NetWare and AppleTalk protocols

Unit 7 

NetWare and AppleTalk 

Overview 

Description 

Novell created NetWare in the early 1980’s and was the first network 

operating system available. The AppleTalk protocol became the standard 

networking operating system for the Apple Macintosh since the PC’s 

introduction in the mid-1980’s. Most network hardware and software 

support NetWare and AppleTalk protocols. 

This unit will: 

• Describe NetWare and AppleTalk addressing schemes. 

• Graphically represent how these protocols fall into the OSI model. 

• Summarize the functions of each protocol within the NetWare and 

AppleTalk protocol suites. 

Unit Table of Contents 

This unit contains the following lesson: 

Lesson Pages Length 

Lesson 7-1: NetWare and AppleTalk Protocols 316-344 5 hours 

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Unit 7::NetWare and Apple Talk Protocols 

Lesson 7-1: NetWare and AppleTalk Protocols 

At a Glance 

NetWare and AppleTalk protocols have components that fall into each of 

the OSI model’s seven layers. However, the strict segregation of the OSI 

layers is not followed. In both protocol stacks, there are multiple protocols 

within each OSI layer and at times, protocols that spread across multiple 

layers. 

Both NetWare and AppleTalk have addressing schemes and routing 

procedures that differ from the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is important to 

understand these basic differences when working in either a NetWare or 

AppleTalk environment. 

What You Will Learn 

After completing this lesson, you will be able to do the following: 

• Illustrate where the NetWare protocol suite maps to the OSI model. 

• Contrast IPX RIP and NLSP. 

• Illustrate where the AppleTalk protocols maps to the OSI model. 

• Illustrate how an AppleTalk node acquires its network address. 

• Describe AARP and RTMP. 

• Configure a Nortel Networks router for AppleTalk. 

• Configure a Nortel Networks router for IPX. 

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Lesson 7-1:NetWare and Apple Talk Protocols 

Tech Talk 

• Client—A workstation in a Novell NetWare network. 

• Full-duplex Transmissions—Communication in both directions between 

the sender and the receiver, with the Data-Stream Protocol. 

• Hop Count—The number of routers or nodes a packet passes through 

on its way to its destination. Used to determine the best route by 

which to transmit a packet. 

• Names Directory—A directory of all the individual nodes’ names tables 

across the network that is maintained by Name Binding Protocol. 

• Names Table—A table in which each node stores the name of a service 

associated with the service’s network address. 

• Network—For AppleTalk, a single logical group of AppleTalk nodes 

connected together by cable. 

• Node—Any device attached to an AppleTalk network, for example, 

computer, printer, router, or IBM compatible PC. 

• Non-seed Router—For AppleTalk, a router that waits and listens for a 

seed router and then uses the configuration information from the first 

seed router it hears. After it gathers the configuration information it 

begins to participate in the network. 

• Seed Router—For AppleTalk, a router that initializes the network with 

the configuration information entered by the network administrator. 

• Socket—The logical point within a node where the upper layers of the 

AppleTalk protocols interact with the network layer. 

• Zone—Either a logical group of nodes or a group of networks defined by 

the network manager. 

AppleTalk Introduction 

In the early 1980’s, Apple Computer introduced its Macintosh line of 

personal computers. The Macintosh was Apple’s first computer that 

rivaled other business computers of the day. With this in mind, Apple saw 

a need for a Macintosh-based network protocol, allowing small workgroups 

the ability to share resources and files within an office or school setting. 

The first version of this proprietary network protocol suite was called 

AppleTalk Phase 1. Phase I was designed only to support the small 

workgroup. As the Macintosh grew in popularity, Apple saw the need to 

expand AppleTalk to allow for larger networks and routing capabilities. 

This realization lead to the release of AppleTalk Phase 2. 

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AppleTalk Components 

AppleTalk is based on a hierarchical arrangement with four components: 

• Sockets—The logical point within a node where the upper layers of the 

AppleTalk protocols interact with the network layer. A node may have 

more than one socket. Sockets are used to send and receive datagrams 

to and from the network layer. A socket is equivalent to the TCP/IP 

port. 

• Nodes—Any device attached to an AppleTalk network, for example, 

computer, printer, router, or IBM compatible PC. 

• Networks—A single logical group of AppleTalk nodes connected 

together by either cable. A network may be a member of multiple 

zones. 

• Zones—Either a logical group of nodes or a group of networks defined 

by the network manager, for example, Marketing Department. 

AppleTalk Components 

Node 

Node 

Laser 

Printer 

Socket 

Node 

Network A 

Router 

Node 

ZONE 

Network B 

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AppleTalk Network Addressing 

Each time a new AppleTalk device starts up, the device is assigned a 

temporary network address. The device then sends out a broadcast 

message across the network announcing its temporary address. 

Node A Broadcasts Its Temporary Network Address 

A B C 

100.2? Node A 100.2 100.3 

Address 

100.2 Network 1 

If the address is currently being used by another node on the network, that 

node sends back a response indicating that the network number is not 

available. 

Node B Responds That the Address is in Use 

A B C 

100.2? NO! 100.2 100.3 

Node B 

is 100.2 Network 1 

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The new device is then assigned another address and the process starts 

over until the device no longer receives responses back indicating a conflict. 

The network address is then stored for use the next time the device is 

turned on. 

Node A Changes Its Network Number 

A B C 

100.1 100.2 100.3 

Network 1 

The network number is composed of two parts separated by periods. 

• The network number is a 16-bit value that ranges from 0 to 65,535. It 

identifies on what network the device rest. 

• The node number is an 8-bit value that ranges from 0 to 255. It 

identifies the specific node that is attached to the network. 

AppleTalk Network Address Fields 

16 Bit 8 Bit 

Network Node 

100 10 

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Check Your Understanding 

♦ Name and define the four components of an AppleTalk 

internetwork. 

♦ Diagram how an AppleTalk node acquires its network address. 

AppleTalk Protocols 

The AppleTalk protocol suite includes 16 different protocols, with a 

protocol represented in every layer of the OSI model. Each of these 

protocols is summarized in the following pages. 

AppleTalk Protocols and the OSI Model 

OSI 

Application 

AppleTalk 

AppleShare 

Presentation 

AFP 

Session 

PAP 

ASP 

ZIP 

ADSP 

Transport 

AEP 

NBP 

AURP 

ATP 

RTMP 

Network 

Data Link 

Physical 

Ether- 

Talk 

Ethernet 

Adapter 

DDP 

Token- 

Talk 

TokenTalk 

Adapter 

AARP 

Local- 

Talk 

LocaTalk 

Adapter 

FDDI- 

Talk 

FDDI 

Adapter 

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AppleTalk Data Link Layer Protocols 

AppleTalk was originally designed to operate over Apple’s proprietary LAN 

protocol, LocalTalk, which was designed to allow workstations to be 

connected to Apple’s LaserWriter printer. The transmission speed of the 

LocalTalk cabling system is very low, only 230.4 Kbits/second. AppleTalk 

now supports Ethernet, token ring, and FDDI in addition to LocalTalk. 

AppleTalk’s data link layer protocols attempt, but do not guarantee, to 

provide error-free transmission of data frames from the physical layer 

interface (for example, LocalTalk or Ethernet) to the network layer. 

There are four data link protocols corresponding to specific physical layer 

interfaces. 

• LocalTalk Link Access Protocol (LLAP) 

• EtherTalk Link Access Protocol (ELAP) 

• TokenTalk Link Access Protocol (TLAP) 

• FDDITalk Link Access Protocol (FLAP) 

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AppleTalk Network Layer Protocols 

There are two protocols that rest in the network layer, AppleTalk Address- 

Resolution Protocol (AARP) and Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP). 

• AARP—This protocol is AppleTalk’s version of the TCP/IP Address 

Resolution Protocol, ARP. It is the job of AARP to associate a node’s 

hardware address with its network address. When the protocol 

receives a packet transmission, it specifies the network address to 

which the packet will be sent. AARP learns the hardware addresses of 

the network nodes by issuing a request for information and receiving 

responses back from each network node. Each node maintains an 

address-mapping table that stores the associated hardware and 

network addresses. The node’s table is updated each time AARP 

resolves a network and hardware address association. 

• DDP—The Datagram Delivery Protocol is AppleTalk’s connectionless 

routing protocol. As with the data link layer protocols, there are no 

guarantees for error-free delivery of packets by DDP. It receives and 

transmits frames from the data link layer. DDP adds a header with the 

destination address and then sends the packet to the appropriate data 

link protocol. It also reads the DDP header on frames received from the 

data link layer and routes the packet to the appropriate socket. 

The DDP Packet 

Bits 

DDP Header 

1 1 4 10 16 16 16 8 8 8 8 8 DATA 

Type 

Source Socket 

Destination Socket 

Source Address 

Destination Address 

Source Network 

Destination Network 

0 

0 

Length 

Hop Count 

Checksum 

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AppleTalk Transport Layer Protocols 

There are five protocols that rest in the transport layer. 

• AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP)—This transport layer protocol 

transmits packets that test if a network node is reachable. AEP sends 

a request packet to the DDP at the source node. The DDP adds to the 

packet the destination address and adds in the Type field that the 

packet is an AEP request. The DDP at the destination node reads the 

packet and determines that the packet is an AEP request. It then 

copies the packet, changes the Type field to AEP reply, and sends the 

packet back to the source node. 

• AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP)—ATP is AppleTalk’s connectionoriented 

protocol that sends a transaction request to begin a 

connection. The sending node sends a transaction request to the 

receiver to begin a connection. The receiver then returns a transaction 

response back to the sending node. After each packet of the message is 

sent to the receiving node, a transaction release is sent back to the 

sending node. Through this method, ATP performs important functions 

such as acknowledgement, retransmission, and packet sequencing. 

• Name Binding Protocol (NBP)—All sockets within the network nodes 

are referred to as Network-Visible Entities (NVEs). NVEs are network 

resources such as a print service. NBP allows these services to be 

assigned a name, which eliminates the need for users to remember the 

network, node and socket addresses for each individual service. Each 

node maps the name of a service to its network address and stores this 

information in a names table. The NBP maintains a names directory of 

all the individual nodes’ tables across the network. 

• AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol (AURP)—This transport 

layer protocol allows AppleTalk networks to be connected using TCP/IP 

to form an AppleTalk WAN. 

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• Routing Table Maintenance Protocol (RTMP)—RTMP creates and 

maintains routing tables on AppleTalk routers. It is based on the 

Routing Information Protocol and uses hop counts, the number of 

routers or nodes a packet passes through on its way to its destination, 

to determine the best route by which to transmit a packet. The routing 

table records the distance (hop count), the port, the next hop, and the 

entry state for each network. 

RTMP Routing Table 

Port 2 

Network A 

Port 1 Router A 

Port 3 

Router B 

Network B 

Network Distance Port Next Entry 

Hop State 

A 0 2 0 Good 

B 0 1 0 Good 

C 1 3 Router B Good 

Network C 

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AppleTalk Session Layer Protocols 

Within the session layer, AppleTalk has four protocols. 

• AppleTalk Session Protocol (ASP)—ASP is responsible for opening, 

maintaining, and closing sessions between AppleTalk clients and 

servers. 

• Printer Access Protocol (PAP)—PAP allows client nodes to establish a 

connection with a print server. PAP uses NBP to discover the network 

address of a particular server. Since PAP can support multiple 

simultaneous connections with client nodes, a printer server can 

process several jobs at once. 

• AppleTalk Data-Stream Protocol (ADSP)—AppleTalk is capable of 

providing full-duplex transmissions, communication in both directions 

between the sender and the receiver, with the Data-Stream Protocol. 

ADSP guarantees packets are sequenced correctly and not duplicated. 

• Zone Information Protocol (ZIP)—Just as the NBP maps names to 

addresses, ZIP maps network numbers to one or more zone names. ZIP 

creates and maintains a zone information table (ZIT) on AppleTalk 

routers. 

Zone Information Table (ZIT) 

Network 

Number 

Zones 

100 Administration 

101-102 Science and Math 

Departments 

103 Language Arts 

104 Social Sciences 

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♦ Summarize AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol. 

♦ Diagram an AppleTalk Network Zone with four networks and at 

least two routers. Label all the entities of the networks and the 

zone. Make an RTMP routing table for one of the routers. 

AppleTalk Presentation and Application Layer Protocols 

There are two protocols that rest either in the presentation layer or the 

application layer of the OSI model. 

• The AppleTalk Filing Protocol (AFP)—This protocol is located in the 

presentation layer. AFP allows nodes to share files across the network. 

• AppleShare—AppleShare is Apple’s network server software that 

allows any Macintosh to become a server for a network. It operates in 

the application layer of the OSI model and works over either TCP/IP or 

AppleTalk. It allows users to access information via an AppleTalk 

network, an intranet, or the Internet. 

NetWare Introduction 

NetWare was created by Novell in the early 1980’s. It was originally 

derived from an existing set of protocols created at Xerox’s Palo Alto 

Research Center in the 1970’s called XNS. By the early 1990’s it was in 

use by over 60% of local area networks. Despite its popularity it did not 

support the TCP/IP protocol suite. In response to this need, Novell added 

TCP/IP support to their NetWare version 4. 

NetWare Components 

NetWare is based on a client-server architecture. Clients are the 

workstations of a network. Nodes refer to any network device, such as a 

router or a workstation. Using various NetWare protocols, clients are able 

to request services from servers, for example, file sharing and printer 

availability. 

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NetWare Internetwork Addressing 

The internetwork address of a node is comprised of three parts: 

• The network address is an 8-digit hexadecimal number that ranges 

from 00000001 to FFFFFFFD. It identifies on what network cable the 

node resides. 

• The node number is the physical MAC address either assigned by the 

vendor or manually configured by the network manager. It is 

represented by a 12-digit hexadecimal number. 

• The socket number is a 4-digit hexadecimal number, used to represent 

the source and destination of a packet. Sockets are registered and 

reserved through Novell. 

NetWare Internetwork Address 

8-digit Hexadecimal 



Network 

8b7c9e5d 

Node 

5b3c884f5a78 

Socket 

0128 

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NetWare Protocols 

The NetWare protocol suite operates in five of the seven layers of the OSI 

model. Eight protocols will be summarized in the following pages. These 

protocols operate over Ethernet, token ring, FDDI, ARCnet, and PPP. 

NetWare Protocols and the OSI Model 

OSI 

NetWare 

Application 

SAP 

NDS 

NCP 

RPC 

Presentation 

Net Bios 

Emulator 

Netware 

Shell 

NCP 

RPC 

Session 

Net Bios 

Emulator 

Netware 

Shell 

NCP 

RPC 

Transport 

IPX 

SPX 

Network 

Data Link 

Physical 

NLSP IPX RIP 

Token ARC 

Ethernet Ring FDDI Net PPP 

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NetWare Network Layer Protocols 

There are three protocols that reside in the network layer of the OSI 

model. 

• IPX Routing Information Protocol (IPX RIP)—IPX RIP is a distancevector 

protocol that uses within NetWare the Best Information 

Algorithm (BIA) to build routing tables. BIA states that no router will 

transmit routing information back to the network from which the 

information was received and that routers will only transmit 

information about incoming networks. RIP packets are encapsulated, 

or included as a whole, within IPX and have a socket value of 0453h. 

IPX routers broadcast routing information every sixty seconds to 

update all local area network routing tables. 

• NetWare Link Service Protocol (NLSP)—This protocol was developed to 

eventually replace the Routing Information Protocol (RIP). It is a 

routing protocol that was derived from link-state routing and has many 

of the same features. NLSP exchanges information about costs of 

paths, IPX network numbers and network links. It builds and 

maintains routing tables. NLSP compresses the IPX header to reduce 

the size of packets. RIP can only forward packets across a maximum of 

15 hops; NLSP forwards packets across 127 hops. NLSP does not, 

however, update every 60 seconds as RIP does, rather it only updates 

routing tables when there is a change in the topology or service. NLSP 

also sends routing information only to other NLSP routers, not to all 

devices as does RIP. 

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Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)—This is an internetworking protocol 

that uses a connectionless datagram service to route packets from the data 

link layer to the upper protocol layers. It is very similar to the Internet 

Protocol (IP) of the TCP/IP protocol suite. IPX uses either RIP or NLSP to 

update routing tables every 60 seconds. It also acts as an interface 

between the NetWare operating system and the client software. IPX takes 

data from the client software or operating system and formats it for use by 

the data link layer. IPX packets have a data area and a 30-byte header. 

The IPX Datagram Packet 

2 2 11 4 6 2 4 6 2 DATA 

Source Network 

Destination Socket 

Destination Node 

Destination Network 

Packet Type 

Transport Control 

Packet Length 

Checksum 

Source Socket 

Source Node 

Much of the datagram structure is self-explanatory, but there are a few 

sections that need defining. 

• Checksum—A calculated value used to test data for errors. 

• Packet Length—Indicates the length in bytes of the packet. 

• Transport Control—The number of routers a packet passes through 

before it is discarded. 

• Packet Type—Indicates what service created the packet, for example, 

RIP. 

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NetWare Transport Layer Protocols 

In addition to IPX, the Sequence Packet Exchange is also present in the 

transport layer. SPX is used for peer-to-peer communications and is 

responsible for the transport layer functions of the NetWare protocol suite. 

It is a connection-oriented service that establishes and maintains 

connections between source and destination nodes. SPX is responsible for 

sequencing packets to arrive at the destination in order. 

NetWare Session Layer Protocols 

Along with the NetBIOS emulator, which allows NetWare to mimic the 

NetBIOS system, and the NetWare Shell, there are two other protocols in 

the session layer, the NetWare Core Protocol and the Remote Procedure 

Call. 

• NetWare Shell—The NetWare Shell operates as a middleman between 

application requests, DOS (Disk Operating System), and the network. 

The shell intercepts a request and determines if the request is for the 

workstation’s hard drive or for the network. If the request is for the 

hard drive, the shell passes the request onto DOS. If the request is for 

a network, the request goes through a connection table maintained by 

the shell. The shell converts the request from a DOS request to a 

NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) request. An IPX packet is then built to 

send the request to the server across the network. 

• NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)—This protocol resides in the session, 

presentation, and application layers. NCP provides services that 

handle requests between the server and the client, e.g. printer 

requests. It was originally designed for use on local area networks 

where printers, servers, and clients are close together. It is less 

efficient over wide area networks. 

• Remote Procedure Call (RPC)—This is another protocol, similar to 

NetWare Shell, that redirects requests. It resides in the session, 

presentation, and application layers of the OSI model. 

NetWare Application Layer Protocols 

Besides NCP and RPC, which also reside in lower layers, the application 

layer has two more NetWare protocols. 

• Service Advertisement Protocol (SAP)—Servers and printers use SAP 

to advertise their network addresses and services available across the 

network. Network routers build SAP tables of the known services 

offered by network resources. The router broadcasts the SAP table 

across the network every 60 seconds. Clients can send a request to a 

router for specific network services. The router responds to these 

requests with the network address of the service device, for example, 

the printer. 

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• NetWare Directory Service (NDS)—Rather than use SAP to locate 

network resources, a client may access the same information using 

NDS. NDS is a database that contains information about network 

resources including users, groups, servers, and printers. The database 

is maintained on an NDS server. With the introduction of NDS, SAP is 

used less frequently. 


♦ Describe the differences and similarities between IPX RIP and 

NLSP. 

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Try It Out 

Configuring AppleTalk 

In this lab you will learn to: 

• Configure AppleTalk using the Nortel Networks ARN router. 

• Verify proper AppleTalk operation using the Statistics Manager within 

Site Manager. 

During this lab, work in teams of three. Record your experiences, results, 

speculations, and conclusions in your portfolio. Write a summary of the lab. 

Materials Needed: 

• Nortel Networks' Advanced Remote Node (ARN) Router 

• Classroom Network 

• Windows 95 PC 

• Site Manager 

• Any Word Processor (e.g., MS Word) 

• Pen/Pencil and Paper 

• Student Portfolio 

Part One: Configuring AppleTalk 

1. Open Site Manager from the Start/Program menu. 

2. Click Tools. 

3. Click Configuration Manager. 

4. Click Dynamic Mode. 

5. Select the WAN circuit you want to configure. 

6. When the Edit Connector window appears, click Edit Circuit. 

7. Click Protocols. 

8. Click Add/Delete. 

9. When the Select Protocols window appears, select AppleTalk. 

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10. Click OK. 

11. When the AppleTalk Interface Configuration window appears, select 

ENABLE. 

12. Configure one of the routers as a seed router. 

a. Based on the lab topology diagram provided by your Teacher, enter 

the appropriate values for both the Network Start and Network 

End parameters.(Has this AppleTalk Zone topology map been 

created, is it available for review?) 

b. Enter the appropriate name for the Default Zone parameter. 

c. Set the Enable parameter to ENABLE. 

13. Click Apply. 

14. Click Done. 

15. Click File. 

16. Click Exit. 

17. Configure the other router as a non-seed router. 

a. Set the Enable parameter to ENABLE within the AppleTalk 

Interface Configuration window. 

b. Click Apply. 

c. Click Done. 

d. Click File. 

e. Click Exit. 

Part Two: Verifying AppleTalk Operation 

1. Click Tools to open Statistics Manager. 

2. Click Statistics Manager. 

3. From the Statistics Manager window, click Tools. 

4. Click Screen Manager. 

5. Using the Screen Manager, add the following default AppleTalk screens 

to the Current Screen List: 

a. AT_MAIN.DAT 

b. AT_RTMP.DAT 

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c. AT_ZIP.DAT 

d. AT_AARP.DAT 

e. AT_TARP.DAT 

f. AT_TDDP.DAT 

6. From the knowledge you have gained from this lesson and previous 

lessons, identify which protocols are addressed by these screens and 

make an entry in your notes about this lab. If there are any screens 

that you are unfamiliar with, research them before you write your 

summary of this lab. Make screen shots for your portfolio as needed. 

7. Click OK to return to the Statistics Manager. 


9. Click Launch Facility. 

10. Select the first three AppleTalk screens in step 5. 

11. Click Launch. 

Part Three: Verifying AppleTalk Operation 

1. To use the Site Manager AppleTalk Ping, Click Administration. 

2. Click Ping from router. 

3. Click AppleTalk. 

4. In the AppleTalk Ping window, type the appletalk network.host address 

for the AppleTalk router at the other end of the WAN link. 

5. Click Ping. 

Rubric: Suggested Evaluation Criteria and Weightings 

Criteria % Your Score 

Complete record of procedural results. 25 

Summary, analysis, synthesis and conclusions 50 

Organization and summary in format suitable for 

reproduction 

25 

TOTAL 100 

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Stretch Yourself 

Configuring IPX 

In this lab you will learn to: 

• Configure IPX using the Nortel Networks ARN router. 

• Verify proper IPX operation using the Statistics Manager within Site 

Manager. 

During this lab, work in teams of three. Record your experiences, results, 

speculations, and conclusions in your portfolio. Write a summary of the lab. 


• Nortel Networks' Advanced Remote Node (ARN) Router 

• Classroom Network 


• Site Manager 



• Student Portfolio 

Part One: Configuring IPX 

1. Open Site Manager from the Start/Programs menu. 


3. Click Configuration Manager. 

4. Click Dynamic. 

5. Edit the WAN circuit to be configured with IPX. 

a. Click Circuits. 

b. Click Edit Circuits. 

c. Select the connector you want use. 

d. Click the Edit button. 

6. In the Circuit Definition window, click Protocols. 

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7. Click Add/Delete. 

8. In the Select Protocols window, scroll down to where both IPX and 

RIP/SAP are displayed. 

9. Click IPX. 

10. Click RIP/SAP. 

11. Click OK. 

12. When the IPX Configuration window opens, perform the following 

steps: 

a. Enter the appropriate network address based on the lab topology 

provided by your teacher. (Again is this IPX lab map available for 

review?) 

b. Choose Ethernet_II for the Configured Encaps. 

c. Leave all other parameters at their default value. 

d. Click OK to return to the Circuit Definition window. 



15. Repeat steps 5 through 14 to configure a second circuit.(This would 

require a redundant WAN link between two routers in the lab topology, 

I do not believe this has been established in any previous labs which 

would negate this portion of the exercise, therefore this portion should 

be deleted or a redundant WAN link should be configured in a previous 

TCP/IP lab, ps. This would also require additional WAN serial cables) 

16. Edit the IPX global parameters and disable multiple host addressing. 

a. In the Configuration Manager window, click Protocols. 

b. Click IPX. 

c. Click Global. 

d. Click the Multiple Host Address Enable field. 

e. Click the Values button. 

f. Click Disable. 

g. Click OK. 

h. Click OK to exit the IPX Global Parameters window. 

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18. Click Save. 

19. Save the router’s configuration as ipx.cfg. 

Part Two: Verifying IPX Operations Using Default Statistics Screens 

1. Open Site Manager from the Start/Programs menu. 


3. Click Screen Manager. 

4. Using the Screen Manager, add the following default IPX screens to the 

Current Screen List. 

a. IPXBRT.DAT 

b. IPXMAIN.DAT 

c. IPXTRFC.DAT 

5. Identify what these DAT files do by selecting the file from the right 

column and make an entry in your notes about this lab. 

6. Click OK to return to the Statistics Manager window. 


8. Click Launch Facility. 

9. In the Statistics Launch Facility window, select the first three IPX 

screens listed in step 4. 

10. Click Launch. 

11. In the table provided below, record the information displayed in the 

IPX Main Information screen (IPXMAIN.DAT). 

Circuit Name Network Number MAC Address 



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14. Examine the IPX Routing Table by launching IPXBRT.DAT. 

a. What IPX networks are known? 

b. What IPX networks are directly connected to your router? 

15. Fill out the table below from the Routing Table displayed. 

Networks Protocol Next Hop 

Network 

Next Hop 

Host 

Ticks 

Hop 

s 



Complete record of procedural results. 25 

Summary, analysis, synthesis and conclusions 50 

Organization and summary in format suitable for 

reproduction 

25 

TOTAL 100 

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Network Wizards 

Compare NetWare and AppleTalk to TCP/IP 




• MS PowerPoint, or Transparencies, or Poster Board (optional) 


There are similarities and differences between the NetWare and AppleTalk 

protocol stacks and the TCP/IP protocol suite. 

Create an oral presentation as if you were a trainer on the comparisons 

between the three protocol suites. Make sure you have visuals to 

demonstrate the differences, remembering that you are the trainer and 

your students typically have no prior knowledge of the subject. Your 

visuals should be professional, for example, quality overhead 

transparencies or PowerPoint slides. 

Include in your presentation a follow up activity proposal that will help 

cement the information presented. This activity should be based on an inclass 

activity that lasts from 45-60 minutes. 



Analysis and synthesis of information 30 

Professional presentation and accompanying 

visuals 

Activity proposal reinforces presentation and is 

planned within the time limit. 

40 

30 

TOTAL 100 

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Summary 

In this lesson, you learned the following: 

• Where the NetWare protocol suite maps to the OSI model. 

• The contrast between IPX RIP and NLSP. 

• Where the AppleTalk protocol suite maps to the OSI model. 

• How an AppleTalk node acquires its network address. 

• The description of AARP and RTMP. 

• How to configure a Nortel Networks router for AppleTalk. 

• How to configure a Nortel Networks router for IPX. 

Review Questions 

Name ______________ 

Lesson 7-1: NetWare and AppleTalk Protocols 

Part A 

1. Diagram the relationship of the NetWare protocols to the OSI model. 

Part B 

1. Summarize the differences between the NetWare protocols, IPX RIP 

and SAP. 

Part C 

1. Diagram the relationship of the AppleTalk protocols to the OSI model. 

Part D 

1. Diagram how an AppleTalk node acquires its network address. 

2. Summarize the diagram in question #1 (Part D). 

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Part E 

1. Describe AARP. 

2. Describe RTMP. 

Scoring 



Part A: Illustrate where the NetWare protocol 

suite falls into the OSI model 

20 

Part B: Contrast IPX RIP and NLSP 20 

Part C: Illustrate where the AppleTalk 

protocols falls into the OSI model 

Part D: Illustrate how an AppleTalk node 

acquires its network address 

20 

20 

Part E: Describe AARP and RTMP 20 

TOTAL 100 

Try It Out: Configure a Nortel Networks 

router for AppleTalk 

Stretch Yourself: Configure a Nortel 

Networks router for IPX 

100 

100 

Network Wizards: 100 

FINAL TOTAL 400 

ST0025804A 343


Resources 

Apple Computer, Inc. (1989). AppleTalk and EtherTalk Packets: How They 

Work Together, Apple Computer Tech Info Library. Available Online: 

http://til.info.apple.com/tilarchive.nsf. 

Apple Computer, Inc. (1990). AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol 

(AARP): Description, Apple Computer Tech Info Library. Available Online: 

http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf/artnum/n5678. 

Apple Computer, Inc. (1997). AppleTalk Update-Based Routing Protocol 

(AURP), Apple Computer Tech Info Library. Available Online: 

http://til.info.apple.com/techinfo.nsf. 

Bay Networks. (1999). Accelerated Router Configuration: Router 

Specialist Certification Supplement, Bay Networks, Inc., Billerica, 

Massachusetts. 

Sheldon, T. (1998). Encyclopedia of Networking. Osborne/McGraw-Hill, 

Berkeley, California. 

344 

ST0025804A 

Routing

NetWare and AppleTalk protocols

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