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• Sha, S-H. and Schacht, J. (1998) Are aminoglycoside antibiotics excitotoxic? NeuroReport 9:3893-3895. • Song, B.-B., Sha, S-H. and Schacht, J. (1998) Iron chelators protect from aminoglycosideinduced cochleo- and vestibulotoxicity in guinea pig. Free Radical Biol. Med. 25:189–195. • Lautermann, J. and Schacht, J. (1996) A sensitive animal model to assess acute and chronic ototoxic effects. Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 122:837–840. • Song, B.–B. and Schacht, J. (1996) Variable efficacy of radical scavengers and iron chelators to attenuate gentamicin ototoxicity in guinea pig in vivo. Hear. Res. 94:87–93. The Effect of Dietary Supplements on the Impact of Infectious Diseases on the Oral Cavity, A Workshop The ODS is funding a workshop in conjunction with the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research that will focus on the role of dietary supplements known to prevent or lessen oral infections. The scientific topics to be discussed will include optimal timing, dose, and potential side effects of dietary supplements related to infection. Starting date: 1999. PAST ACCOMPLISHMENTS International Workshop to Evaluate Research Needs on the Use and Safety of Medicinal Herbs, A Workshop The ODS co-sponsored a workshop at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) to identify and evaluate the major issues and key gaps in scientific research to assure the safety of medicinal herbs. Topics included the benefits and risks associated with medicinal herbs, issues of methodology and product standardization, and a panel discussion with participants from ODS, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, the Food and Drug Administration, and other government, professional, and public interest groups. Proceedings and a summary of the workshop will be published in an upcoming issue of the NIEHS journal, Environmental Health Perspectives. Workshop held: September 22-23, 1998, Research Triangle Park, NC. Metabolic, Endocrine and Gastrointestinal Disorders in Drug Abuse and HIV/AIDS, A Workshop The National Institute on Drug Abuse and the ODS co-sponsored a workshop to bring together scientists to discuss significant new research on nutrition and the immune system, specifically as they relate to disorders associated with drug abuse and HIV-infected individuals. Topics included various aspects of dietary supplements (both micronutrients and macronutrients) and their impact on the health of HIV-infected individuals, potential interventions, and recommendations for future research. The proceedings will be published in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome and a separate summary of this workshop will be published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Workshop held: August 3-4, 1998, Bethesda, MD. Nutritional and Health Benefits of Inulin and Oligofructose, A Conference The ODS co-sponsored an international conference to review and assess current scientific evidence on the health benefits and physiological functions of inulin and oligofructose, which are fructose polymers that function in the storage of carbohydrates in plants. These compounds, 19
which are not digestable by humans, have properties similar to dietary fiber. Topics included the effects of inulin and oligofructose on intestinal microflora, lipid metabolism, immunity, and breast and colon cancer risk. This conference was co-sponsored with the American Dietetic Association, American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc., American Society for Nutrition Sciences, Canadian Society for Nutritional Sciences, Institutes of Food Technologists, ORAFTI Company, Pennsylvania State University- Department of Nutrition, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. The proceedings from this workshop will be published. Workshop held: May 18-19, 1998, Bethesda, MD. Promising New Investigator Award Recipients: In recognition of their research efforts and to defray the cost of attendance at the conference the ODS provided support for the following scientists: • Linda S. Boeckner, University of Nebraska • Jennifer L. Clausey, University of Minnesota • Kindra A. Kelly-Quaglina, Mississippi State University • Marilynn I. Schnepf, University of Nebraska • Steven Spector, Pennsylvania State University Frontiers in Antioxidant Research, ASPEN 1998, A Workshop The ODS and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases cofunded a workshop organized by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). The workshop brought together scientists in the field of antioxidant research to identify the most current and promising issues. Information was presented about the potential role of antioxidants in moderating human disease, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Other workshop topics included an analysis of the relationship between physical activity and oxidant exposure and research on trace nutrients that are involved in oxidant protective pathways. Workshop held: January 18, 1998 Orlando, FL. Goal 2: Evaluate the role of dietary supplements in physical and mental health and performance. ACTIVITIES IN PROGRESS: Coordinating Center for Clinical Trial of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s Wort) in Depressive Disorder, A Scientific Study The ODS is collaborating with the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine on the first large-scale, controlled clinical trial in the United States to determine the safety and efficacy of Hypericum perforatum, commonly known as St. John’s wort, for treating patients with major depression. This three-year trial, coordinated through Duke University Medical Center, will include 336 patients with depression as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV, 1994). Subjects will be randomly assigned to one of three double-blind treatments for an eight-week trial. One-third of subjects will receive a standardized daily dose (900 mg) of St. John’s wort, another third will receive placebo, and the remaining will take a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (a medication commonly prescribed for depression). A four-month follow-up period will occur for all of the patients. Starting date: 1997. 20
Page 1 and 2: STATUS REPORT: THE FIRST YEARS OF T
Page 3 and 4: PREFACE The Office of Dietary Suppl
Page 5 and 6: INTRODUCTION Background A national
Page 7 and 8: science, assisted the ODS in develo
Page 9 and 10: Strategic Plan and Mission Statemen
Page 11 and 12: Research project grants are the lar
Page 13 and 14: the DHHS, including NIH and other f
Page 15 and 16: are usually published in a scientif
Page 17 and 18: include “developing curriculum su
Page 19 and 20: individuals who were knowledgeable
Page 21: • Zhang, W., Lie, Q., Campbell, G
Page 25 and 26: • Scannell, K.M., Marriott, B.M.
Page 27 and 28: Zinc and Health: Current Status and
Page 29 and 30: Essential Fatty Acids in the Treatm
Page 31 and 32: • Morgan, S.L., Baggott, J.E. and
Page 33 and 34: scientific information on what each
Page 35 and 36: CONCLUSION AND A LOOK TO THE FUTURE
Page 37 and 38: REFERENCES Aarts, T., ed. (1998) Nu
Page 39 and 40: Appendix B Strategic Plan Executive
Page 41 and 42: The following are objectives to add
Page 43 and 44: • Develop and maintain a publicly
Page 45 and 46: Vanadium Salts and Carbohydrate Met
Page 47 and 48: Frontiers in Antioxidant Research,
Page 49 and 50: Garlick, P.J., McNurlan, M.A. and C
Page 51: Song, B-B., Sha, S-H. and Schacht,

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