Agreement DE-FC26-02NT15342, Seismic Evaluation of ...

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Contents: Disclaimer:.......................................................................................................................... 2 Abstract:.............................................................................................................................. 3 Contents: ............................................................................................................................. 4 Figures: ............................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary:......................................................................................................... 13 Results and Discussion ..................................................................................................... 15 Introduction....................................................................................................................... 15 Test Sites........................................................................................................................... 16 Inversion of Sw and porosity from seismic AVO............................................................. 17 Impact of pressure on velocity and modulus .................................................................... 18 Water saturation estimation with Support Vector Machine.............................................. 18 Calculation of water saturation log................................................................................... 22 Field examples .................................................................................................................. 23 Velocities of deepwater reservoir sands ........................................................................... 25 Texture of deepwater sands .............................................................................................. 25 Velocity measurements..................................................................................................... 28 Effect of fluid saturation on velocities.............................................................................. 31 P-wave and S-wave relationship....................................................................................... 33 Relations between Sw, porosity, and AVO attributes....................................................... 37 Models of Complex, Layered Reservoirs ......................................................................... 37 Outcrop observations ........................................................................................................ 48 Geologic framework of Brushy Canyon........................................................................... 48 Brushy Canyon architectural elements ............................................................................. 52 Outcrops to be used for modeling..................................................................................... 58 Agreement DE-FC26-02NT15342, Seismic Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Saturation 4
Ursa Data .......................................................................................................................... 64 Gulf of Mexico data.......................................................................................................... 65 Geologic framework ......................................................................................................... 67 Shear wave prediction....................................................................................................... 73 Pressure trend.................................................................................................................... 75 Rock and fluid properties.............................................................................................. 78 Relationship to outcrop analog ......................................................................................... 82 Forward modeling............................................................................................................. 83 Example of forward modeling method ............................................................................. 83 Test model......................................................................................................................... 85 Above Magenta reservoir model....................................................................................... 87 Two-dimensional channel models .................................................................................... 90 Channel complex model 1 ................................................................................................ 90 Channel complex 2 ........................................................................................................... 94 Lower Yellow reservoir character .................................................................................... 98 Two-dimensional models................................................................................................ 102 Amalgamated sheet sand model...................................................................................... 102 Basin floor channels........................................................................................................ 106 Conclusions..................................................................................................................... 106 Upper reservoir character................................................................................................ 109 Two-dimensional models................................................................................................ 114 Proximal levee overbank model...................................................................................... 114 Distal levee overbank model with multiple channels .................................................... 119 AVO modeling of levee overbank deposits.................................................................... 126 Conclusions..................................................................................................................... 131 Further study ............................................................................................................... 134 Agreement DE-FC26-02NT15342, Seismic Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Saturation 5
Page 1 and 2: June 29, 2006 Seismic Evaluation of
Page 3: Abstract: During this last quarter
Page 7 and 8: Figures: Figure 1. Relationship of
Page 9 and 10: Figure 38. Schematic of geometry an
Page 11 and 12: Figure 73. The extracted wavelet an
Page 13 and 14: Executive Summary: In this joint pr
Page 15 and 16: Results and Discussion Introduction
Page 17 and 18: Inversion of Sw and porosity from s
Page 19 and 20: saturation from seismic data. Valid
Page 21 and 22: The Lagrange function (5) has a sad
Page 23 and 24: ρ ma − ρ + ( ρ w − ρ g ) ×
Page 25 and 26: With a water saturation log calcula
Page 27 and 28: Figure 11. permeability versus poro
Page 29 and 30: Figure 13. Measured dry and brine s
Page 31 and 32: Figure 15. The HP (deep) sands have
Page 33 and 34: pressure-porosity relations. The n
Page 35 and 36: Figure 19. measure dry and brine sa
Page 37 and 38: Relations between Sw, porosity, and
Page 39 and 40: Figure 21. An example realization o
Page 41 and 42: otherwise the seismic properties we
Page 43 and 44: correctly reproduce those found in
Page 45 and 46: study of field data from the Teal S
Page 47 and 48: Figure 30. Spectral decomposed pres
Page 49 and 50: (Adapted from CSM Slope and Basin C
Page 51 and 52: Figure 34. Sequence stratigraphic f
Page 53 and 54: Figure 36. Schematic depiction of c
Page 55 and 56:
Figure 38. Schematic of geometry an
Page 57 and 58:
Figure 40. Middle slope channel (Ad
Page 59 and 60:
Figure 43. Amalgamated sandstone sh
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CHANNEL AXIS SINGLE STORY CHANNEL C
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MEDIAL LEVEE/OVERBANK 7.62 cm Figur
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L1054 L1041 • Ursa Well A4 Green=
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1.9 miles 37 ft Fizz 19 ft Oil 4.0
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esults in shifts followed by subsid
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Figure 55. Schematic of depositiona
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4 miles 1.5 s 2 s 3 s Hydrocarbon I
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In addition to comparing calculated
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 61. Shear velocity trend for
Page 79 and 80:
each reservoir interval modeled. Th
Page 81 and 82:
Figure 65. Histograms of frequency
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the pressure trends were analyzed,
Page 85 and 86:
P Impedance Model Synthetic 2 -D Mo
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Above Magenta reservoir model The A
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Figure 73. The extracted wavelet an
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saturation and 50% gas saturation.
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Figure 77. The amalgamated channel
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Figure 79. Channel complex model 2
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Figure 81. AVO stack and gathers fo
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Figure 82. Log signature includes g
Page 101 and 102:
Figure 85. Extracted wavelet and mo
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Figure 87. Amalgamated sheet sand m
Page 105 and 106:
Figure 89. Pseudo logs, wavelet, sy
Page 107 and 108:
Figure 90. Medial basin floor chann
Page 109 and 110:
Figure 92. Pseudo logs, wavelet, sy
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Figure 94. The post stack seismic e
Page 113 and 114:
Figure 96. Statistically extracted
Page 115 and 116:
Figure 98. The proximal levee overb
Page 117 and 118:
Figure 99. The response of the prox
Page 119 and 120:
Figure 101. The pseudo log, wavelet
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Figure 102. The distal levee overba
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Figure 104. The complex well log ba
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then scaled to the model data by mu
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Figure 107. The Ursa log displays g
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Figure 109. Composite reflection co
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Conclusions One of the main conclus
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Table 5 Summary of the model facies
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REFERENCES Alford, R. M., Kelly, K.
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Gardner, M. H., Anderson, D. A., Bo
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Mahaffie, M.J., 1994, Reservoir cla
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Rothman, D.H., Grotzinger, J.P., Fl
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Vail, P., 1977, Seismic Stratigraph
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downlap (Mtchum, 1977): A base-disc
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direction and downlap onto the tran
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Agreement DE-FC26-02NT15342, Seismi
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APPENDIX E: VALUES USED FOR RESERVO
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