TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS IN BELIZE - OAS

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It is necessary to make a conceptual distinction between smuggling and trafficking. Distinction that has taken a long time to establish. Both crimes have elements in common, similar causes and even a same context. However, nowadays there is a consensus that both differ. Since the Palermo Protocol, this distinction has allowed to elaborate specific programs to combat each matter. Smuggling is a crime or violation of the migratory law that entails facilitating irregular migration. Well built organizations or one single person offer this “service”, not only by overlooking the migratory law, but also committing other crimes such as document falsification, in order to cross the border. In this case there is no violation of the migrants’ human rights. In this scenario, the migrants willingly decide and get involved in the irregular entrance to the destination country. In this case, at least for the definition instance, it does not matter what they are going to do as a job and which is their socio economic situation. The smuggler provides the means to make sure the migrant jump over a border that, following the legal procedures, would be impossible to cross. On the other hand, trafficking is a serious crime, it is a violation of human rights, based on coercion not on will. The migrant doesn’t decide to leave his or her country and cross a border, illegally if necessary. Or if he does so, he has never thought in the final situation the trafficker is going to involve him. Trafficking includes deception, force, violence and abuse in order to obtain sexual or economic profits. There are, of course, situations that can’t be characterized as pure trafficking or smuggling, but are positioned right in the middle of both crimes. At times the distinction is blurred. Smugglers can, at any moment, turn violent and abuse migrant and even with the use of violence in any of its forms transform the situation into a case of trafficking. During the eighties, after a long time of waiting to be considered in international forums, the world community at last decided to include this issue in the day to day agenda. For instance, the United Nations Convention against Organized 6
Transnational Crime was held and two protocols were created. One to combat smuggling migrants by land, sea and air and the other protocol to prevent, suppress and punish human trafficking, especially women and children. In its third article, the first protocol mentioned above defines illicit migrant traffic or smuggling in migrants as follows: The procurement, in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial or other material benefit, or illegal entry of a person into a State Party of which the person is not a national or permanent resident. Meanwhile, the United Nations Trafficking Protocol reads as follows to define the trafficking in persons: a. “Trafficking in Persons” shall mean the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs. b. The consent of a victim of trafficking in persons to the intended exploitation ser forth in subparagraph (a) of this article shall be irrelevant where any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) have been used. c. The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring and receipt of a child for the purpose of exploitation shall be considered trafficking in person if this does not involve any of the means set forth in subparagraph (a) of this article. 7
Page 1 and 2: TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS IN BELIZE Pr
Page 3 and 4: too is that Belize’s public autho
Page 5: “there is not one single country
Page 9 and 10: efforts to improve the situation. B
Page 11 and 12: underlined the fact that the ways o
Page 13 and 14: active participation of the social
Page 15 and 16: not a national food, music or dress
Page 17 and 18: One of the main issues of the educa
Page 19 and 20: 24.3% used filtered water. To sum u
Page 21 and 22: insertion within the major industri
Page 23 and 24: he also shows that immigrants have
Page 25 and 26: scientifically controlled represent
Page 27 and 28: to bid down wages and eliminate ben
Page 29 and 30: oppose loans or other utilization o
Page 31 and 32: Persons (TIP) Report made public, i
Page 33 and 34: We defined the profile of the event
Page 35 and 36: disentangle situations that, at fir
Page 37 and 38: a list of contacts that will help t
Page 39 and 40: the country, in February 16.677 ent
Page 41 and 42: communications and service faciliti
Page 43 and 44: isolated in this hotel. The Hotel P
Page 45 and 46: have to evaluate very carefully whe
Page 47 and 48: going through these few controls, t
Page 49 and 50: position is extremely vulnerable to
Page 51 and 52: that have been detected, the Depart
Page 53 and 54: When the case was reported nothing
Page 55 and 56: wouldn’t be logic to keep them in
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Sometimes the girl can even have a
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obstacles or sail dangerous seas to
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and manipulation are more difficult
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prostitution. Hence, prostitutes th
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victims. In very few hours, illegal
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RECOMMENDATIONS 1.- General recomme
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2.2 Coordination and public campaig
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3.4 Territorial research. A complet
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4.4 Reports. A telephonic service s
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1 Assessment of trafficking in pers
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