Embankment Dam Failure Analysis (FEMA 541) - Association of ...

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Dam name: Baldwin Hills Dam Location: Los Angeles, California. The dam was located about midway between downtown L.A., and LAX (L.A. International Airport). Dam Characteristics: Dam type: earthfill Dam height: 65.5 feet. Water depth of 59 feet when break occurred. Dam crest length: not determined Reservoir volume: about 700 acre-feet at time of failure. Spillway: of f stream storage at top of hill. No spillway? History of Dam: Purpose: water supply Dam completed: 1950 Dam failed: Saturday, December 14, 1963 at 3:38 p.m. Failure cause: displacement in the foundation Details on Detection of Failure/Deciding to warn: 11:15 a.m.: crack discovered in dam 12:20 p.m.: reservoir draining begins 1:30 p.m.: LA Dept of Water and Power notifies police 1:45 p.m.: decision made to evacuate 2:20 p.m.: evacuation begins 3:38 p.m.: dam fails Details or dissemination of warnings and technologies used: Warnings disseminated by police in patrol cars, motorcycle and helicopter. This event was covered by radio and television. Details on response to the warning: Many people evacuated but “some people were not taking the warnings seriously. Description of flooding resulting from dam failure: Flooding extended about 2 miles from dam. Affected area was about 1 square mile which contained about 16,500 people. The fatalities occurred about I mile downstream from the dam. The losses included: 5 fatalities; they all resided in condo complex that was flooded but not destroyed. 41 homes destroyed; 986 houses and 100 apt. buildings damaged, 3000 automobiles damaged. Damage reported to be $11.3 million. Prepared by Wayne Graham
Dam name: Buffalo Creek Coal Waste Dam Location: near Saunders, West Virginia Dam Characteristics: Dam type: coal waste Dam height: 46 feet Dam crest length: feet Reservoir volume: 404 acre-feet Spillway: small pipe History of Dam: Purpose: improve water quality, dispose of coal waste Dam completed: continually changing Dam failed: February 26, 1972 about 8 a.m. (0 years old) Failure cause: Slumping of dam face during 2-year rain. Details on Detection of Failure/Deciding to warn: Owner reps were on site monitoring conditions prior to dam failure. “At least two dam owner officials urged the Logan County Sheriff’s force to refrain from a massive alert and exodus.” Details on dissemination of warnings and technologies used: Company officials issued no warnings. The senior dam safety official on the site dismissed two deputy sheriffs (at about 6:30 a.m.) who had been called to the scene to aid evacuation. Details on response to the warning: Resident’s reaction to the meager warnings that were issued were dampened due to at least 4 previous false alarms. Description of flooding resulting from dam failure: Wave traveled downstream through the 15-mile long valley at 5mph. Over 1,000 homes either destroyed or damaged. The losses included: 125 deaths; 4,000 people homeless All of the fatalities occurred in the first 15 miles downstream from the dam. Damage total of $50 million. Prepared by Wayne Graham
Page 1: PROCEEDINGS FEMA WORKSHOP, JUNE 26-
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTS Page # OVERVIEW
Page 9 and 10: 2 OUTLINE OF THE WORKSHOP AGENDA __
Page 11 and 12: 3 SUMMARY OF WORKSHOP PRESENTATIONS
Page 13 and 14: He also discussed research needs to
Page 15 and 16: what is reasonable to the engineer
Page 17 and 18: 4 DAM FAILURE ANALYSIS RESEARCH AND
Page 19 and 20: The break down of the individual to
Page 21 and 22: The break down of the individual to
Page 23 and 24: TOPIC NUMBER RESEARCH / DEVELOPMENT
Page 25 and 26: TOPIC NUMBER RESEARCH / DEVELOPMENT
Page 27 and 28: TOPICS Research/Development Topics
Page 29: TOPICS increasing VALUE 2 20 12 15
Page 33 and 34: A AGENDA __________________________
Page 35: B PRESENTATIONS ___________________
Page 38 and 39: Dam name: Williamsburg Dam (Mill Ri
Page 40 and 41: Dam name: Walnut Grove Dam Location
Page 42 and 43: Dam name: Saint Francis Dam Locatio
Page 46 and 47: Dam name: Black Hills Flash Flood (
Page 48 and 49: Dam name: Kelly Barnes Dam Location
Page 50 and 51: Dam name: Timber Lake Dam Location:
Page 53 and 54: Will a Dam Failure Occur? Assessing
Page 55 and 56: Reclamation’s Risk Management Res
Page 57 and 58: Roles of Dam Failure Analyses • I
Page 59: B-3
Page 62 and 63: 2/6/02 %DFNJURXQG ✦ 7UDGLWLRQDO &
Page 64 and 65: 2/6/02 (VWDEOLVKLQJ WKH %DVH 6DIHW\
Page 66 and 67: 2/6/02 &XUUHQW 'DP 6DIHW\ 5 ' ✦ 5
Page 68 and 69: 2/6/02 FRAMEWORK FOR RISK ASSESSMEN
Page 70 and 71: 2/6/02 1.6E-02 ([DPSOH /2/ 5LVN 'LV
Page 72 and 73: 2/6/02 5LVN $QDO\VLV 5 ' ✦ 0HWKRG
Page 75 and 76: The Uncertainty of Embankment Dam B
Page 77 and 78: model (Fread 1988). These models si
Page 79 and 80: Predicted Breach Width (meters) 300
Page 81 and 82: Table 1. - Uncertainty estimates of
Page 83 and 84: Summary of Uncertainty Analysis Res
Page 85 and 86: control seepage and uplift pressure
Page 87 and 88: Results — Peak Outflow Estimates
Page 89 and 90: Conclusions This paper has presente
Page 91: B-5
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each failure mechanics are not well
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Fread (1971,1977,l988,l993) used a
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3. Analytical Parametric Breach Mod
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Figure 3. Side View of Dam Showing
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Figure 5. Teton Dam: Predicted and
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unsteady flow equations with the se
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Figure 8. Routing Curves for SMPDBK
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K and X are computed as follows: K
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Figure 10. Profile of peak discharg
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Fread,D.L., and Hsu,K.S. (l993) “
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B-6
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-Application of the numerical model
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45 m 3 /s and at low water level di
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Other recommendation deals with the
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The 2-d flood calculations and the
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The breach hydrographs for the loca
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1) Rectangular mesh # 10m without b
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5. DEVELOPMENT OF RESCUE ACTIONS De
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Emergency action plans prepared ear
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The determination of flow hydrograp
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FEMA/USDA WORKSHOP OKLAHOMA CITY JU
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SIGNIFICANT HAZARD POTENTIAL “Dam
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SELECTING HAZARD POTENTIAL CLASSIFI
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GUIDELINE GOALS • Repeatable Clas
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Permanent Structures • Single fam
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Lifeline Disruption Easy to Restore
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ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE • Habitat an
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RISK BASED ASSESSMENT 1. Assume fai
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B-8
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It is common that dam failure analy
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A similar situation exists in dams
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Edison Pond Dam may have resulted i
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B-9
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However, most of the dams that fail
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The side slopes are sometimes steep
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In Georgia, we use dambreak modelin
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In closing, I wonder if we in the d
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ADJUSTING REALITY TO FIT THE MODEL
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CALIBRATION CORRELATION TO REALITY
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New age modelers Post-modern hydrol
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B-11
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Step 1: Determine Dam Failure Scena
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Table 1 Guidance for Estimating Whe
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The parameter DV may be used to sep
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Table 2 Recommended Fatality Rates
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B-12
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The procedure was intended to provi
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Although this failure occurred seve
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Qmax equation needs to be updated c
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Dam Failure Analyses Workshop Oklah
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Stability Analyses Programs to Dete
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Milner Dam • Control of Seepage F
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•7
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Santee Cooper East Dam • The Emba
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Dayton Dam Canal Embankment Failure
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Canal Embankment - before failure 2
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The Breach • With the reservoir s
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Breach - 7/20/96 2/12/02 FERC-CRO J
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July 22, 1996 Inspection • The ne
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Secondary Breach Location 7/22/96 2
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Horses on dunes 7/22/96 2/12/02 FER
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Breach 9/30/96 2/12/02 FERC-CRO Jun
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Reconstruction of the Canal Embankm
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Filling in Canal Bottom 8/27/97 2/1
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Impervious Core in breach 9/30/97 2
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Canal Embankment 1/15/98 2/12/02 FE
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Presentation for FEMA / USDA Worksh
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• Life Safety Model • Environme
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B-15
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Case Study Setting The Chalk Hill h
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ased on ranges given in the BRAECH
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B-16
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Current Dam Safety Research Efforts
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Overtopping Facility • Near-proto
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Flow Classification Nappe Flow Skim
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Friction Factor 10.00 Darcy Frictio
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Recent Developments in the Research
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ACB Mats Placement 12
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Vegetated Vegetated 14
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Overtopping Testing Threshold Level
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30 Design Curves 28 26 24 Articulat
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Flow Flume Setup Top of flume wall
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10 Analysis D 50 C u -0.25 [1.0805%
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Limited Overtopping, Embankment Bre
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development of concentrated flow, 2
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0.1 k d (m 3 /N-h) 0.01 0.001 τ c
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SUMMARY Research efforts at the ARS
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B-19
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Hydrologic Engineering Center Missi
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Schematic of the Alamo Dam study ar
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Cross-section Data Editor • Optio
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Use of GIS/DEM data RAS cross secti
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RAS Unsteady Flow • Overview •
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Pre-processing Geometry • For uns
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Bridge Hydraulic Properties Plot Hy
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Unsteady Flow Simulation Manager 1.
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Viewing Unsteady Flow Results • A
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Gate Section
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Future Work • Dam & Levee Breachi
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Product Availability • Internal t
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MORRIS 1 CADAM & IMPACT: European R
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MORRIS 3 • To create a database o
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MORRIS 5 • Dam-break wave along a
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MORRIS 7 SELECTED RESEARCH FINDINGS
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MORRIS 9 site. The results varied s
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MORRIS 11 be appropriate for the si
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MORRIS 13 Funding of European resea
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MORRIS 15 Breach Formation Flood Pr
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MORRIS 17 their findings and future
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MORRIS 19 Theme 4 Sediment Movement
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MORRIS 21 (Italy), Politechnika Gda
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Issues, Resolutions, And Research N
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and is presented in detail by Mark
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The most commonly applied approach
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Test no 1,2,3,5,7, and 8 will be us
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• breach tests A local contractin
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5. BUDGET AND TIME SCHEDULE The who
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Catalino Cecilio Catalino B. Cecili
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David Gutierrez California Dept. of
Page 366 and 367:
John Ritchey Dept. of Environmental
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