Wastewater Irrigation in Gujarat - People in Centre Consulting

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shows that there is a high deficit of 84.5 MLD in the city, which is almost 47 percent short of the required capacity. The RMC plans to augment the treatment capacity by 170.5 MLD in next three years by planning to set up STPs of 44.5, 70 and 56 MLD respectively. If achieved, then the city will have a surplus of treatment capacity by around 36 percent. Table 15: Sewage Treatment Scenario in Rajkot City Total Water Required supply (MLD) Treatment Capacity Sewage Available Treatment Capacity Rajkot 225 180 95.5 -84.5 Source: Information from municipal officers in Rajkot city Deficit/Surplus As per the House listing and Household data of Census 2011, Rajkot has 76.5 percent households, which have access to close drains, 17.6 percent households in the city have access to open drainage and 6 percent households don’t have access to any drainage. This implies that a maximum of wastewater generated by 90.2 percent households would reach the sewage treatment plants in the city. Wastewater used for irrigation A detailed study was undertaken of surrounding areas of Rajkot city to understand the magnitude of wastewater used for irrigation. The table below provides the area under various crops for Rajkot based on the primary field surveys. Table 16: Area under Various Crops using Wastewater Irrigation Crop Area in Per Hectare Water Total water hectares Requirement (in requirement (in million million litres) litres for a season) Alfa Alfa 676 10.55 7132 BT Cotton 746 10.55 7870 Castor 313 9.80 3067 Groundnut 222 6.52 1449 Juwar 926 6.42 5950 Makai 352 4.45 1566 Rose/Flower 107 10.44 1117 Soyabean 88 3.00 264 Vegetables 1418 23.75 33678 Wheat 911 3.70 3371 Total 5759 89.18 65464 Source: Field study, 2012 and http://www.agriinfo.in/default.aspx?page=topic&superid=1&topicid=16, accessed on 26 th October 2012 The above table indicates that 65,464 million litres of water is used annually for irrigation in Rajkot. Hence, the average use per day is around 179.3 MLD. The water supply in Rajkot is 225 MLD; therefore 80 percent wastewater gets generated, which 32
is 180 MLD. If 30 percent losses are considered due to evaporation, sludge etc. then only 126 MLD water should be available for irrigation. However, estimates point towards wastewater irrigation of around 180 MLD. This indicates a significant amount of unaccounted water being used by the city. Therefore, to estimate wastewater irrigation potential based only on water supply and treatment data may not provide real scenario. Wastewater Details Rajkot has two STPs with a cumulative capacity of 95.5 MLD. Both of these STPs dispose wastewater in Aji River and Nyari River. There are various streams (nallahs) flowing through the city, which carry the collected wastewater. There are also underground sewerage network, which collect the wastewater from the city. The wastewater from both of the above reaches the STPs in the city. Additionally, a large amount of wastewater also does not reach these two STPs and directly flows into the Aji River and Nyari River, which is also used for irrigation. As there is no agricultural land within the city, the use of wastewater for irrigation occurs only north of both the STPs, where the Aji River and Nyari River flow. Treated sewage from these two STPs is also used for irrigation. 33
Page 2 and 3: This page is intentionally left bla
Page 10 and 11: LIST OF FIGURES Figure.1:.Methodolo
Page 12 and 13: Pollution Control Board (CPCB), sew
Page 14 and 15: which would deprive many households
Page 16 and 17: Identification of Sewage Treatment
Page 18 and 19: chapters also provide the details o
Page 20 and 21: Another cooperative, the ‘Miroli
Page 22 and 23: flowing into it. Along the River, t
Page 24 and 25: The Table 2 provides a snapshot of
Page 26 and 27: Village Net Irrigated Area in Ha Ne
Page 30 and 31: Table 5: Sewage Treatment Scenario
Page 32 and 33: With metered supply of electricity
Page 34 and 35: any drainage. Hence, the major chun
Page 36 and 37: Table 9: Bhuj Area, Receipts and Ca
Page 38 and 39: As per the House listing and Househ
Page 40 and 41: Crops and Productivity It was found
Page 44 and 45: Figure 7: Map of Extent of Wastewat
Page 46 and 47: Table 18: Net and Gross Area, Recei
Page 48 and 49: drainage. Hence, the major chunk of
Page 50 and 51: Although area irrigated with wastew
Page 52 and 53: According to the House listing and
Page 54 and 55: Table below provides a snapshot of
Page 56 and 57: Crops and Productivity It was found
Page 58 and 59: Table 28: Comparison of Wastewater
Page 62 and 63: these treatment systems are much lo
Page 64 and 65: 4. Farmers in Bedi village of Rajko
Page 66 and 67: use. These places use wastewater fo
Page 68 and 69: The section below provides the expl
Page 70 and 71: for using wastewater. Hence, suitab
Page 74 and 75: 11. Swarup, D., Dwivedi, S.K. and D
Page 76 and 77: 15. Mr. Gadhavi Assistant, Jaspar G
Page 78: Farmers No. Name of the Farmer Name

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