangered ...

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Figure 5: Pacific Herring spawning beaches documented in the 1950s (Figure from Skud 1959). Numbers correspond to the following localities: 1) Idaho Inlet, 2) Mud Bay, 3) Flynn Cove, 4) Port Frederick, 5) Douglas Island, 6) Spuhn Island, 7) Coglahn Island, 8) Auke Bay, 9) Auke Cape, 10) Point Louisa, 11) Point Lena, 12) Lena Cove, 13) Point Stephens, 14) Tee Harbor, 15) Pearl Harbor, 16) Eagle Harbor, 17) Eagle River, 18) Mainland near Benjamin Island, 19) Bridget Cove, 20) Echo Cove, Berners Bay, 21) Flat Bay, 22) Nudik Point, 23) Tanani Point. 8
e) Larval and Juvenile Rearing Habitat The distribution of juvenile Lynn Canal Herring is not well known. The best available evidence suggests that juveniles do not stray far from their natal, shallow water habitats. Other populations of Pacific Herring may disperse to deeper offshore waters to mature (NMFS 2005c), but Lynn Canal Herring reside year-round in nearshore waters (Carlson 1980). Little specific information exists on the larval and juvenile distribution of herring in Lynn Canal, although Haldorson et al. (1990) noted the seasonal abundance of larval herring in Auke Bay is coincident with spring peaks in copepod abundance. It is generally thought that after hatching, herring larvae are locally retained in nearshore waters close to their natal spawning grounds, where they feed and grow in the protective cover of shallow water habitats. Larval metamorphosis occurs in late July through early September, with schools of juvenile herring observed in the head of Auke Bay in late August (Jones 1978 and Ziemann and Fulton-Bennett 1990). Juvenile herring 1 to 2 years of age are thought to be more dispersed in surface schools throughout Lynn Canal than are adult populations (personal communication, Mark Sigler, NMFS). (Williams et al. 2004). D. Life History of Pacific Herring This section describes the life history of Pacific Herring species generally. Specific information about the Lynn Canal Herring population is provided where available. Lastly, information about Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) is included where comparison is appropriate. 1. Reproduction and Development Adult Pacific Herring spawn in shallow sub-tidal and inter-tidal areas along shorelines (Lassuy, 1989, Hay and McCarter 1997). Eggs are deposited on kelp, eelgrass (Zostera marina) and other available structures. Pacific herring larvae drift in ocean currents after hatching and are abundant in shallow nearshore waters. After 2 to 3 months, larvae metamorphose into juveniles that form large schools and remain primarily in nearshore shallow-water areas during the first summer. The general life history of Pacific Herring is depicted in Figure 6 below. 9
Page 1 and 2: BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE PE
Page 3 and 4: NOTICE OF PETITION Carlos M. Gutier
Page 5 and 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction.....
Page 7 and 8: V. Vulnerability to Extinction ....
Page 9 and 10: INTRODUCTION The Lynn Canal populat
Page 11 and 12: define Pacific Herring along North
Page 13 and 14: Lynn Canal Herring Figure 4: Major
Page 15: Herring schools concentrated at 52
Page 19 and 20: For a comparison, Abookire et al. (
Page 21 and 22: II. ABUNDANCE AND TREND OF LYNN CAN
Page 23 and 24: Cascade Point and adjacent areas of
Page 25 and 26: (ADFG 2005-Juneau Update #10). A su
Page 27 and 28: Skud (1959) Table 1: Spawning beach
Page 29 and 30: A single DPS that includes the popu
Page 31 and 32: Leon (1993) detected statistically
Page 33 and 34: (USFWS-NMFS 1980: 7). Carlson showe
Page 35 and 36: tolerance optima. Locally different
Page 37 and 38: Sockeye Salmon, Waples et al. (1991
Page 39 and 40: themselves. Likewise, Lynn Canal He
Page 41 and 42: definable area (Booke, 1981); and (
Page 43 and 44: Based on the results of the present
Page 45 and 46: eflect recent colonization historie
Page 47 and 48: demonstration of monophyly, which a
Page 49 and 50: present and threatened destruction,
Page 51 and 52: supplies to and from the mine. The
Page 53 and 54: (NMFS 2005: 107). a) Contamination
Page 55 and 56: 2. Juneau Access Improvement Projec
Page 57 and 58: (Holmberg 1996). The Field Supervis
Page 59 and 60: Figure 11: Cumulative impacts of de
Page 61 and 62: A NMFS species profile for Pacific
Page 63 and 64: The unifying feature between two di
Page 65 and 66: net air-sea CO2 exchange, fishery y
Page 67 and 68:
population’s reproductive potenti
Page 69 and 70:
Described sounds fall into three ca
Page 71 and 72:
The ESA requires the NMFS to use th
Page 73 and 74:
Blejwas, K.M. and E.A. Mathews. 200
Page 75 and 76:
Hay, D.E., P.B. McCarter, and K.S.
Page 77 and 78:
http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/Other-Marin
Page 79 and 80:
Defining and implementing best avai
Page 81 and 82:
analysis showed that over 99% of th
Page 83 and 84:
One important result of this study
Page 85 and 86:
Esquimault Harbour / Portage Inlet
Page 87 and 88:
studies. However, beyond the genera
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Petition to List Lynn Canal Pacific Herring under the Endangered ...

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