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Elements of appendicular skeleton: f li b Elements of appendicular ...

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Trends in the skeletal system<br />

• Interna<strong>li</strong>zation: from external dermal <strong>skeleton</strong> to<br />

internal endochondral <strong>skeleton</strong>.<br />

• Differentiation <strong>of</strong> regions <strong>of</strong> the skull and axial<br />

<strong>skeleton</strong>.<br />

• Cepha<strong>li</strong>zation: i independence d <strong>of</strong> head from<br />

postcranial <strong>skeleton</strong>.<br />

• Development and specia<strong>li</strong>zation <strong>of</strong> pentadactyl<br />

<strong>li</strong>mbs.<br />

• Relocation <strong>of</strong> <strong>li</strong>mbs from lateral to ventral.<br />

• Interlocking <strong>of</strong> vertebrae via zygapophyses.<br />

• Reduction (loss and fusion) <strong>of</strong> skeletal elements.

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