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Buckinghamshire New University style guide

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Hyphenation (see also dash)<br />

The hyphen (-) looks like a short dash, but the hyphen and the dash are very<br />

different; whereas the hyphen unites, the dash separates (except when it is used to<br />

elide).<br />

Certain words and phrases tend to evolve from separation to linkage. The trend in<br />

English is for frequently used word combinations to grow together from two words<br />

to one, sometimes passing through a hyphenated stage, for example from<br />

electronic mail through e-mail to email.<br />

A–Z <strong>guide</strong><br />

H<br />

The following principles are useful to know:<br />

• Two or more adjectives before a noun that act as one idea (one-thought<br />

adjectives) are connected with a hyphen.<br />

Example:<br />

This is a low-budget film.<br />

• Use a hyphen in expressions where words have become linked by usage to<br />

express one idea.<br />

Examples:<br />

mother-in-law, top-notch, fine-tune, X-ray.<br />

• When written as words, fractions and cardinal numbers consisting of two words<br />

are hyphenated.<br />

Examples:<br />

one-fourth, two-thirds.<br />

• Hyphenate words prefixed by ex-, self-, or all-, and some words prefixed by<br />

cross-.<br />

Examples:<br />

ex-wife, self-evident, all-inclusive, cross-reference.<br />

<strong>Buckinghamshire</strong> <strong>New</strong> <strong>University</strong> Style Guide 25

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