Elements of appendicular skeleton: f li b Elements of appendicular ...

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Basal model Axial model
Axial model • Lungfish condition is plesiomorphic. • Axial bones homologous with posterior long bones + carpals + metacarpals + phalanges. • Evidence: embryonic and gene expression patterns <strong>of</strong> vertebrate <strong>li</strong>mb development.
Page 1 and 2: Elements of appendicular skeleton:
Page 3: Limbs and associated muscles are de
Page 6 and 7: Pectoral girdle Modifications of th
Page 8: Medial view Lateral view
Page 11 and 12: Pentadactyl forelimb structure: Hal
Page 13: Convergent evolution of external fo
Page 17 and 18: Constraints on adaptation • Panda
Page 19 and 20: “Muscular sling” of mammals
Page 21: Mammals Anterior Posterior
Page 25 and 26: • Acanthostega : - One of first a
Page 28 and 29: Human pelvis
Page 31 and 32: Knee Wrist Elbow Ankle
Page 33: Cephalochordate condition Fin-fold
Page 36: Models of limb evolution
Page 42 and 43: inductive sequence
Page 46 and 47: Context of evolution of tetrapod li
Page 48 and 49: Some heterotopic elements Penis bac
Page 50 and 51: Synarthroses
Page 52: (forming meniscus layers) Diarthros
Page 55: Trends in the skeletal system • I

Elements of appendicular skeleton: f li b Elements of appendicular ...

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