2 Chapter 6 ⢠organising elements Organising elements
2 Chapter 6 ⢠organising elements Organising elements
2 Chapter 6 ⢠organising elements Organising elements
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Navigating the periodic table<br />
The periodic table shows the <strong>elements</strong> in rows and<br />
columns. The rows are called periods. The atomic<br />
number increases by one for each element as you go<br />
across the period. The vertical lists of <strong>elements</strong> are<br />
called groups, with the <strong>elements</strong> in each group having<br />
similar properties. These groups are similar to the<br />
triads described by Dobereiner.<br />
The columns and rows in the periodic table have<br />
been given names and numbers. This makes<br />
communication easier, because these <strong>elements</strong> have<br />
similar properties and trends.<br />
Fig 6.8 The periodic table of <strong>elements</strong>.<br />
1<br />
2<br />
3<br />
4<br />
5<br />
6<br />
7<br />
1<br />
I A<br />
1<br />
H<br />
1.01<br />
Hydrogen<br />
3<br />
Li<br />
6.94<br />
Lithium<br />
11<br />
Na<br />
22.99<br />
Sodium<br />
19<br />
K<br />
39.10<br />
Potassium<br />
37<br />
Rb<br />
85.47<br />
Rubidium<br />
55<br />
Cs<br />
132.91<br />
Cesium<br />
87<br />
Fr<br />
(223)<br />
Francium<br />
New designation<br />
Original designation<br />
2<br />
II A<br />
4<br />
Be<br />
9.01<br />
Beryllium<br />
12<br />
Mg<br />
24.31<br />
Magnesium<br />
20<br />
Ca<br />
40.08<br />
Calcium<br />
38<br />
Sr<br />
87.62<br />
Strontium<br />
56<br />
Ba<br />
137.33<br />
Barium<br />
88<br />
Ra<br />
226.03<br />
Radium<br />
3<br />
III B<br />
21<br />
Sc<br />
44.95<br />
Scandium<br />
39<br />
Y<br />
88.91<br />
Yttrium<br />
57<br />
to<br />
71<br />
89<br />
to<br />
103<br />
22<br />
Ti<br />
47.88<br />
Titanium<br />
40<br />
Zr<br />
91.22<br />
Zirconium<br />
72<br />
Hf<br />
178.49<br />
Hafnium<br />
104<br />
Unq<br />
(261)<br />
57<br />
La<br />
138.91<br />
Rare earth <strong>elements</strong><br />
Lanthanoid series<br />
Lanthanum<br />
89<br />
Actinoid series Ac<br />
227.03<br />
Actinium<br />
23 24 25<br />
V Cr Mn<br />
50.94 52.00 54.95<br />
Vanadium Chromium Manganese<br />
41<br />
Nb<br />
92.91<br />
73<br />
Ta<br />
180.95<br />
Tantalum<br />
58<br />
Ce<br />
140.12<br />
Cerium<br />
90<br />
Th<br />
232.04<br />
Thorium<br />
42<br />
Mo<br />
74<br />
W<br />
183.85<br />
Tungsten<br />
59<br />
Pr<br />
140.91<br />
Praseodymium<br />
91<br />
Pa<br />
231.04<br />
Protactinium<br />
43<br />
Tc<br />
75<br />
Re<br />
186.21<br />
Rhenium<br />
60<br />
Nd<br />
144.24<br />
Neodymium<br />
6<br />
C<br />
12.01<br />
26<br />
61<br />
Pm<br />
(145)<br />
Carbon<br />
Fe<br />
55.85<br />
Iron<br />
44<br />
Ru<br />
76<br />
Os<br />
190.23<br />
Osmium<br />
92 93 94 95<br />
U Np Pu Am<br />
238.03<br />
Uranium<br />
237.05<br />
Neptunium<br />
(244)<br />
Plutonium<br />
(243)<br />
Americium<br />
What do you know about<br />
navigating the periodic table?<br />
1 What is the difference between a period and a group in<br />
the periodic table?<br />
2 Examine Figure 6.8 of the periodic table.<br />
27<br />
Co<br />
58.93<br />
Cobalt<br />
45<br />
Rh<br />
102.91<br />
95.94 (98) 101.07<br />
Niobium MolybdenumTechnetium<br />
Ruthenium Rhodium<br />
105<br />
Unp<br />
(262)<br />
106<br />
Unh<br />
(263)<br />
Transition metals<br />
107<br />
Uns<br />
(262)<br />
108<br />
Uno<br />
(265)<br />
77<br />
Ir<br />
192.22<br />
Iridium<br />
109<br />
Une<br />
(266)<br />
62<br />
Sm<br />
150.4<br />
a Identify the period and group for each of the<br />
following <strong>elements</strong>: fluorine, bromine, tin, radium,<br />
potassium, platinum, and arsenic.<br />
b Are any of the <strong>elements</strong> listed above in the same<br />
period? What would this tell you about them?<br />
c Are any of the <strong>elements</strong> listed above in the same<br />
group? What would this tell you about them?<br />
Atomic number<br />
Chemical symbol<br />
Atomic mass<br />
Name of element<br />
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12<br />
IV B V B VI B VII B VII BI I B II B<br />
Metals<br />
28<br />
Ni<br />
58.70<br />
Nickel<br />
46<br />
Pd<br />
106.4<br />
Palladium<br />
78<br />
Pt<br />
195.08<br />
Platinum<br />
110<br />
Uun<br />
(267)<br />
63<br />
Eu<br />
151.97<br />
29<br />
Cu<br />
63.55<br />
Copper<br />
47<br />
Ag<br />
107.87<br />
Silver<br />
79<br />
Au<br />
196.97<br />
Gold<br />
64<br />
Gd<br />
96<br />
Cm<br />
(247)<br />
65<br />
Tb<br />
158.93<br />
97<br />
Bk<br />
(247)<br />
5<br />
B<br />
10.81<br />
Boron<br />
13<br />
Al<br />
26.98<br />
Aluminium<br />
31<br />
Ga<br />
69.72<br />
Callium<br />
49<br />
In<br />
114.82<br />
Indium<br />
81<br />
Ti<br />
204.38<br />
Thallium<br />
66<br />
Dy<br />
162.50<br />
6<br />
C<br />
12.01<br />
Carbon<br />
14<br />
Si<br />
28.09<br />
Silicon<br />
32<br />
Ge<br />
72.61<br />
Germanium<br />
50<br />
Sn<br />
118.71<br />
Tin<br />
82<br />
Pb<br />
207.2<br />
Lead<br />
157.25<br />
164.93<br />
Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolimium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium<br />
30<br />
Zn<br />
65.39<br />
Zinc<br />
48<br />
Cd<br />
112.41<br />
Cadmium<br />
80<br />
Hg<br />
200.59<br />
Mercury<br />
98<br />
Cf<br />
67<br />
Ho<br />
99<br />
Es<br />
Non-metals<br />
13 14 15 16 17<br />
III A IV A V A VI A VII A<br />
7<br />
N<br />
14.01<br />
Nitrogen<br />
15<br />
P<br />
30.97<br />
Phosphorus<br />
33<br />
As<br />
74.92<br />
Arsenic<br />
51<br />
Sb<br />
121.74<br />
Antimony<br />
83<br />
Bi<br />
208.98<br />
Bismuth<br />
Mass numbers in parentheses are<br />
from the most stable of common isotopes.<br />
68<br />
Er<br />
167.26<br />
Erbium<br />
100<br />
Fm<br />
(257)<br />
Unit 6.1 • Why do we organise <strong>elements</strong>?<br />
8<br />
O<br />
16.00<br />
Oxygen<br />
16<br />
S<br />
32.07<br />
Sulfur<br />
34<br />
Se<br />
78.96<br />
Selenium<br />
52<br />
Te<br />
127.60<br />
Tellurium<br />
84<br />
Po<br />
(209)<br />
Polonium<br />
69<br />
Tm<br />
168.93<br />
Thulium<br />
101<br />
Md<br />
(258)<br />
9<br />
F<br />
19.00<br />
Fluorine<br />
17<br />
Cl<br />
35.45<br />
Chlorine<br />
35<br />
Br<br />
79.90<br />
Bromine<br />
53<br />
I<br />
126.90<br />
Iodine<br />
85<br />
At<br />
(210)<br />
Astatine<br />
70<br />
Yb<br />
173.04<br />
Ytterbium<br />
102<br />
No<br />
(259)<br />
(251) (252)<br />
Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium<br />
UNCORRECTED PAGE PROOFS<br />
18<br />
VIII A<br />
2<br />
He<br />
4.00<br />
Helium<br />
10<br />
Ne<br />
20.18<br />
Neon<br />
18<br />
Ar<br />
39.95<br />
Argon<br />
36<br />
Kr<br />
83.80<br />
Krypton<br />
54<br />
Xe<br />
131.29<br />
Xenon<br />
86<br />
Rn<br />
(222)<br />
Radon<br />
71<br />
Lu<br />
174.97<br />
Lutertium<br />
103<br />
Lr<br />
(260)<br />
Lawrencium<br />
9<br />
CAS_SB10_TXT_06_1pp.indd 9<br />
11/11/11 4:58 PM
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