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nario, where results for Paranthropus boisei
indicate a diet dominated (approx. 80%) by C 4
plants, in spite of indications from their powerful
‘nutcracker’ morphology for diets of
hard objects. We argue that such evidence for
engagement with C 4 food resources may mark
a fundamental transition in the evolution of
hominin lineages, and that the pattern had antecedents
prior to the emergence of Australopithecus
africanus. Since new isotopic evidence
from Aramis suggests that it was not
present in Ardipithecus ramidus at 4.4 Ma, we
suggest that the origins lie in the period between
3 and 4 Myr ago.
2010040485
从 早 期 古 人 类 牙 齿 化 石 恢 复 地 质 年 龄 重 建
过 去 人 类 生 长 = Retrieving chronological age
from dental remains of early fossil hominins
to reconstruct human growth in the past. ( 英
文 ). Dean M C. Philosophical Transactions of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010,
365(1556): 3397-3410;
A chronology of dental development in Pan
troglodytes is arguably the best available
model with which to compare and contrast
reconstructed dental chronologies of the earliest
fossil hominins. Establishing a time scale
for growth is a requirement for being able to
make further comparative observations about
timing and rate during both dento-skeletal
growth and brain growth. The absolute timing
of anterior tooth crown and root formation
appears not to reflect the period of somatic
growth. In contrast, the molar dentition best
reflects changes to the total growth period.
Earlier initiation of molar mineralization,
shorter crown formation times, less root length
formed at gingival emergence into functional
occlusion are cumulatively expressed as earlier
ages at molar eruption. Things that are
similar in modern humans and Pan, such as
the total length of time taken to form individual
teeth, raise expectations that these would
also have been the same in fossil hominins.
The best evidence there is from the youngest
fossil hominin specimens suggests a close resemblance
to the model for Pan but also hints
that Gorilla may be a better developmental
model for some. A mosaic of great ape-like
features currently best describes the timing of
early hominin dental development.
2010040486
中 新 世 中 期 巨 型 类 人 猿 Anoiapithecus,
Pierolapithecus 和 Dryopithecus 属 的 珐 琅
质 厚 度 = Enamel thickness in the Middle
Miocene great apes Anoiapithecus, Pierolapithecus
and Dryopithecus. ( 英 文 ). Alba D
M; Fortuny J; Moyà-Solà S. Proceedings of
the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2010,
277(1691): 2237-2245
On the basis of industrial computed tomography,
relative enamel thickness (RET) is
computed in three Middle Miocene (ca 11.9–
11.8 Ma) hominoids from Abocador de Can
Mata (Vallès-Penedès Basin, Catalonia,
Spain): Pierolapithecus catalaunicus from
BCV1 and Anoiapithecus brevirostris from
C3-Aj, interpreted as stem hominids; and
Dryopithecus fontani from C3-Ae of uncertain
phylogenetic affinities. Pierolapithecus displays
an average RET value of 19.5,
Anoiapithecus of 18.6 and Dryopithecus of
10.6. The thick-enamelled condition of Pierolapithecus
and Anoiapithecus is also characteristic
of afropithecids, including the more
derived kenyapithecins from the early Middle
Miocene of Eurasia (Griphopithecus and Kenyapithecus).
Given the presence of other dentognathic
and craniofacial similarities, thick
enamel may be interpreted as a symplesiomorphy
of the Hominidae (the great ape and
human clade), which would have been later
independently modified along several lineages.
Given the correlation between thick enamel
and hard-object feeding, our results suggest
that thick enamel might have been the fundamental
adaptation that enabled the out-of-
Africa dispersal of great-ape ancestors and
their subsequent initial radiation throughout
Eurasia. The much thinner enamel of
Dryopithecus is difficult to interpret given
phylogenetic uncertainties, being either a
hominine synapomorphy or a convergently
developed feature.
历 史 地 质 学 、 地 层 学
综 论
2010040487
意 大 利 西 西 里 Reitano Flysch Auct. 新 的 生
物 地 层 资 料 : 修 正 西 西 里 单 元 地 层 学 的 关 键
= New biostratigraphic data from the Reitano
Flysch Auct. (Sicily, Italy): A key to a revised
stratigraphy of the sicilide units. ( 英 文 ). Torricelli
S; Knezaurek G. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia
e stratigrafia, 2010, 116(2): 201-
221
The study of palynomorphs and calcareous
nannofossils recovered from the volcanoarenitic
succession outcropping at Troina and
Cerami (Sicily) documents Rupelian assem-
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