status report - Office of Dietary Supplements - National Institutes of ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Goal 4: Advance scientific methods in the study of dietary supplements. Goal 5: Inform and educate scientists, health care providers, and the public about the benefits and risks of dietary supplements. The major activities of the ODS during its first years of operation, 1995 through fall 1998, are listed under the scientific goals that they support. Scientific publications and presentations that have resulted from the supported projects are given after the project description. Goal 1: Evaluate the role of dietary supplements in the prevention of disease and reduction of risk factors associated with disease. ACTIVITIES IN PROGRESS: Chronic Dental Disease and Cardiovascular Disease, A Scientific Study The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research and the ODS are cosponsoring a project at the Harvard University School of Dental Medicine that will examine the epidemiological relationship between oral health, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Researchers are exploring two possible mechanisms for the association: (1) that chronic dental infection could lead to increased levels of biomarkers known to be associated with CHD, and (2) that tooth loss could result in dietary changes that may be associated with increased risk of CHD. The study will examine dental health, diet, and nutrient supplement consumption data obtained from 51,529 men and 90,000 women enrolled in ongoing studies funded by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. This study has the potential to provide important new approaches for the early identification of risk factors, particularly dental health, that may help in the prevention of CHD and stroke. Starting date: 1998. Role of Antioxidants in Preventing Cataract Development in Persons with Diabetes, A Scientific Study The National Eye Institute and ODS are co-sponsoring a project at the University of Texas Medical Branch in Galveston to examine the role of antioxidants in preventing cataract development in persons with diabetes. A key aim of this study is to determine if antioxidants can prevent the production of specific toxic compounds found in the lens of the eye affected by diabetes. Starting date: 1997. Publications and presentations from this study: • Ansari, N.H., Zhang, W., Fulep, E. and Mansour, A. (1998) Prevention of pericyte loss by trolox in diabetic rat retina. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 54:467–475. • Ansari, N.H., Zhang, W., He, Q., Andley, U., Zhou, F. and Thompson, E.B. (1998) Enalinduced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). XIII International Congress of Eye Research, July 26–31, Paris, France. • He, Q., Khanna, P., Srivastava, S., van Kuijk, F.J.G.M. and Ansari, N.H. (1998) Reduction of 4-hydroxynonenal and 4-hydroxyhexenal by retinal aldose reductase. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 247:719–722. • Zhang, W., He, Q., Andley, U., Zhou, F., Thompson, E.B. and Ansari, N.H. (1998) Induction of apoptosis by lipid peroxidation products in human lens epithelial cells. Poster presentation at the Thomas N. James-Sealy Symposium, April 5–6, Galveston, TX. 17
• Zhang, W., Lie, Q., Campbell, G.A., Chan, L.L., Thompson, E.B. and Ansari, N.H. (1998) Enal-induced apoptosis: A mechanism of oxidative injury. Poster presentation at the Environmental Health Poster Presentations, March 17, Galveston, TX. • He., Q., Wang, L., Srivastava, S.K. and Ansari, N.H. (1998) Role of lipid-derived aldehydes in cataractogenesis. Poster presentation at the Environmental Health Multidisciplinary Research Presentations, March 17, Galveston, TX. • Khanna, P., Wang, L., Perez-Polo, R.J. and Ansari, N.H. (1997) Oxidative defense enzyme activity and mRNA levels in lenses of diabetic rats. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health. 51:541–555. • Zhang, W., Chan, L.L., Thompson, E.B. and Ansari, N.H. (1997) Lipid-derived aldehydes induce apoptosis: Involvement of caspases. Poster presentation at the Texas Regional Immunology Conference, November 21–23, Galveston, TX. • Zhang, W., Khanna, P., Chan, L.N., Campbell, G. and Ansari, N.H. (1997) Diabetes-induced apoptosis in rat kidney. Biochem. Mol. Med. 61:58–62. Potential Benefits and Risks of L-Arginine Supplementation in Cancer Patients, A Scientific Study In conjunction with the National Cancer Institute, the ODS is funding a project at the State University of New York Health Sciences Center at Stony Brook to study the potential benefits and risks of taking supplements of L-arginine, an amino acid, by cancer patients. Arginine influences protein synthesis rates and cell proliferation markers, and results of this study will improve understanding of how supplements of this amino acid may affect tumor stimulation and suppression. Starting date: 1997. Publications from this study: • Caso, G., McMillan, D.N., Eremin, O. and Garlick, P.J. Arginine and the growth of human breast tumor cells in culture. (in preparation) • Garlick, P.J., McNurlan, M.A. and Caso, G. (1998) Critical assessment of methods used to measure protein synthesis in human subjects. Yale J. Biol. Med. 70:65–76. • Garlick, P.J., McNurlan, M.A. and Caso, G. (1997) Protein turnover in cancer patients. Pp.85–101 in: Gene Expression and Nutrition in Animals: From Cells to Whole Body, Muramatsu, T., ed., Trivandrum, India: Research Signpost. Potential Role of Dietary Supplements in Reducing or Preventing Antibiotic-Induced Hearing Loss, A Scientific Study The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and ODS are cosponsoring a study at the University of Michigan to test the effects of dietary supplements in reducing or preventing the hearing loss that may occur with antibiotic therapy. This research may help answer questions about the relationship between nutrients and antibiotics and lead to more effective treatment strategies to prevent this form of hearing loss. Starting date: 1996. Publications from this study: • Sha, S-H. and Schacht, J. Mechanism and prevention of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss. In: Cell and Molecular Biology of the Ear, Lim, D.J., ed., New York: Plenum Press. (in press) • Schacht, J. Antioxidant therapy attenuates aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. Ann. NY. Acad. Sci. (in press) • Sha, S-H. and Schacht, J. (1998) Formation of reactive oxygen species following bioactivation of gentamicin. Free Radical Biol. Med. 26:341-347. 18
Page 1 and 2: STATUS REPORT: THE FIRST YEARS OF T
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE The Office of Dietary Suppl
Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTION Background A national
Page 7 and 8: science, assisted the ODS in develo
Page 9 and 10: Strategic Plan and Mission Statemen
Page 11 and 12: Research project grants are the lar
Page 13 and 14: the DHHS, including NIH and other f
Page 15 and 16: are usually published in a scientif
Page 17 and 18: include “developing curriculum su
Page 19: individuals who were knowledgeable
Page 23 and 24: which are not digestable by humans,
Page 25 and 26: • Scannell, K.M., Marriott, B.M.
Page 27 and 28: Zinc and Health: Current Status and
Page 29 and 30: Essential Fatty Acids in the Treatm
Page 31 and 32: • Morgan, S.L., Baggott, J.E. and
Page 33 and 34: scientific information on what each
Page 35 and 36: CONCLUSION AND A LOOK TO THE FUTURE
Page 37 and 38: REFERENCES Aarts, T., ed. (1998) Nu
Page 39 and 40: Appendix B Strategic Plan Executive
Page 41 and 42: The following are objectives to add
Page 43 and 44: • Develop and maintain a publicly
Page 45 and 46: Vanadium Salts and Carbohydrate Met
Page 47 and 48: Frontiers in Antioxidant Research,
Page 49 and 50: Garlick, P.J., McNurlan, M.A. and C
Page 51: Song, B-B., Sha, S-H. and Schacht,

status report - Office of Dietary Supplements - National Institutes of ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?