Elegantes Telefax - JAV der TUB - TU Berlin

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Contents I. Introduction 1 II. The analytical frame of analyzing multi-lateral Banks 4 III. Looking with the lenses of the principal-agent model 10 at the governance of the World Bank IV. The inclusion of environmental objectives in the 13 governance of the World Bank V. The multidimensionality of water policy of the World Bank 20 VI. The development of the water policies at the World Bank 23 VII. The policy change in the 1993 Water Resource Management 24 Policy Paper VIII. Evaluating the impact of the 1993 Water Resources 27 Management Policy Paper in 2002 IX. A partially new direction in the 2004 Water Resources 29 Sector Strategy X. Assessment of the changes in World Bank water resources policy 32 XI. References 34
1 I. INTRODUCTION Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been developed nearly two decades ago as an encompassing new concept integrating the management of all water resources with the major water using sectors (water supply and sanitation, irrigated agriculture, environmental protection, flood protection, shipping and hydropower). Since then, it has been promoted as a concept for water policy reforms in most developing countries by a number of donor agencies and other international organizations dealing with water policy issues. The World Bank is clearly the most prominent donor institution endorsing the concept analytically and providing substantial financial support for its implementation. It prides itself for its intellectual leadership role and it undertook two major efforts – in the early nineties and between 2001 and 2005 – in translating the concept into a set of policies guiding its own operations. The first round of reform was the result of the actions of external stakeholders, mainly Washington based environmental Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), pressuring the US Congress and the US Treasury to request from the World Bank various procedural changes which amounted to an upgraded environmental review process and an IWRM based sector policy. The second effort ten years later originated from within the Bank and the shareholders emphasizing the implementation of IWRM principles, but reversing the retreat from dam-building that had occurred gradually over the 1990s. Here, the role of NGOs was minor and the stakeholders included the major dam-building countries which make up a large share of the non-IDA borrowers. While not acting prominently in the process leading to and immediately following the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in 1992 1 which helped to propagate the concept among the UN participants and their constituencies, the World Bank started its own process at the same time preparing its 1993 policy paper in Water Resources Management which contains most of the ideas of the IWRM concept, but has a Bank-specific emphasis on economic topics. A number of comparable processes in the water using sectors were pursued in the nineties, while creating analytical support internally with the water resources group and externally by engaging in supporting networks as the Global Water Partnership (GWP) and the World Water Council (WWC): The most prominent effort in dealing with a controversial topic was the participation in the creation of the World Commission of Dams (WCD). The internal review of the implementation of the 1993 policy paper by 1 For account of the role of the IWRM during this phase cf. Scheumann and Klaphake 2001.
Page 1 and 2: WORKING PAPER ON MANAGEMENT IN ENVI
Page 3: SUMMARY Integrated Water Resources
Page 7 and 8: 3 formance gap. Considerable attent
Page 9 and 10: 5 ade saw then the application of t
Page 11 and 12: 7 donor countries (and to some exte
Page 13 and 14: 9 ment banks may be seen as overlap
Page 15 and 16: 11 (Kapur 2002). The gentlemen’s
Page 17 and 18: 13 ing and selection seems to be wo
Page 19 and 20: 15 presidents who have undertaken t
Page 21 and 22: 17 the reorganization in 1987 creat
Page 23 and 24: 19 Figure 1: Percent of World Bank
Page 25 and 26: 21 Figure 2: A comprehensive framew
Page 27 and 28: 23 VI. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WATER
Page 29 and 30: 25 major problems. The internal ass
Page 31 and 32: 27 breaking the stalemate of dam co
Page 33 and 34: 29 works, the World Water Council a
Page 35 and 36: 31 cation and explanation of the Ba
Page 37 and 38: 33 result of a combination of cause
Page 39 and 40: 35 Hawkins D.G., Lake D.A., Nielson
Page 41: 37 World Bank (1996c) Operations Ev

Elegantes Telefax - JAV der TUB - TU Berlin

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?